Hope theory defines Hope as; an individual’s perceived capacity to apply agential thinking and find motivation to implement strategies for achieving goals. Snyder’s research investigated cognitive thinking and the brain’s purpose of anticipating and comprehending causal sequences, proposing that cognition forms the foundation of hope; a way of thinking, including important contributions from emotions. Goals, agency and pathways are central concepts in Hope theory, emphasizing enduring, cross-situational, situational goal-directed thoughts, or a combination of the three. Goals include positive “approach” goals and goals that may prevent or delay negative goal outcomes, varying in duration, from short to long term. Agency thinking, a motivational …show more content…
component of hope, involving self-appraisal, supersedes specific goal related thoughts. Agential thinking encompasses an individual’s ability to produce mental representations of themselves and the environment, while linking the past, the present, and imagined futures. Snyder considered thoughts related to capacities for producing pathways towards goals, and acquiring motivation, as enduring. Self-talk agency phrases and self-referential thoughts are deployed by individuals to produce the mental energy to commence and progress towards a goal. If impediments are encountered, agency thinking channels motivation to alternate pathways. Essential to hopeful thought, agency thinking and pathways elicit goal-directed behaviors, as they are both iterative and additive, feeding off each other during the goal pursuit sequence. Outcome is emphasised in hope theory, expressly addressing how positive and negative emotions emerge. The Elaborated Hope Model (including instruments for The Trait Hope Scale, accounting for individual difference; the State Hope Scale, indicating present state of mind; and the Children’s Hope Scale) describes the mechanisms of an interrelated system for goal-directed thinking containing both feedback and feed-forward emotion.
Findings consistently related higher hope to better outcomes in physical health, psychological adjustment, psychotherapy, athletics and academics. Individual combinations of pathways demonstrate different degrees of robustness between high and low-hope persons. Individuals with high degrees of hope are adept at exploring plausible alternate routes, whereas, low-hope individuals are less flexible and unlikely to produce alternate routes. The positive psychology model demonstrates benefits, from tracing the source of positive emotion, as theory applied in therapy suggests emotions are the key to locating underlying sources of feelings. Snyder suggested positive emotions usually flow from perceptions of successful goal pursuit and overcoming problems, finding consistent support for positive emotions occurring in both unimpeded and impeded circumstances. Future research is encouraged in regard to human strengths engendering hope and how people rebound from problem exposure. Snyder viewed Hope as critical for enhancing quality of life and predicting positive outcomes. If the premise of hope were applied, it would allow more people to experience the full range of goal pursuits in
life.
Death. Only two things are certain in life, death, and taxes. As the Human condition is concerned death is directly related to mortality. Mortality is in a sense the focus of all human existence. In most cases, the human mind inadvertently neglects this concept. In the true depth of mortality is hidden behind a shroud of humor. In the inquisitive, the brain creates a logical fallacy to cope with the concept. The basis of the human condition is mortality. The main points of the human condition are birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality. Birth, growth, and aspiration all stem from the concept of mortality.
“Hope is defined as the action of wishing or desiring that something will occur.” Hope helps people move forward in life to see what’s coming next for them. For example, “I had no right to let myself die. What would he do without me? I was his sole support” (Wiesel, “Night”.) This quote explains the effects of hope in a pitiful situation. Eliezer Wiesel and his father were torn apart, mentally and physically from everything they
Most people hope the world is the way they believe it is. That is, most people hope that their view of the world is right. They usually do not hope for the truth about things to be much better than what they suppose it is. Sometimes the hope is a factor in causing the belief; sometimes the hope stems from the desire to be right about one's belief; and in some cases the hope may follow the belief, i.e., one becomes accustomed even to an austere view of the world and finally comes to prefer it. It seems that most people, especially most philosophers, would rather be right than have the world turn out to be even a better place than their theory allows. They might not admit this outright, but one sees in their writings no signs that they hope they are wrong and the world is better than they have supposed; one never sees them say: ``This is a somewhat grim view I have proposed, and I hope very much that I am wrong, but I am driven to this view by solid considerations''. The late A. J. Ayer is reported to have said shortly before his death that he certainly hoped that death would be the end of him, in spite of having had a ``near death experience'' which had ``slightly'' shaken his disbelief in survival. It is hard to know why anyone would hope for annihilation.
What is the director ultimately saying about the ways in which hope affects the individual?
Hope has the incredible ability to make or break someone. People are always told to make large goals in school and employment, and try to reach those ambitions no matter how far they are. Hope is the motivation behind accomplishing dreams, but it also has the ability to break people who have hoped for something so desperately, yet never came to fruition. Only determination and personal situations can persuade hope to fly or fall. A Northern Light by Jennifer Donnelly highlights this ambiguous hope we depend on through the use of symbolism, characterization, and inner conflict.
Throughout history, humanity has found a guide. It can be seen as many things, a light at the end of the tunnel, a force pushing one forward, or even a lifeline. There are many ways to describe such a concept but, it can be simplified down to one word, hope. Hope can be defined in many different ways but, most widely can be defined as a feeling of expectation or desire for a certain thing to happen. In life and literature, hope can be the most powerful force in a person's life.
Is There Evidence for the View that We Have an Unrealistically Optimistic View of Ourselves? And To What Extent Does Such a Positive Self-View Makes for a Better Life?
The definition of hope, a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen. Many people today are running out of hope. Running out of hope for our country, out of hope for peace. But some are still hanging on. Hope gives people motivation to work hard. Hope gives people a light to look on ahead to. Examples of hope motivating people can be seen in Of Mice & Men (by John Steinbeck), peaceful protests and in real world situations.
It has become widely accepted that optimism serves as a predictor of positive health outcomes (Rasmussen, H., Scheier, M., & Greenhouse, J., 2009). One particular study assessed the role of optimism and pessimism in children and adolescents. This study revealed the importance of developing optimism in children as it serves as a protective factor, not just in daily life hassles, but in medical complications as well. Furthermore, having an optimistic outlook on the future serves as a predictor of better medication and medical treatment adherence in children and adolescence with chronic illnesses. The development of an optimistic mindset development in childhood is particularly important in that it also serves to promote adult well-being (Ey et al., 2004). An additional study assessed the roles of optimism and pessimism on mental health and physical health. The findings from this study emphasize the importance of optimism on mental and physical well-being, which is particularly important for understanding the role of optimism in chronic illnesses, such as HIV
The simple notion that they can achieve something they want allows people to keep finding ways to advance themselves so that they can reach what they want. It also allows people to push themselves so that they can not be complacent with where they are, and show that they are hungry for more success and show that failure is not an option for them. The same study showed that the level of hope for a person can affect their mental health dramatically. They have noticed that people with lower levels of hope have shown weaker work ethics, less social interaction, strong signs of depression, and some have even reported thoughts of suicide.
Optimistic. Confident about the future. Many people may designate this term to describe me. On the outside, I try to appear this way; whereas on the inside, I am the exact opposite. My “optimism” is something I display to make others content, so they expect an ideal outcome. We live in a sinister world, so I conceal my pessimism and attempt to bring some positivity into it with my deceiving optimism. In my opinion, it is better to foresee failure, than to expect success and be disappointed. School is a place where my pessimism doubtlessly shines.
In the United States 20% of the adult population report that they are living a flourishing life (Keyes, 2002). However, a high percentage reports feeling as if they are ‘‘stuck’’ or ‘‘want more’’ and are yet not diagnosable with a mental disorder (Fredrickson, 2008). Because happiness has been found to be the source of many desirable life outcomes e.g. career success, marriage, and health, it is of importance to understand, how languishing individuals can reach this ideal state: How can well-being be enhanced and misery reduced (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). Over the past decade, research in the field of positive psychology has emerged to provide evidence-based methods to increase an individual’s psychological well-being, through so called positive psychology interventions (PPI’s). PPI’s are treatment methods or intentional activities used to promote positive feelings or behaviour. PPI’s vary from writing gratitude letters, practicing optimistic thinking and replaying positive experiences. A meta-analysis of 51 independent PPI studies demonstrated significant results in the effectiveness of PPI’s increasing well-being (49 studies; r = .29) (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009).
“’Hope’ is the thing with feathers-“ by Emily Dickinson, “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost, and “Perhaps the World Ends Here” by Joy Harjo, are all poems that use symbols to represent their intended meaning. Each poem also uses literary devices to add some spice and interest to the poem. Symbols and literary devices are both used to represent the themes present in each poem. The biographical information of each author strongly influences the style in which they write and the themes of their poems.
“The failure is the mother of success” this Chinese quote said that failure is not the end. Failure is where people learn from their mistake. People cannot be successful all the time. Indeed, there are many people who learned from their failures before being successful. Each failure that people had met is a helpful lesson and valuable experience to help them become a better person.
The world is made up of optimist and pessimists, and the survival of human beings and our well-being requires a balance between optimism and pessimism. Disproportionate pessimism makes life unbearable; however, too much optimism can advance to dangerously hazardous behaviors. The Optimism and pessimism approach is expecting a positive or negative future outcome, a recognizable way of reasoning is best conceptualized as continuity with many amounts of optimism and pessimism. Successful living requires a great balance between optimism and pessimism. Too much optimism may embolden one to take uncalculated risks that will lead to inadvertent and reckless behaviors, which may conclude in a catastrophe. On the contrary, worrying too much about