1.5 Classification of magnetic materials
The wide variety of magnetic materials can be sharply divided into three groups: Soft magnetic materials (easy to magnetize and demagnetize) Hard magnetic materials (hard to magnetize and demagnetize) Semi-hard magnetic materials
The soft magnetic materials have the characteristic feature of high permeability, and it is chiefly this flux-multiplying power of magnetically soft materials that fits them for their job in machines and devices.
Hard magnetic materials are made into permanent magnets. Here a high coercivity is a primary requirement because a permanent magnet once magnetized, must be able to resist the demagnetizing action of stray fields, including its own.
Semi-hard magnets can be regarded as a special category of permanent magnets which are used for analog and digital magnetic recording.
1.5.1 Soft magnetic materials
Soft
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These alloys are used for applications which require magnets in the form of strips, rods and wires or those required for the production of stamped-bent and machined parts.
Semi hard material includes MAGNETOFLEX, SENSORVAC and SEMIVAC.
MAGNETOFLEX refers to permanent magnetic alloy that is composed of Cobalt, Iron and Vanadium. The typical applications of this form of alloy are motors, compass needles and tachometers.
SENSORVAC and SEMIVAC is cobalt-free alloy composed of Iron and Nickel. They are manufactured in the form of tape and wire and used in Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) systems.
1.6 Magnetic anisotropy
Magnetic anisotropy is defined as the directional dependence of the magnetic properties for materials. Strong easy-axis anisotropy is a prerequisite for hard magnetism while near-zero anisotropy is desirable for soft magnets. Generally, the tendency for magnetization to lie along an easy axis is represented by the energy density
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