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The impact of the great awakening
The impact of the great awakening
The impact of the great awakening
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The Teachings of George Whitefield
George Whitefield was a very important man during the First Great Awakening. He allowed people to believe that they would be forgiven in the eyes of God. He taught people about God’s ability to transform anyone who is weak, insignificant and despised and make them highly useful, world-changing, and life-producing individuals.
To better understand George there should first be an understanding of the First Great Awakening. The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals in the North American British colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. With these revivals, some preachers made themselves known. One of these preachers was George Whitefield. The Great Awakening followed the Enlightenment period in British America. The Enlightenment being a period where science, math, philosophy, and astronomy thrived. The Christian faith teaches the opposite. With that said, empiricism also known as the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience, would be a difficult thing to reconcile. George Whitefield taught people that this was not true and that there was still hope in the eyes of God. In one of his sermons, George said “As God, he satisfied, at the same time that he obeyed and suffered as man; and, being God and man in one person, he wrought out a full, perfect, and sufficient
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righteousness for all to whom it was to be imputed.” What he was saying in this phrase is that God in his three forms as a Father, Son, and Holy Spirit suffered in life and death for sinners who accepted Him. Powerful words like these are what allowed for colonists to find new meaning and comfort in religion. As a fifteen year old George convinced his mother to pull him out of school because he saw no value in education. Even as a young adult, he had a very persuasive quality. Later at the age of seventeen George reconsidered and went to the University of Oxford. While at Oxford George joined a club named “The Holy Club”. The club was a gathering of students dedicated to prayer, fasting, and other spiritual exercises. They called themselves “Methodists” because of the methods they used to promote personal holiness. Through this club he met the Wesley Brothers who through their seriousness and devotion inspired George to go deeper with God and His teachings. This is where the Methodist movement began with George Whitefield and the Wesley brothers as the heads. George was the first in the group to recognize the difference between a legalistic religion and experiencing an inner change through the new birth in Christ. George received ordination as a deacon in the Church of England in 1736 right after receiving his BA. After ordination George immediately began preaching George did not settle as the minister of any parish.
Rather he became an itinerant preacher and evangelist. His first sermon was preached in his home town and his great authority was immediately evident to all who heard. As with many of the world’s greatest people George was mocked by many but, hundreds more were converted as they listened. George Whitefield made his first trip of seven to North America in 1738. He traveled to the newly established colony named Georgia. There he conceived the idea of establishing an orphanage, which he named Bethesda. For the remainder of his life, Whitefield continued to raise money for the
orphanage. George then returned to England, at his arrival Whitefield’s preaching became increasingly popular. Whitefield was known for the dramatic style in which he preached. He engaged everyone and it’s said that he was more of an actor than a preacher. His voice was powerful, which was necessary to be able to reach the large crowds that gathered to hear him. Even in his initial audiences the number of people who gathered exceeded 6,000 to 8,000. Even the famous Benjamin Franklin wrote about George in his journal saying that he estimated Whitefield could be heard clearly by up to thirty thousand people and that “From being thoughtless and indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk through Philadelphia in the evening without hearing Psalms sung in different families of every street.” Whitefield truly lived by the road less traveled. He sought out groups of people whom other ministers had passed over, such as miners in Britain or slaves in Georgia. He was a preacher of extraordinary power and possessed a supreme ability to hold audiences, attracting people from every rank and station in life. His more natural illustrations and more unrehearsed style changed the way American evangelical’s preached. After George churches were packed again, the moral climate was transformed, and the ministry was crowded with converted men. The man who began as a school dropout managed to completely change British America from an unmoral and science driven society to a Godly and believing one. Not only did he change the minds of hundreds of thousands of people but, he also changed the way evangelicals would preach forever.
Ernie Barnes: Research of the Football Artist Ernie Barnes was and still is one of the most popular and well-respected black artists today. Born and raised in Durham, North Carolina, in 1938, during the time the south as segregated, Ernie Barnes was not expected to become a famous artist. However, as a young boy, Barnes would, “often [accompany] his mother to the home of the prominent attorney, Frank Fuller, Jr., where she worked as a [housekeeper]” (Artist Vitae, The Company of Art, 1999). Fuller was able to spark Barnes’ interest in art when he was only seven years old. Fuller told him about the various schools of art, his favorite painters, and the museums he visited (Barnes, 1995, p. 7).
The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, is a classic novel about a sixteen-year-old boy, Holden Caulfield, who speaks of a puzzling time in his life. Holden has only a few days until his expulsion from Pency Prep School. He starts out as the type of person who can't stand "phony" people. He believes that his school and everyone in it is phony, so he leaves early. He then spends three aimless days in New York City. During this time, Holden finds out more about himself and how he relates to the world around him. He believes that he is the catcher in the rye: " I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in a big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What have I to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff..." (173). He briefly enters what he believes is adulthood and becomes a "phony" himself. By the end of the story, Holden realizes he doesn't like the type of person he has become, so he reverts into an idealist; a negative, judgmental person.
Starting in his younger years, Edwards struggled with accepting the Calvinist sovereignty of God. Various circumstances throughout Edward’s own personal life led to him later believing in the sovereignty of God. Jonathan Edwards is known greatly as a key figure in what has come to be called the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s. Fleeing from his grandfather’s original perspective by not continuing his practice of open communion, there was a struggle to maintain that relationship. Edward’s believed that physical objects are only collections of sensible ideas, which gives good reasoning for his strong religious belief system.
Jackie Robinson overcame many struggles in life such as being included in the civil rights movement, facing discrimination, and he achieved being the first black man in major league baseball. He was born on January 31, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia on Hadley Ferry Road. It is a blue-collar town of about 10,000 people. Jackie Robinson became the first black player in the major leagues with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Even though he achieved this major goal he still had trouble getting there. He and his siblings were raised by his single mother. Jackie attended Muir High School and Pasadena Junior College. He was a great athlete and played many sports. He played football, basketball, track, and of course baseball. He left school in 1941, worked as an athletic director and played semiprofessional football for the Honolulu Bears before being drafted to the Army in 1942. While he was in the army he became close friends with Joe Louis. The heavyweight used his popularity to protest about the delayed entry of black soldiers. Two years later he got the honor to be second lieutenant in 1943. After an accident where he refused to sit in the back of an unsegregated bus, military police arrested Robinson. A duty officer requested this and then later he requested that Jackie should be court martialed. Since this happened Jackie was not allowed to be deployed overseas to the World War II. He never saw combat during the war. Jackie left the Army with an honorable discharge.
The main carrier of this revival was George Whitefield, a traveling Methodist preacher from New England. George Whitefield preached around the areas of America and England from the time periods of 1740 through 1770. George Whitefield’s revivals led to many people converting to Christianity, since so many people were converting into Christians, The Great Awakening spread from America to England. George Whitefield was born on December 16th, 1714 in Gloucester, England. George Whitefield’s dad died when he was only two years old. He phenomenally grew up as a normal kid, even though he lost his father at such a young age. When George Whitefield was a child he got a very bad case of measles that left him with squint in his eyes for the rest of his life.
People of all groups, social status, and gender realized that they all had voice and they can speak out through their emotional feels of religion. Johnathan Edwards was the first one to initiate this new level of religion tolerance and he states that, “Our people do not so much need to have their heads filled than, as much as have their hearts touched.” Johnathan Edwards first preach led to more individuals to come together and listen. Than after that individual got a sense that you do not need to be a preacher to preach nor you do not need to preach in a church, you can preach wherever you want to. For the first time, you have different people coming together to preach the gospel. You had African American preaching on the roads, Indian preachers preaching and you had women who began to preach. The Great Awakening challenged individuals to find what church meets their needs spiritually and it also let them know about optional choices instead of one. The Great Awakening helped the American colonies come together in growth of a democratic
For much of the 20th century, African-American citizens had been disenfranchised throughout the South and the entire United States, they were regarded as inferior second-class citizens. Despite efforts to integrate society, the political and economic systems were meant to continue the cycle of oppression against African-Americans, throughout the south and indirectly yet ever present in the north. These laws of segregation, otherwise knows as Jim Crow laws, applied to almost every aspect of southern American society, including sports. During this time period, African-American athletes had to resort to second class organizational leagues to play in, this included the famous baseball player Jackie Robinson. Much of this institutionalized racism
He was a man whose very words struck fear into the hearts of his listeners. Acknowledged as one of the most powerful religious speakers of the era, he spearheaded the Great Awakening. “This was a time when the intense fervor of the first Puritans had subsided somewhat” (Heyrmen 1) due to a resurgence of religious zeal (Stein 1) in colonists through faith rather than predestination. Jonathan Edwards however sought to arouse the religious intensity of the colonists (Edwards 1) through his preaching. But how and why was Edwards so successful? What influenced him? How did he use diction and symbolism to persuade his listener, and what was the reaction to his teachings? In order to understand these questions one must look at his life and works to understand how he was successful. In his most influential sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, Jonathan Edwards’ persuasive language awakened the religious fervor that lay dormant in colonial Americans and made him the most famous puritan minister of the Great Awakening in North America.
The Second Great Awakening swept through the United States during the end of the 18th Century. Charles Grandson Finney was one of the major reasons the Second Great Awakening was such a success. Finney and his contemporaries rejected the Calvinistic belief that one was predetermined by go God to go to heaven or hell, and rather preached to people that they need to seek salvation from God themselves, which will eventually improve society has a whole. Finney would preach at Revivals, which were emotional religious meetings constructed to awaken the religious faith of people. These meetings were very emotional and lasted upwards of five days. Revivalism had swept through most of the United States by the beginning of the 19th Century. One of the most profound revivals took place in New York. After the great revival in New York Charles Finney was known ...
In the early 1700's spiritual revivalism spread rapidly through the colonies. This led to colonists changing their beliefs on religion. The great awakening was the level to which the revivalism spread through the colonists. Even with this, there was still religious revivalism in the colonies. One major reason for the Great Awakening was that it was not too long before the revolution. The great awakening is reason to believe that William G Mcloughlin's opinion and this shows that there was a cause to the American Revolution.
The Great Awakening was a superior event in American history. The Great Awakening was a time of revivalism that expanded throughout the colonies of New England in the 1730’s through the 1740’s. It reduced the importance of church doctrine and put a larger significance on the individuals and their spiritual encounters. The core outcome of the Great Awakening was a revolt against controlling religious rule which transferred over into other areas of American life. The Great Awakening changed American life on how they thought about and praised the divine, it changed the way people viewed authority, the society, decision making, and it also the way they expressed themselves. Before the Great Awakening life was very strict and people’s minds were
In essence, the Great Awakening was a religious awakening. It started in the South. Tent camps were set up that revolve around high spirited meetings that would last for days. These camp meetings were highly emotional and multitudes of people were filled with the Spirit of God. These meeting, were sponsored mainly by Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterians, and met social needs as well as spiritual needs on the frontier. Since it was hard for the Baptist and Methodist to sustain local churches, they solved the problem by recruiting the non educated to spread the word of God to their neighbors. The camp meetings eventually favored "protracted meetings" in local churches.
Even though Winthrop and Edwards were two similar authors they were writing for two completely different reasons. Edwards was writing his sermon close to a hundred years after Winthrop, in a time called the Great Awakening. Edwards’s sermon was designed using scare tactics to bring people back to the church; while, Winthrop was working to keep everyone in a “group.” According to William Cain, Alice McDermott, Lance Newman, and Hilary Wyss, editors of “American Literature Volume One,” “he [Winthrop] believed that the English church could be reformed from within, cleansed of its “Catholic” doctrinal traces and elements of ritual” (102). Winthrop was giving his sermon aboard the ship to the new world and has belief that he can purify the English church. On the other side, Edwards is writing after the church has been “purified;” thus, a different means of communication is required to bring people back to the church. William Cain, Alice McDermott, Lance Newman, and Hilary Wyss, editors of “American Literature Volume One,” said, “Edwards witnessed a great revival of religion known as the “Great Awakening,” which he documented in several of his writings” (264). The quote says that Edwards is writing in a time period that required s method that would bring people back to the church. All in all, the time period of Winthrop and Edwards’s sermons play a major role in the content of the
James A. Garfield was an outstanding man of many endeavors who went from driving boats down the canal to become a general of the union army to the twentieth president of the United States of America (The American Heritage Book of the Presidents and Famous Americans). James A. Garfield was against slavery and had great plans for reconstruction, but sadly they were cut short. His term only lasted in the first year, as Garfield was shot by an office seeker and died many months later (The American Heritage Book of the Presidents and Famous Americans).
In the essay, “The Second Great Awakening” by Sean Wilentz explains the simultaneous events at the Cane Ridge and Yale which their inequality was one-sided origins, worship, and social surroundings exceeded more through their connections that was called The Second Great Awakening also these revivals were omen that lasted in the 1840s a movement that influences the impulsive and doctrines to hold any management. Wilentz wraps up of the politics and the evangelizing that come from proceeding from the start, but had astounding momentum during 1825.The advantage of the Americans was churched as the evangelizing Methodists or Baptists from the South called the New School revivalist and the Presbyterians or Congregationalists from the North that had a nation of theoretical Christians in a mutual culture created more of the Enlightenment rationalism than the Protestant nation on the world. The northerners focused more on the Second Great Awakening than the South on the main plan of the organization.