Organizations are defined as a group of people which are structured and managed to accomplish things and reach collective goals. Regardless of the size of an organization, they have several common characteristics. These characteristics are a coordination of effort, a common objective or purpose, a division of labor, and a formal organizational structure. (Cassidy & Krietner, 2010) As long as there has been work to do, there has been an organizational structure to make sure that it gets done in the way that it was planned. Some organizations are small so that a simpler structure with face-to-face communication works best. In this type of organization a formal structure is not necessary. In larger organizations, decisions have to be made, so a structure is created to assign responsibilities and delegate tasks. In an organization of any size or complexity, employees' responsibilities are typically defined by their role and their reporting relationship. These definitions are assigned to positions in the organization rather than to specific individuals. (Fisher, 2000) Although the titles given to the positions, and the roles assigned to the people holding those titles may have changed over the years or been modified because of the type of organization, there are still essential roles that need to be filled in order to complete the work. In any type of organization which produces a product or service, there are architects and engineers that put the design or dream, developed by those who envision or invent, on paper as a map for managers to follow. It’s hard to believe that as early as the 1700’s, a book was written and published that designed some of the same organizational components that ha... ... middle of paper ... ...s. Boston: South-Western Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9780618862139 DuBrin, A.J. (2004) Applying psychology individual & organizational effectiveness (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 0-13-097115-4 Fisher, K. (2000) Leading self-directed work teams: A guide to developing new team leadership skills. New York: McGraw-Hill ISBN 0-07-134924-3 Hammer, M. & Champy, J. (2001). Reengineering the corporation. New York:HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-055953-5 Linder, W. (1969). How industrial unionism was won: The great sit down strike against GM 1936-37. Retrieved from: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rgibson/flintstrike.html Manis, J. (2005). An inquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of nations by Adam Smith. Retrieved from: http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/adam-smith/wealth-nations.pdf
In this task I would be giving a diagrammatic representation of the organisational structure of my chosen organisation: Marks and Spencer and The British Heart Foundation. This report will include the functional areas and how these areas are dependent upon each other. I would also be describing how these business organisations are organised to achieve their purpose.
In the Humanistic Tradition the author, Gloria Fiero introduces Adam smith as a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith also known as the Father of Political economy, is best known for one of his two classic works An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations. Fiero looks at Smith’s work because the division of labor is important. One thing Smith thinks is even more important for creating a wealthy nation, is to interact and have open trade with different countries. Fiero states,“It is necessary, though very slow and gradual, consequence of a certain propensity in human nature which has in view no such extensive utility; the propensity to truck, barter,
Adam Smith, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (London: 1776), 190-91, 235-37.
Smith, Adam. 1981 [1776]. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis, Indiana: Liberty Press.
Smith, A. (2005). AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS. Hazleton: A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION. (Original work published 1776)
Smith's Influential work, The Wealth of Nations, was written based on the help with the country’s economy who bases it off his book. Smith’s book was mainly written on how inefficient mercantilism was...
Smith, Adam. "CHAPTER XI OF THE RENT OF LAND." An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Oxford: Clarendon, 1976. 161. Print.
Smith, A. (1991). The Wealth of Nations. In A. Smith, The Wealth of Nations. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
In modern days, organizational architecture plays a key role in order to allow companies to get success in the market. Organizational architecture, also known as organizational structure, defines as a structure that where the specific company whether works roles, decision making or responsibility are centralized, delegated or coordinated. The organizational structure also identify how the information from level to level within the company. IKEA is one of the international famous firms that designs and produces home furniture such as bed frames and desks. The company also is the leader in retailing furniture and has become the largest furniture retailer over the globe.
Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations - The Natural Order is Driven by Man’s Self-interest
and other resources needed to achieve goals. Organizing activities include attracting people to the organization, specifying job responsibilities, grouping job into work units, marshaling and allocating resources, and creating conditions so that people and things work together to achieve maximum success (Bateman & Snell, 2011). When a company is able to successfully organize each portion of their business, they will then be able to maintain a strong foundation. A company that has managed to be successful through its well use of organization is that of General Electric Company. They have what it is called a ‘flat’ structure in which everyone becomes equal (Clawson, 2012). General Electric used to have 29 levels, but today it has only a handful of layers (Bateman & Snell, 2011).
Although this view has undergone considerable modification by economists in the light of historical developments since Smith’s time, many sections of The Wealth of Nations notably those relating to the sources of income and the nature of capital, have continued to form the basis of theoretical study of the field of political economy. The Wealth of Nations has also served as a guide to the formulation of governmental economic policies.
Adam Smith’s economic genius presented in The Wealth of Nations is stimulating because it proves that the economy is constantly changing, but is founded upon basic principles that consistently remain the same. One theme that is regularly reiterated in Smith’s The Wealth of Nations is that each country’s economy plays an important role in the global economy. For example, the idea of the division of labor and trade specialization suggests that each country should utilize its’ resources and citizens’ expertise in order to maximize productivity and gain through trade with other countries. It does not make sense for a country produce a product more expensively when it can simply trade with another country. In addition, the concepts of the invisible
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Organizational structure indicates to how the work of employees and teams within an organization is coordinated. In order to obtain organizational goals, individual work needs to be coordinated and managed. Structure is an important instrument in obtaining coordination, as it appoints reporting relations (who reports to whom), designs formal communication channels, and portray how different actions of individuals are linked together.