Essay On Microbial Production Of Vitamins

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Microbial production of vitamins-
To fulfill the increasing worldwide demand and to reduce the cost of vitamins different group of researchers are using different microorganisms for the production of vitamins like vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin B2 and vitamin D. Here in this review I have mentioned some of them which are producing good yield of vitamins.
Vitamin B12-
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is having great worldwide demand due to its important role in growth and metabolism of the living cell.
J. Manjunathan et.al (2010)[1] have used different strains of Pseudomonads which was isolated from the sago waste. In their research they have taken eighteen samples, which was producing vitamin B12 among them three sample synthesized higher yield of Vitamin B12 about 0 .748(180m l/ml), 0.682(164ml/ml) and 0.663(162ml/ml). In this experiment Propionibacterium freudenreichii was used as a control strain which yielded 4.63mg/ml of vitamin B12. As a result of this research they come to know that 62.5% of phosphate solubilizing bacteria which was isolated from rhizosphere soil was able to produce vitamin B12.
Streptomyces which is one of the few microorganisms which produces significant amount of vitamin B12. (Hall et al, 1950) [2], was used by another group of researchers (P.Selvakumar et.al)(2012)[3]. They have isolated it from natural marine environment, in this research they got a good concentration of vitamin B12 range from 1.9μg to 45.3μg per ml. Among different 15 strains of Streptomyces, Streptomyces rochei produced maximum amount of Vitamin B12 (45.3 μg per ml).
Apart from vitamin B12 microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces produces a large no. of bioactive compounds which are used in pharmaceutical and food industries, in biote...

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...-KLGA three different kind of methods have been used by researchers, In first method which is known as Single-strain processes, strains which belong to genera Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, Ketogulonicigenium, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Corynebacterium have been used. (Urbance et al., 2001[11]; Sugisawa et al., 1990[12]; Sonoyamaet al., 1982[13]; Isono et al., 1968[14]). , In the second method mixture of cultures have been used by different researchers (Xu et al., 2004[15]; Nogami et al., 1987[16]), In this method they have used two stage fermentation process in which d-glucose is oxidized to 2,5-diketod-gluconate by Erwinia or Acetobacter strains in the first step while in second step 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate is converted in to 2-KLGA by a strain Corynebacterium. Sonoyama et al. (1982)[17] and in the third method genetically engineered strain have been used[10].

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