The new public management can be considered as an assemblage of tactics and strategies undertaken from the public sector. The exact transformations of the new public management have made the transition from the traditional public management to the present public management. The new public management is defined as a vision, ideology and or a set of approaches and managerial procedures highly relevant to the public sector, (Pollitt, 1994). Hood (1991) alludes that the new public management is a body of managerial thinking or as a system of thinking based on ideas created in the private sector and smuggled to the public sector (Ferlie, Pettigrew, Ashburner and Fitzgerald, 1996). Clark & Newman (1997) underline the fact that the new public management pushes the state towards managerialism approach of governance. The traditional model of organizing and delivering the public services, based on the principles of the bureaucratic hierarchy, planning, centralization and direct control has been substituted by a management of the public services strictly rooted on the market rules and called the new public management. The features and constituents of the new public management can be grouped into two, states (Pollitt & Summa). The first group of ideas mainly counts on the management perfection and organizational reorganization. The second group underlines the role of markets and competition. The new public management can be seen as a process of transition from an extreme, mostly managerialist, to another extreme, based purely on capitalization that is, marketization and competition.
The advocates of the new public management argue the idea that the difference between the management of the public sector and that of the private sector will disa...
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... through a merit system designed by the government personnel agency and often enacted in law. A merit system is designed to prevent partisan political interference in the implementation of policy. The hallmark of such a system is neutral competence, with competence achieved through a system of hiring the most qualified workers for the positions. Partisan neutrality is achieved through rules that protect workers from partisan political pressure and prevent them from actively participating in partisan political campaigns. New public management approach would carry out the policies of the state largely with employees who are not directly employed by the government. In case of privatization, the government would abandon the attempt to provide some services entirely and leave their provision to the private sector. Control would be achieved through the market system.
Municipal control or an alternative delivery method? This is the question that has intrigued all levels of local government and created intense debates between taxpayers across municipalities. The services that municipalities provide are often vital to the existence of a local area. The issues of accountability, cost savings, quality of service and democracy often arise when choosing the best options to deliver services to a municipal area. In recent years the concepts of privatization, alternative service delivery and public-private partnerships are often promoted as ways cut down on overburdened annual city budgets and promote a higher quality of service to citizens. Municipalities have historically always provided basic services such as fire protection, water purification/treatment and recreational facilities. However, would private companies or another municipality be able to better deliver the same services more efficiently or at a lower cost? The city or town often provides a political grass roots approach to most local problems. Municipalities are better positioned and have a wider scope to provide services to their constituents in order to ensure quality of service that does not erode accountability and transparency, or drive the municipality deeper into debt.
Woodrow Wilson, after earning his Ph.D. became a political science teacher at a college in Pennsylvania. At that time, public administration was very foreign in America and Wilson felt the need for it to be developed. Woodrow Wilson framed the initial study of public administration in The United States. Additionally, according to Wilson there were many events that took place during that era of the late nineteenth century that forced America to take notice of its need for public administration. “Technological innovations and growing international involvement in the Spanish-American War, combined with increasing participation in a democratic government,”
Privatization of governmental functions has a direct relationship with the number of contract employees in government and an inverse relationship with the number of civil servants. As privatization has become more acceptable, contract employees are being hired to do the jobs, thus, replacing civil servants.
Public Administration involves the development, implementation and management of policies for the attainment of set goals and objectives that will be to the benefit of the general public. Since Public Administration involves taking decisions that affect the use of public resources there is often the question of how to utilize public resources for maximum public good. The National Association of Public Administration has identified four pillars of public administration: economy, efficiency, effectiveness and social equity. These pillars are equally important in the practice of public administration and to its success. This paper seeks to explain the role of each of the pillars in the practice of public administration.
The study of public administration only continued to grow over the course of the next two decades. As the study of public administration expanded, so did the development of s...
Max Weber, Henri Fayol and Luther Halsey Gulick all addressed issues, concerning how an overall organization should be structured, bureaucratic administration, while Frederick Taylor’s theory of scientific management concentrated on techniques for increasing production (Tomkins, 2005). This essay will focus on the disadvantages and the advantages, including the effective and efficient components, of bureaucracy in public management.
Over time, how have members of the field of public administration examined the subject of policy and administration (has the dichotomy changed)?
The New Public Management plays a valuable role as a policy tool and as a means by which to advance rhetoric of efficiency, prudence and efficacy in state management, at a time when these values had re-emerged as a primary driving force behind mass-liberation of national economies and the international political economy in general . This new policy was implemented with a mind to change the old running of the public sector into a new form by imitating the business style of the private sector. This is because some of the politicians felt that the public servants lucked the drive and determination of the many citizens that worked outside of the public sector. So the idea was to become more like the private sector in terms of implementing better services to the citizens, as well as being more challenging when producing policies which conflict with others in the public sector. One of the major reasons why this policy gained more than enough support in earlier years was as a result of the Cold War.
In the future I would like to see myself, as a continuously promoted public official who could possibly become a pro-active politician in today’s demanding political arena. To achieve this, I would like to gain more knowledge which can help me reach intellectual maturity to the latest practices adopted in the field of Public Administration. My desire for self-development in this area and curiosity to learn past and contemporary developments in different societies will help me to solve the problems easily.
Public Management: between the Traditional and New Models. Review of International Comparative Management 408, 411. Marino, C. (2011). The 'Standard'. The Introduction of New Public Management in the Italian Public Sector.
This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy.
In the political approach, political authority is divided between a central government and the provincial or state governments. This means that some provinces or states are accorded a substantial measure of constitutional or legal sovereignty, although they still remain subordinates of the central government in certain constitutional or legal respects. The political approach promotes the political values of military strength, economic development, union, and representation. In addition, it is characterized by three central features: state sovereignty, bicameralism, and multiple layers of representation.
Public policy can be defined as “What ever governments choose to do or not do” (Dye, 2008, p 2). In the context of this essay, public policies are a set of actors by the government in order to reach out to the masses. The ministries and departments are mandated to deliver specific mandates in the form of public goods and services.
Public personnel administration consists of three general systems. The first one I’ll talk about is civil service. The civil service helps to protect employee rights and safeguard efficiency. Historically, personnel administration shifted from emphasizing the value of responsiveness to emphasizing political neutral competence among public employees. Before they would use the spoils system and the patronage system, which selected employees and awarded government contracts based on loyalty or party affiliation. In this present day, we are using more of the civil service system, which is a method of choosing employees based on certain formal qualifications such as competitive exams instead of political patronage. It all start...
Today in the present world, most countries have the core object of governance in the “public good provisioning ” leitmotif. According to the main principles ; accountability, participation and transparency, from the governance ecology interaction between the State, Civil Society and Market –place, within the global-village environment, (Higgot and Ougaard 2002; Stiglitz 2003; Woods 2006) “Governance Deteriorate the Economical Progress of the Developing Countries”(Box 15.4 Kaufmann, Kray, and Mastruzzi, 2008 p 291 Governance Matter Vll: some leading findings). In my opinion governance on itself without parametric recognition is doomed to fail, instead of reflecting to new mechanisms of responsibility to steer and guide the social and economical issues, which I will try to clarify in the upcoming body breakdown. Governance is supported as structure through institutions, as process through instruments and as agenda through elements of good governance, generating the capacity to improve significant development and positive impact of economic growth and to cut back destitution. Despite of the fact that developing countries can come in line with the quality of governance by accepting it as a crucial determinant of developmental performance, it didn’t came into effect. The underlying fact of weak and poor governance was identified as a result, for not effectuating the measureme...