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Benefits and challenges of procurement
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On the surface, one might say that purchasing is purchasing no matter who the purchaser is. In both public and private procurement sectors, purchases are made from the same suppliers. Both sectors search for flexible, value and price planning, efficient systems. However, systems and rules are what distinguish the two. They are completely different in the dynamics of their operations. Compared with the private sector, the procurement process of the public sector differs in quite a few ways. The intent of this paper is to examine the differences between public sector procurement and private sector procurement with attention to how private sector procurement methods may or may not be useful in public sector procurement.
Definitions of procurement are abundant. For the sake of this paper, I will use the definition given by BusinessDictionary.com, which states that procurement is the act of obtaining or buying goods and services. The process includes preparation and processing of a demand as well as the end receipt and approval of payment. Procurement may be further classified according to the sector that it serves such as public or private.
Literature Review
In both public and private sector procurement, goods and services have to be acquired, and in both there are good motives to strive for the best contract in procuring the required goods and services. Still, despite these similarities, it is well recognized that public procurement is quite different from procurement in the private sector (Erridge, 1996; Thai, 2001; Thai et al., 2004).
The methods to evaluate these differences differ across several publications. A number of papers consider how the execution of procurement is influenced differently in the public and private s...
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... material specifications, and the purchasing process itself. In the event that the process changes, purchasers should hold bidders' meetings to convey these changes. An alternate instrument procurement specialist in the public sector should consider in bid evaluation is the "should cost" strategy. "Should cost" pricing is obtained by calculating an estimate of the supplier's real cost to create and deliver the materials or services requested. This examination can then be utilized to discover inefficiencies or options to decrease expenses. Should-cost pricing is produced by building expense models dependent upon both standard information and data that has been asked for as a component of the RFQ process. The expense models can additionally be utilized within negotiating the last contract and in negotiations that may happen if the supplier asks for a price increase.
Based on the textbook and my understanding, whenever there are negotiations between a procurer and a supplier regarding a competitive bidding, the first thing that might be favored is the scope of the project, meaning both will sit down and discuss the entire project prior the work begins. Meanwhile, during the negotiations, evaluation criteria should be clear, and stated and defined. As the evaluation is based on the criteria stated and the procurer can request or ask the supplier’s opinions on certain specifications and where things can be improved.
The preference for a Firm Fixed type contract is influenced by various factors other than the huge costs associated with other types of contracts. One of the major factors contributing to this preference is the significant increase in federal obligations in other types of contracts. This increase is coupled with the lack of a clear and complete picture of the use of cost-reimbursement contracts by the federal government. Actually, a considerable increase in federal obligations has been reported for contracts involving the use of combination strategies. Secondly, the government seems to prefer Firm Fixed type contract because of the recent decision to remove the use of combination strategies. This decision was made as part of initiatives to enhance the effectiveness of all new contract awards from the beginning of the 2010 financial year (“Extent of Federal Spending”, 2009). Third, preference for a Firm Fixed type contract was brought by the difficulties in determining rationales for using other types of contracts.
Their price must be one that is attainable and reasonable for the offerings. The Kotler & Keller text suggests that facilities analyze competitors and their offerings, estimate their own costs, and determine demand, in order to set the appropriate price.
The expenditure cycle starts with a purchase requisition. When a department feels the necessity of acquiring something they fi...
The private sector is composed of organisations that are privately owned and are not part of the government, corporations and partnerships, for example: retail shops and local business. The private sector progresses expeditious because it promotes quality to win over customers, which will lead to a greater chance of them achieving the objective of making profit. Whereas the public sector is composed of companies, that are controlled and maintained by the government. There are homogeneous attributes between the public and private sector, yet they are to a great extent exceeded by the number of differences and this essay will discuss the major differences between these sectors, which are: transparency, customer feedback, basis of
International City Management Association. Service Delivery in the 90's: Alternative Approaches for Local Governments: Washington D.C.: International City Management Association, 1989.
In general, there are different types of procurement type for various situations due to no one method can be suitable under the all different construction project. In this case, there are four procurement paths, which are traditional, design and build, management and design and manage, will be advised to use. However, each method has different aspects of advantages and disadvantages.
Turnkey contract is business tender that practice to deliver the project after it is complete to the client. Turnkey method is where the client gives a full responsibility to the developer or contractor handle the project it finishes. The client gives a full responsibility to the developer or contractor handle the project until it complete. In addition, turnkey contract also known as a construction contract in which fixed in price at the time contract is signed. This matter will make the construction company is held in charge for exceeding any of the budget. Turnkey construction contracts also provide an incentive for the company to stay within budget and reduce the risk to the buyer of the construction services and maintenance. If any problems occur during the project, the contractor or developer has to find the solution and solve the problems by their own.
In the case study I am asked the major differences between public and private sector labor relations. Throughout my research I will use the text along with outside sources to help in finding the significant differences between the two. Furthermore as outlined in the text of (Holley, Jennings, & Wolters, 2012) have indicated some of the major differences between public and private sector including the market economy such as the relationship between the budget and the bargaining process, employee rights and obligations, and collective bargaining structures and decision making processes. Furthermore, we must consider the differences within dispute resolution between private and public sector labor relations.
The US Government and construction industry often uses LCC to evaluate product and services. The product cost, operational cost, and maintenance cost are summed and the impact on the long-term budgets are evaluated during the source selection. Suppliers offering the lowest cost and best value products clearly have a competitive advantage. Costing methods that focus on production costs (like TOC) and costing methods that focus on market price (like target costing) are less useful in the government procurement world as market price is not well established and the items being produced are customized. Life-cycle costing systems evaluate costing from the research and development phase through to the eventual conclusion of a product 's life. This approach is useful in determining the overall product
Previous researchers have shown that there is a positive relationship between cooperation and satisfaction (e.g. Mallen, 1963; Dwyer, 1980; Schmitz Whipple and Gentry, 2000). The cooperative efforts of channel members should results in greater trust, commitment, channel efficiency and the achievement goals, thus leading to higher levels of satisfaction. (Jonsson and Zineldin, 2003).
Estimates form the basis of tender comparison, so it should be as accurate as possible, if deficient the award settlement becomes arduous (Odusami & Onukwube, 2008). Accurate cost estimate for projects are tremendously essential to both the clients and the contractor. It provides the basis for the contractor to submit the tender and allows the parties to highlight the final cost of the project at an early stage. Essentially it is used for planning the entire project and helps during the execution phase (Akintoye and Fitzgerald, 2000). It has been pointed out that the building cost of the project usually differs from the estimated final cost and this is due to the variations (Oberlender and Trost,
The Government of Mongolia is preparing to introduce public administration reforms based on the New Zealand experience of contract relationship between resources used and outputs purchased. However, there is a question mark about Mongolia’s capacity to implement such reforms and wet...
(2014) deduced that procurement performance can be assessed by focusing ondelivery,flexibility, quality, cost and technology. Optimal performance attainment is dependent onhow current suppliers`relationships aremanaged so asto ensure constant availability of needed quality supplies at the organization. This will ensure that sourced materials are indeed procured at the right costand atthe right time. Procurement performancestrives toenable improvements in the procurement process at the organizationso as to improve on qualitydelivery of firm products and servicesatleast possible time and
The practice of outsourcing jobs is not a new concept. People have been outsourcing jobs for decades. Some people even offshore outsource jobs. There are many opinions to offshore outsourcing based on how it influences the economy. Some people are in favor of outsourcing jobs and some people are against outsourcing jobs. People need to get educated about the great impacts that offshore outsourcing does to an economy. The global economy has started to thrive and offshore outsourcing has profited the consumers as companies want to cut costs and competition, which is why I support offshore outsourcing jobs to foreign countries.