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Ethics of human modification through genetic engineering
How has genetic engineering been a negative to society
Bio ethics in genetic engineering
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Introduction:
This article will be discussing the current methods of developing transgenic organisms, animals and plants, and its ethical and biological implications, along with how evolution will be influenced by man made gene alterations. As the development of human civilization gallops, public health care and construction are able to increase human race’s longevity significantly to a degree where the limited life-providing supplies seem even more precious at unprecedented level. Thus, transgenic technology has become a crucial part in sustaining the development of the whole human kind. Scientists use transgenic methods to produce much more food supply since over sixty million people on the earth are still suffering from hunger on a daily basis. As we all know, there are only limited resources on the earth and the earth is not going to expand for any reason, at the same time the global population is still increasing dramatically, especially at those developing countries where the primary income for a house hold is labour force, therefore their family produce more children which presumably will need more food in order to stay alive. Also scientists are using transgenic approach to produce well advantaged species that can provide the possibly of living to many deadly diseases or use those species for military purposes. We have to admit the fact that there lots of benefits but on the other hand, the detrimental consequences of transgenic technology cannot be overlooked.
More and more people have realized that many restrictions that are put on the this filed is very important before we actually figure out what the answers to the some of the important ethical questions are. A sword always has its two sides. The influences of tra...
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...y lead to a chimeric offspring. The steps of developing a genetically modified crop (GMC) The steps are: “isolation of the gene of interest, indention of the gene, plant transformation, selection of the selected cells, regeneration in a large amount through tissue culture, verification of the transformation of the characterization of the inserted DNA fragment, and safety assessment” (CM Crop)
The whole idea here is to insert the gene and find out the one that work and separate them from the null ones, then reproduce them in a large amount and the final stage will be the verification of what we want. The last step might be overlooked by many people, but oftentimes is more important than we think it will be. Because even if the desired traits have been inherited through the selection, but they might perform differently under different environmental conditions and.
Modern biotechnology was born at the hands of American scientists Herb Boyer and Stain Cohen, when they developed “recombinant deoxyribonucleotide, (rDNA), [1] for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, biotechnologists started genetically engineering agricultural plants using this technology. A single gene responsible for a certain trait, from one organism (usually a bacterium) is selected altered and then ‘spliced” into the DNA of a plant to create an agricultural crop consisting of that...
A GMO is a plant or animal that has been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses, or other plants and animals. Most of the combinations which are used could not possibly occur in nature on its own. The intention of the process is to create a new beneficial trait such as creating its own pesticide or make it immune to herbicides. This would allow the crop such as Bt co...
Pastan has created a vivid example of the difficulty of making choices in "Ethics." People seldom realize the repercussions their choices may make. As people grow older and learn more, they tend to see how ignorant some of their choices were. The same can be said of society. Although a great many wrong choices have been made along the way, it is not too late for society to once again put value on what it already has instead of what it might have.
Genetic engineering has been around for many years and is widely used all over the planet. Many people don’t realize that genetic engineering is part of their daily lives and diet. Today, almost 70 percent of processed foods from a grocery store were genetically engineered. Genetic engineering can be in plants, foods, animals, and even humans. Although debates about genetic engineering still exist, many people have accepted due to the health benefits of gene therapy. The lack of knowledge has always tricked people because they only focused on the negative perspective of genetic engineering and not the positive perspective. In this paper, I will be talking about how Genetic engineering is connected to Brave New World, how the history of genetic engineering impacts the world, how genetic engineering works, how people opinions are influenced, how the side effects can be devastating, how the genetic engineering can be beneficial for the society and also how the ethical issues affect people’s perspective.
Plants or animals that are created through gene slicing techniques of genetic engineering are called genetically modified organisms or, GMOs. This technique for creating plants and animals was first used in the 1970s. According to Non-GMO Project, “This experimental technology merges DNA from different species, creating unstable combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and viral genes that cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding.” (Non-GMO Project). This type of genetic modification has started to worry people.
Genetic engineering is the changing of an organism’s DNA, genetic material to eliminate unwanted traits or to produce desirable traits. The earliest form of genetic engineering dates back to the scientist Gregor Mendel who did experiments with peas. He bred only the peas with the most desirable traits in order to achieve a healthier and stronger pea (McCuen 8). This method, called selective breeding, is still used today with plants and animals in order to increase food production. Corn plants are selectively bred in order to produce a larger tastier kernel. Another type of genetic engineering called hybridization or crossbreeding involves breeding animals of different species in order to obtain the most desirable traits of both. Male donkeys are crossbred with female horses to produce mules, which are good work animals (Levine 1).
Throughout the course of human history, new technological advancements have always created opposing views, and conflict between the different groups that hold them. Today, one of the greatest technological controversies is over the morals and practicality of genetically modifying crops and animals. Reasons for doing so vary from making them more nutritious to making plants more bountiful to allowing organisms to benefit humans in ways never before possible. Genetic engineering is a process in which genes within the DNA of one organism are removed and placed into the DNA of another, a “…reshuffling of genes…from one species to another” (Steinbrecher qtd. in Epstein). However, uncertainty about the practice has resulted in several groups who argue for its future. Some believe that genetic engineering should be encouraged to its greatest potential, others argue that the cons of genetic engineering greatly outweigh any benefits and feel it should be entirely banned, while a final group feels genetic engineering should be continued but only under much more strict moderation and regulation.
The term GM foods or GMO (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques (Whitman, 2000). These plants have been modified in the laboratory to offer desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. Also, genetic engineering techniques have been applied to create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and accurately. For example, this is done by the geneticist isolating the gene responsible for drought tolerance and inserting it into another plant. The new genetically modified plant will now have gained drought tolerance as well.
In this assignment we will be identifying an ethical dilemma an individual has experienced. We will begin with a short introduction of what an ethical dilemma is, moving on to providing brief details of the dilemma an individual has experienced. We will then go on to selecting one ethical theory, to show how it can help an individual understand and deal with the situation when placed within, followed by a conclusion.
The most wonderful activity a human being can experience is new flavors and foods. For example, the first time a person tastes a delicious juicy piece of prime rib or a delightful hamburger with cheese and ham, his world is never the same. However, since the beginning of the twentieth century, the production of food has been supplemented by science. This has triggered an angry dispute between the people who support the advances of biotechnology and people who love nature. In order to understand the controversy, we have to know the meaning of genetically modified foods. With new technological advances, scientists can modify seeds from a conventional seed to a high tech seed with shorter maturation times and resistance to dryness, cold and heat. This is possible with the implementation of new genes into the DNA of the conventional seed. Once these "transgenes" are transferred, they can create plants with better characteristics (Harris 164-165). The farmers love it not only because it guarantees a good production, but the cost is also reduced. On the other hand, organizations such as Greenpeace and Friends of Earth have campaigned against GMO (“Riesgos”) because they think that they are negatively affecting the earth (Gerdes 26). Both the advocates and the opponents of genetically modified foods have excellent arguments.
With an in-depth study of transgenic technology, we can use it in many areas. For example, we can use it to make medicine, develop agriculture and clone. Transgenic technology is one of the important areas of life science. It has changed our life gradually. It let us to develop new varieties of products through the extraction and recombination of genes, some of them can provide us more balanced nutrition. Through the cultivation of genetically modified drugs, it is full of medicinal protein, it benefits the patient’s condition a lot, and improve the efficiency of the medicine on the human body.
The Level of Ethical Analysis: Sometimes one will run into the issue of not finding an acceptable moral to apply
Since the beginning of the agricultural revolution, the human population on Earth has continued to increase at a rapid rate with no signs of it stopping anytime soon. In response to the growing population, agricultural advancements such as new methods for growing have been made in order to address this issue. However, one advancement continues to be at the heart of a debate that has been going on for several years: genetically modifying organisms.
New forms of technology emerge all around the world every day. Gene transfer technology, known as transgenics, is a biological form of technology and a rapidly advancing one. Transgenics consists of new forms of biological research studies. By definition transgenic means "of, relating to, denoting an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced" (Oxford English Dictionary). In simpler terms, transgenics can alter an organism’s biological (genetic) makeup. The real argument behind transgenics is, what effect does it have on societies culture and how can it affect the peoples future? To be specific, this new technology can help create a new species, cure diseases (cancer), and help grow new organs and other biological alterations.
Lemaux, P.G. (2006). Introduction to genetic modification. Agricultural Biotechnology in California Series, 8178. Retrieved from http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8178.pdf