Parker Bell
Mrs. West
Chemistry, P.2
23 February 2014
The Haber Process
The Haber process, otherwise known as the Haber-Bosch process is the reaction of Nitrogen (g) and Hydrogen (g), to produce ammonia; a huge part in the making of plant fertilizers. Ammonia is extremely difficult to produce on a large industrial scale, but the fertilizer made from it is responsible for sustaining one-third of Earth’s population. It was created by a chemist by the name of Fritz Haber, and it was then asked for another chemist named Carl Bosch to expand Haber’s machine to industrial level production. (Haber process. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://goo.gl/kYzy0Q)
This was the first process that allowed people to mass-produce plant fertilizers due to the production of ammonia. It was also one of the first processes developed to use high pressure to create chemical reactions. The Haber process made it possible for farmers to grow more food which then made it easier for agriculture to support more and more people. Many people say that this process is the cause of the Earth’s current population growth, because about half of the protein in today’s humans originated from nitrogen fixed through the Haber process. The population in 1900 was 1.6 billion, while today the population is over 7 billion people. The Haber process also has had an impact on the environment. More nitrogen has been released to the environment creating things called dead zones in the Earth’s oceans and it’s seas from agricultural runoff. Another thing is that nitrogen fertilizers have also caused natural bacteria to produce nitrous oxide which is a greenhouse gas and can cause acid rain. (Overview of the Haber-Bosch Process. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://goo.gl/kQGJsN) There are n...
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... react with. This wastes reactor space - particularly space on the surface of the catalyst. (he Haber Process for the manufacture of ammonia. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/haber.html)
The Haber-Bosch process is very important in many different ways, and the way it works is very interesting and this process helps the earth and it’s environment. The ammonia created from this mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen helps out a huge percentage of the population within agriculture, because of its fertilizers and it helps provide many people with food, and also helps the earth’s population grow. There may be downsides, but without this great invention a huge chunk of the population would not have an easier way with agriculture. So, as you can see it is very important as well as a great contribution to the earth and its people.
Felder, M. Richard, Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 3rd ed.; Wiley: New Jersey, 2000; p 631.
For example, when hydrogen cyanide reacts with aldehydes and
This process uses gases from the industrial exhaust which is let out into the atmosphere, which in turn makes profits out of pollution (NAIR & (IN), 2012).
In the production process of chemicals it requires to use of a average calorific value gas (MCV) also non-nitrogen diluted by minor impurities for best alteration to chemical compounds (Paisley et al., 1994). For the electricity production the used product gas should be clean from char-particles, pitch and ash etc. before it is inserted into the gas turbine or in a combustion engine. The higher temperature gases which exits from the gas turbine can be further used to generate steam from there heat for a steam turbine, like as an Integrate Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) generally used in power
... into fertilizer, this change also releases many harmful chemicals into the air, and once again the earth’s atmosphere is being destroyed.
within the soil. In this experiment, the liberation of ammonia is being employed as an indicator. Other components being utilized play a vital role in controlling the conditions of the experiment, as the THAM buffer, and the limitation of microbial activity, through toluene. The control experiment is crucial as it eliminates the addition of ammonia content being released by other sources within the soil into the final reading, providing accurate data.
Having Haber’s 1st successful use of chlorine gas he wanted to use the 2nd round of gas on the Russians. His wife, Clara, argued over th...
The catalytic process occurs at lower temperature anf offers higher selectivity but requires frequent regeneration of the catalyst. Then, the products are cooled and introduced into a pair of separators which separate the unreacted hydrogen. The unreacted hydrogen is compressed and recycle back to the feed and reactor. The products that leaving the separators are heated before introduced into a distillation column which the toluene is separated from the stream and recycle back to the...
There is no addition of feed or removal of product along the reaction is carried out (Blevins, 20014).
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without affecting the products of the reaction and remains unchanged. This experiment focused on increasing the temperature of hydrochloric acid when it reacts with magnesium. The volume of hydrogen gas produced. Independent variables: The temperature of HCl gas will decrease and increase throughout the experiment.
It was necessary for industrialization to occur in order for the large population to sustain. There are many products in stores today, thanks to the Industrial Revolution. The assembly line and mass production allowed factories to produce products much more efficiently. The waste produced by factories was expelled into the water as well as into the air, as described by Professor Michael Faraday (Document 1).
The environment is stabilized by the biogeochemical cycles. Biogeochemical cycles are the processes that occur naturally and recycle the nutrients in different chemical forms from the non-living ecosystem to living organisms and then back to the non-living ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles consist of five cycles which are iron cycle, sulphur cycle, phosphorus cycle, nitrogen cycle and carbon cycle. The most important and complex of biogeochemical cycles is the nitrogen cycle (Botkin & Keller, 2012). Nitrogen cycle allows the various nitrogenous species to cycle among the inert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere and soil (Newton, 1999). According to Newton (1999), “the nitrogen gas molecule is fixed by either natural processes, which include both biological and non-biological (lightning, combustion and volcanism) systems, or man-made processes (mainly industrial ammonia production)” (p. 1). There are four processes in the nitrogen cycle, namely nitrogen fixation, decomposition, nitrification, and lastly, denitrification (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Temperature has a strong effect on nitrifying bacteria, as in the case of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria. The temperature dependence for the nitrification process corresponds to an Arrhenius equation, at least below 30 °C. At higher temperatures (30-35 ° C), the growth rate of nitrifying bacteria is constant and Begins to decrease between 35 and 40 °C. The two-stage biological nitrification process is a two-sludge system which is generally used when ammonia Disposal is subject to advanced treatment. The process is also used prior to biological denitrification systems where nitrate removal is required. The first step of the two-step process is typically a high-throughput activated sludge that is designed to achieve at least 75% to 85% elimination of carbonated BOD5. By realizing this Level of reduction of BOD5 in the first stage, conditions can be developed in the second step to improve nitrification. The nitrification of ammonia into nitrate occurs chiefly in the second stage. Nitrification is realized in a two-stage process by the biological activities of two specific groups of bacteria known as Nitrosomonas and
...an be placed in an unstable solution to decompose the free electrons and metal ion which will form metal amide and release hydrogen. Ammonia takes place in many chemical reactions and will react to form strong acids such as stable ammonium salts and ammonium chloride. As well as it forms ammonium nitrate(Ammonia).
The Industrial Revolution sparked a new curiosity and need for chemical engineering. In order for certain industries to sustain growth, the production of chemicals became of great importance, especially sulfuric acid. In attempts to improve the process of making this chemical, much time, money and effort was put into it. By this, the slightest savings led to large profits because of the vast quantities of sulfuric acid consumed by industries (Pafko, "Setting Stage").