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When looking at a family as a communion of people working together, the next step would be to somewhat dissect a traditional family and look at the parts of it. The head of the family is the parents or the parental figure; whoever is the authority of the family. In the traditional family, the father and the mother have different jobs but come together as one to love and care for the infant. Through the intimacy of the mother and child during pregnancy, the two form a special relationship. The father forms a special relationship as he protects the child, offering him a sense of safety, and acting as one with the mother in caring for the infant. However, because of this close bond between the parents and the infant, this causes a more engaged …show more content…
The observers would watch tapes of infants interacting with their mothers and another tape with strangers, and then they would watch the mother with their infant and a stranger with an infant. The observers would take note of the infant’s gazes, smiles, vocalizations, touch, and fussing. This experiment’s results were as follows: “The period of 2-6 months is a crucial time in the development of mother-infant relations, the time that spans infants’ emergence of social responsiveness to the blossoming of the attachment of relationship...Mother-infant interaction becomes increasingly distinguishable from stranger interaction and more characterized by active dyadic engagement.” Therefore we see that the maternal relationship is significant and is set apart from relationships from a stranger. Because this relationship is so strong between the mother and her child, it is necessary for the mother to love and engage with infant, so that the infant has the potential to give this love back. While these studies apply to traditional families and the ways that this communion of persons should flourish, it is important to understand that not all families are composed of mother, father, and child. There are times in life when a family only consists of mother and child, or father and child. Other times, a family may include a grandmother, aunt, or an adoptive parent who …show more content…
Sometimes a child will come home and explain that their friend acts a certain way and it bothers them. Parents usually console their child by explaining that the friend could be having family problems and could be having trouble at home. A study was done by Dr. Cicchetti who is a leader in the fields of developmental psychology and psychopathology. The study he implemented was done between children who are neglected and abused, and children who are not. Through this study, it was determined that children who are maltreated do not have different standards of behavior in comparison to children who are not maltreated. However, the children who were maltreated have an enhanced social sensitivity because they learn to monitor the behavior of adults and are more exposed to naturally occurring parental anger. Chicchetti confirms through his study that social actions are constructed from social experience. Therefore it is important to take into consideration the family when judging the actions of the child, because the experience of a child’s family can affect the way their cognition is developed and therefore affect the way they respond in social situations. It would be wrong to say that a child who is neglected is not capable of reaching the goal of sainthood. A family should fulfill the material, spiritual, and cognitive needs of an infant. When a child is not given these
Families are becoming more diverse and they come in all shapes and sizes. Some people consider families to be strictly biological, while others consider people they love to be their family. Although two-parent families, also known as a nuclear family are the majority, one-parent families are becoming more common in today’s society. A sole-parent is considered to be a parent without a partner or spouse who is the primary care giver of one or more children in a household (Ministry of Social Development, 2010). From the age of 14 onward I was raised by m...
The results of the study claimed that the attachments developed over time and goes through four stages. From birth to six weeks it’s the Pre-attachment or Indiscriminate phase, the infants respond to all stimuli in the same ways and so does not have certain attachments or preferences about who they were with, towards the end of the stage the child begins to show a preference for social stimuli (e.g. smiling). Between six weeks to six months it’s the Discriminating phase, they become extremely sociable with anybody, cl...
An infant’s initial contact with the world and their exploration of life is directly through the parent/ primary caregiver. As the child grows, learns, and develops, a certain attachment relationship forms between them and the principle adult present in this process. Moreover, this attachment holds huge implications concerning the child’s future relationships and social successes. Children trust that their parental figure will be there; as a result, children whom form proper attachments internalize an image of their world as stable, safe, and secure. These children will grow independent while at the same time maintaining a connection with their caregivers. (Day, 2006). However, when a child f...
The “strange situation” is a laboratory assessment used to measure infants’ attachment to their mothers through observation, by providing a series’ of experiences of introductions to a stranger, separations from mother and then the reunion of the two. The “strange situation” measures the infants’ attachment in being securely to insecurely attached with the mother. The scene of the experiment is set up in a small room with mother, child and stranger, they will then follow a prescribed order of the series listed above. At first it’s only mother and child, and then the stranger joins the room. The mother tends to the child briefly and then leaves the room, leaving the child with the stranger. The child then expresses distress to a certain extent – depending on the degree of secure attachment to the mother – upon the mother’s departure and cries in calling the mother back. The mother returns and stranger leaves. The next step is then that the mother leaves the child completely alone, and when child then cries in a call for them to come back, the stranger will return instead of the mother, this is an important part of the experiment in order to determine the child’s attachment. It gets determined whether or not the child will return to a calm state of mind with the calming of the stranger. The mother will finally return to the child again and stranger will leave as the experiment and observation
The home visit lasted approximately two hours and was conducted by two female observers. One observer assessed the infant using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development while the other observer observed the mother as she completed the Attachment Q set. The mother was also interviewed so the observer could collect the family’s demographic information as well as the infant’s developmental history and health history. The infant played while the observers were collecting the information from the mother. The mother was also observed while her attention was divided between the observer and her child. The classifications for the mothers were either secure, avoidant, or ambivalent. If a mother was classified as secure, her response was prompt and effective when her infant signaled for reassurance. These infants show they are comforted by their mothers. The mothers who are in avoidant relationships tend to be unresponsive to signals from their infant. The infant will tend to be more social with the visitor instead of his/her mother. The mother tends to be more focused on the visitor; therefore, their infant is more engaged with the visitor or exploring further away from their mother. A mother in an ambivalent relationship may be unpredictable. The mother can be either responsive or non-responsive to their infants’ signals. Ambivalent mothers may appear overprotective and their infant may seem irritable because they are seeking contact with their mother. The infant is unable to explore to far from their mother. The mothers and their infants were observed within two weeks of the home visit under the Ainsworth Strange Situation. The results yielded that secure infants reunited with their mothers and then returned to play; avoidant infants ignored their mothers at first; and ambivalent infants were upset when they were reunited with their mothers. Six
(Early infant attachment is an important phenomena to study as it is connected to later child development). Early infant attachment is linked to cognitive, social, and emotional development (Pallini, Baiocco, Schneider, Madigan, & Atkinson, 2014). These three developmental aspects are significant in one’s later mental process capabilities, the relationships formed later in life, as well as their psychological stability. The attachments formed with caregivers in infancy are vital. Bowlby stated, “It is our first relationship, usually with our mother, that much of our future well-being is determined” (O’Gorman, 2012). It’s crucial for a child’s development to look at parenting styles and early infant attachment classifications which are made to caregivers. Most research focuses around mother-infant attachment making little known about the relationships made with fathers.
It has been proposed that infant attachment styles do not change after the first year of life, the following essay will argue against this prompt in that ones attachment style will change continuously throughout life. Attachment theory is based on the joint work of Bowlby and Ainsworth (Bretherton, 1992). In recent years the idea of ‘attachment’ has become and increasingly popular debate within developmental psychology (Bretherton, 1992). Attachment theory provides an explanation on how parent and child relationships are formed and the important role they play in child development. However majority of the research into attachment has focused on identifying the stability of attachment rather then identifying the possible insatiability of
Infant attachment is the first relationship that occurs between infants and their mothers or other primary caregivers (Craig & Dunn, 2010). The mother-infant attachment begins at birth and is considered by a group of...
The attachment style that a child endures with their mother initially begins before the child is even born. In the mother’s womb, the infant becomes aware of their mother and father’s voices, where they begin to develop a bond with them and feel nurtured and comforted by the things they hear their parents sing and speak to them. According to Bowlby, the development of attachment takes place in four different phases and are reinforced as they grow older from the Preattachment (birth to age 6 weeks), attachment-in-the-making (age 6 weeks to 8 months), clear cut attachment (between 8 months to 1 ½ years of age) and the reciprocal relationship (from 1 ½ or 2 and on). As the child grows older, then begin to understand their parent’s feelings and motives and are able to organize their efforts and reciprocate the same i...
Infant attachment is the first relationship a child experiences and is crucial to the child’s survival (BOOK). A mother’s response to her child will yield either a secure bond or insecurity with the infant. Parents who respond “more sensitively and responsively to the child’s distress” establish a secure bond faster than “parents of insecure children”. (Attachment and Emotion, page 475) The quality of the attachment has “profound implications for the child’s feelings of security and capacity to form trusting relationships” (Book). Simply stated, a positive early attachment will likely yield positive physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development for the child. (BOOK)
As a child growing up, there were times I would feel my mother would be out to just make
She discovered that when a bond between a mother and a child are broken, the child has a chance of having developmental challenges. In order to discover this, Ainsworth created an assessment technique called the Strange Situation Classification. This would investigate how the bonds between children and their parents varied. The procedure was used to observe the behavior of infants from 12-18 months and comprised of 8 stages, about 3 minutes each: 1) The mother, baby, and experimenter in the room, 2) the baby and the mother alone, 3) a stranger joins the mother and baby, 4) the mother leaves the baby with the stranger, 5) the mother returns and the stranger leaves, 6) the mother leaves the infant alone, 7) the stranger returns to the room, and 8) the mother returns and the stranger leaves. The result of the experiment was the identification of three main attachment styles: secure, insecure avoidant, and insecure ambivalent. This research allowed Ainsworth to conclude that the more “sensitive” a mother is to her child’s feelings and needs, the more securely attached her children are. If a mother were to ignore or lose patience with a child, the child would likely be insecurely attached. This means that the child would either be physically and emotionally independent or would display clingy behavior, but show rejection when communicating. Evidently, this breakthrough was an accomplishment that would bring bigger opportunities for
A family might include anyone related by blood or by adoption such as: step parents, grandparents acting as parents, and even brothers and sisters sharing the same household. However, worldwide “the family is regarded as the most ba...
There are many types of family that exists in today’s society, each important to the upbringing of any children of which may be apart of it.
Everyone is born into some form of family, with the family taking the responsibility of nurturing, teaching the norms or accepted behaviors within the family structure and within society. There are many types of families, which can be described as a set of relationships including parents and children and can include anyone related by blood or adoption. Family is the most important, “for it is within the family that the child is first socialized to serve the needs of the society and not only its own needs” (Goode, 1982).