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Experience of indentured in colonial times
Rise of indentured servants
Rise of indentured servants
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Recommended: Experience of indentured in colonial times
Indentured servitude was the solution for inexpensive labor. Colonists realized that they had an abundance of land to attend to, but they didn’t have anyone to take care of it. The expense of the passage to the Colonies weighed heavy on the poor or lower class, but not the wealthy upper class. In an effort to attract laborers for working the land the Virginia Company came up with a system called indentured servitude. This system became an important aspect of the colonial economic system. Many skilled and unskilled workers were without work due to the economic decline in Europe resulting from the Thirty Years war. Indentured servitude presented many of those workers with hope for a brighter future than they would otherwise have achieved. The early immigrants who journeyed from England to the American Colonies consisted of nearly two thirds of the total amount of indentured servants. In exchange for passage, room, board, lodging and “freedom dues” they typically worked as indentured servants for 4 to 7 years. Although this life was harsh and restrictive, it wasn’t analogous to slavery. There were laws in place to protect the rights of the indentured servants. Initially, in 1619, when the first black Africans came to Virginia there were no slave laws were in place. They were treated similar to indentured servants. They were
In contrast to the indentured servants who were free after a contracted period of indenture, the slaves posed no economic threat to landowners. Contrary to ethnic European laborers the Africans possessed an obvious racial distinction from the Europeans making escape almost impossible. It was more difficult for slaves to escape and blend into the surrounding population because of the color of their
Though African slaves who were labeled as indentured had a chance at freedom and to eventually have their own land, they were not treated nearly as well as the white slaves. It is confirmed just by the records that have been seen from early Jamestown. In the records the white indentured slaves are not only listed by full name but they have ages, arrival dates, and the ship that they arrived on. Whereas the African slaves are only listed by “negro man” or “negro woman.” Very few of the africans had arrival dates or their ship listed because they were not considered
They preferred African slaves to European or Native American slaves because they "could be held for unlimited terms, and there was no means by which word of harsh or arbitrary treatment could reach their homelands" (Wood, 43). The ability of the Englishmen to hold slaves for an unlimited amount of time and to use any methods of punishment gave them all the power. The indentured servant only worked to fulfill the previous contract as part of the headright system. Colonists "complained of the 'servants that dayley become free"(41). Since the servants had varying terms of service, it made it difficult to keep enough workers. Native Americans were cheap and did not have to be imported, but knew the land better than the Englishmen and could easily escape. There was also a language barrier and they died relatively quick, which made them not worth the investment. This shows some insight into how the African population started to become
By the 18th century, Pennsylvania was becoming home for American Development. Many people that were drawn to Pennsylvania were servants whether, for sometimes 4 years or however long, it took to pay off debt for their travel across the Atlantic. If they weren’t servant, they were slaves who almost had no chance of freedom. Servants had a chance to become free after paying off their debts with work, but not the same for slaves.
A Leon Higginbotham Jr.’s argument in The Ancestry of Inferiority (1619-1662), is that the people of Virginia had already began to think of black people, be it they were free or indentured servants, as inferior to themselves before slavery was institutionalized. The Colonist’s had already begun to strategize legalities in regards on how black people were to be disciplined. Higginbotham has two reasons why Africans were not afforded the same liberties as that of the white indentured servants in Virginia. The first reason he states is that the majority of white indentured servants came to Virginia on their own free will. Once they had completed their five or seven-year contract with their master, they were free to buy land and begin working for themselves. Unlike the African’s that he claims were brought here against their will or for desperation. The second reasoning is that the English thought that the black represented evil or danger and because African’s skin coloring was black, they must be evil. Higginbotham offers a couple of examples representing just how the English prior to the actual term of slavery being used, were already creating a racial difference in the judicial system. From court cases that he has reviewed, he states one must find what the case is not saying verses what it is. When the English identified people with names the only time skin color was not used in context is when that person was a white person. Another case he made use of is a good example of black inferiority to white superiority in the early 17th century is in the case In Re Graweere, 1641. The court made certain that a particular African father had no value in society when attempting to get his child back. However, because his son was...
There are other factors that far more important than color of one’s skin. “Property, even a few cows or pigs, provided legal and social identity in this society” (Myne Owne Ground, 17). Therefore, Anthony Johnson and other successful free Black men have a better status and social identity than those White men serving their term as indenture servants. The testimony from Virginia Court Record of a white woman, Katherine Watkind, and John Long, a Negro, supports that there were no extreme discrimination between colors yet. Katherine Watkind claims that neighbor’s slave rapped her in the wood. However, the witnesses, a group of white and black men, say that Katherine initiates this event “soe she tooke him about the necke and kissed him” (Reading the American Past, 46). It seems like Black slaves and white servants are united as a group. They probably come to drink and enjoy their social life together behind their master. However, this kind of bonding is what the colonial elites fear the most –might overturn their master. Black and White Virginians on the eastern shore experience relative equality for much of the seventeenth century because it was a multiracial conservational with “blurred and constantly shifting “ racial boundaries, and that whites and blacks
During the 1600’s people began to look for different types of work in the new world. As cash crops, such as tobacco, indigo, and rice, were growing in the South, there became a need for labor. This got the attention of convicts, debtors, and other people looking for new opportunities and money. Indentured servitude was vastly growing during the 17th and 18th centuries. Approximatively 10 million men, women, and children were moved to the new world. Women during this time found themselves being sold to men for these cash crops. A commonly used term during this time for these women was tobacco brides. Almost 7.7 million of the slaves captured and moved to the new world were African Americans. Slaves and indentured servants had it rough for
The use of labor came in two forms; indenture servitude and Slavery used on plantations in the south particularly in Virginia. The southern colonies such as Virginia were based on a plantation economy due to factors such as fertile soil and arable land that can be used to grow important crops, the plantations in the south demanded rigorous amounts of labor and required large amounts of time, the plantation owners had to employ laborers in order to grow crops and sell them to make a profit. Labor had become needed on the plantation system and in order to extract cheap labor slaves were brought to the south in order to work on the plantations. The shift from indentured servitude to slavery was an important time as well as the factors that contributed to that shift, this shift affected the future generations of African American descent. The history of colonial settlements involved altercations and many compromises, such as Bacons Rebellion, and slavery one of the most debated topics in the history of the United States of America. The different problems that occurred in the past has molded into what is the United States of America, the reflection in the past provides the vast amount of effort made by the settlers to make a place that was worth living on and worth exploring.
Virginia had begun to make laws, which defined slaves as property.
There are many aspects contributing to the rise of slavery and decline of indentured servitude. The beginning of slavery started when Columbus invaded Hispaniola and enslaved the Arawaks . This was the first time people thought to enslave people against their will for labor. Hard labor and diseases nearly killed off their race, essentially concluding that they were no longer available candidates for labor. Indentured servitude was used as bait to lure people into enslavement and eventually began to fade due to multiple historical events, such as The Bacon Rebellion . African Americans became an easy target because they were less prone to diseases and their bodies were capable of such intense and difficult labor. As slavery began to rise in popularity certain laws were passed through Congress that supported slavery.
The role of an indentured servant in the 1700s was not a glamorous one. They came to the New World knowing that, for a time, they would be slaves for someone they did not know and the risk of disease and death was high, but the opportunity that laid ahead of them after their time of servitude was worth everything to these settlers of the New World. They came to America for the same reasons as all of the other settlers. Religious freedom, land, wealth, and a new start were motives for both settlers and indentured servants but the one thing separating most settlers from the indentured servants was that they could afford their voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Indentured servants couldn’t buy their ticket to the New World, but that didn’t stop
The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated differently from the white servants and by 1740 the slavery system in colonial America was fully developed.
The slave trade into the United States began in 1620 with the sale of nineteen Africans to a colony called “Virginia”. These slaves were brought to America on a Dutch ship and were sold as indentured slaves. An Indentured slave is a person who has an agreement to serve for a specific amount of time and will no longer be a servant once that time has passed, they would be “free”. Some indentured slaves were not only Africans but poor or imprisoned whites from England. The price of their freedom did not come free.
Indentured Servants helped the colonies progress their population. England at the time was over populated, and jobs were hard to find. So many people that could not afford the boat trip over to America offered themselves as to be an indentured servant for a period of time. This contractual term can last from between four to seven years. Many colonists preferred having indentured servants over slaves, cause they also helped ward off Native Americans from attacking settlers. The one big draw back of indentured servant was that they usually did not make it pass the first year of their contract.
The idea that the category of one’s property extends to and includes indentured servants and/or slaves was a popular, widespread belief in colonial times. Personal identity and most, if not all, human rights were stripped at the hands of one’s “owner,” as they were no longer a person of their own free will but an object belonging to someone of a perceived “higher standing.” However, while conditions for indentured servants and slaves hold many similarities, there were also distinct differences pertaining to skin color. In Michael P. Johnson’s Reading the American Past, documents 1-4: “Aristotle on Masters and Slaves,” 5-1: “Elizabeth Ashbridge Becomes an Indentured Servant in New York,” and 5-4: “Advertisements for Runaway Slaves,” all highlight
Most people back then believed that being an indentured servant wasn’t worth it because freedom was important. Many also argue that coming to the colonies is an amazing opportunity no matter how you get there. Although, I do believe that both sides make a good point I think that if you have the chance to come to the colonies that you should take it, even if it means that you have to be an indentured servant. Ultimately, I will explain to you why I believe that you should go to the colonies instead of staying in England where who knows what could happen to you.