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American racism history
Cases involving medical malpractice
Medical negligence research paper
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Flash forward to 1961 the youngest of 19 children, Fannie Lou Hamer was intelligent, happy, and loved to read however being dark-skinned, uneducated, and a female, life was not the easiest for her. Fannie went to the hospital to have a tumor removed from her stomach she later found out that the surgeon not only removed the tumor he removed all of her internal reproductive organs, sterilizing her. Unfortunately, there was no way to file a lawsuit again because of her sex and decent no one would help her. (Washington 189-191) Horrible occurrences like this happened all the time, a racist doctor who wanted to help curve the African population in the world would take advantage of his patients and do what he felt needed to be done. Not only did “accidental” sterilizations occur often but also other organs or tissue and medical procedures would be performed on innocent Africans who went seeking help from the medical profession and were horribly treated and misused in the name of science. In1977, Casper Yeagin, a sixty-eight-year-old retired mechanic disappeared. His daughter filed a missing persons report and after months of worrying and multiple errors on the police’s part Casper’s body was found on a slab at Howard University medical school waiting to be used for practice by medical students. (Washington 115-117) No one had seen anything wrong with finding a dead African American on the street and after the body had not been claimed (in less time than is normally given) so the body was sent to the Medical school to be used for research. The fact is that most of the bodies donated from the medical examiners office were of African decent, while the unclaimed Caucasian bodies were left to wait for just a bit longer to see if someone wo... ... middle of paper ... ...shington 271-279) Everything about this test was wrong from luring the parents and children with brides to down playing the severity of the tests to be administered just another way African Americans were targeted for medical research and not given the true facts. “Black Intellectual and biological Inferiority has been an incorrect assumption in Western scientific and lay culture for more that a thousand years.” (Byrd 8) Since the beginning of our great country there has been nothing but pain and hardship put on the African American population, whether it be slavery or this horrible practice of medical experimentation. The fact that these experiments and deceptions from the medical community have continued all the way to 1997 and beyond is appalling and show that even to our present day like the medical community does not African Americans and equal to other races.
The book, Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, by James H. Jones, was one of the most influential books in today’s society. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment study began in 1932 and was terminated in 1972. This book reflects the history of African Americans in the mistrust of the health care system. According to Colin A. Palmer, “James H. Jones disturbing, but enlightening Bad Blood details an appalling instance of scientific deception. This dispassionate book discusses the Tuskegee experiment, when a group of physicians used poor black men as the subjects in a study of the effects of untreated syphilis on the human body”(1982, p. 229). In addition, the author mentioned several indications of discrimination, prejudice,
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by: Rebecca Skloot has a lot of themes, but one that is most relevant in my opinion is the racial politics of medicine. Throughout the chapters, there were examples of how Henrietta, being African American, prevented her from receiving the same treatment as the white woman sitting right next to her in the waiting room. The story begins with Henrietta going to Johns Hopkins Hospital and asking a physician to check a “knot on her womb.” Skloot describes that Henrietta had been having pain around that area for about a year, and talked about it with her family, but did not do anything until the pains got intolerable. The doctor near her house had checked if she had syphilis, but it came back negative, and he recommended her to go to John Hopkins, a known university hospital that was the only hospital in the area that would treat African American patients during the era of Jim Crow. It was a long commute, but they had no choice. Patient records detail some of her prior history and provide readers with background knowledge: Henrietta was one of ten siblings, having six or seven years of schooling, five children of her own, and a past of declining medical treatments. The odd thing was that she did not follow up on upcoming clinic visits. The tests discovered a purple lump on the cervix about the size of a nickel. Dr. Howard Jones took a sample around the tissue and sent it to the laboratory.
Rebecca Skloot’s novel, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, depicts the violation of medical ethics from the patient and researcher perspectives specifically when race, poverty, and lack of medical education are factors. The novel takes place in the southern United States in 1951. Henrietta Lacks is born in a poor rural town, Clover, but eventually moves to urban Turner Station. She was diagnosed and treated for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins hospital where cells was unknowingly taken from her and used for scientific research. Rebecca Skloot describes this when she writes, “But first—though no one had told Henrietta that TeLinde was collecting sample or asked she wanted to be a donor—Wharton picked up a sharp knife and shaved two dime-sized pieces of tissue from Henrietta's cervix: one from her tumor, and one from the healthy cervical tissue nearby. Then he placed the samples in a glass dish” (33). The simple act of taking cells, which the physicians did not even think twice about, caused decades
Dorothy Roberts is social justice advocate and law scholar who preaches the message that race-based medicine is bad medicine. She believes that doctors use race, instead of tests and observations, as a shortcut to give diagnoses. Her main argument is that there is only one race, the human race. In her Ted Talk, Roberts goes over statistics to explain why she thinks that race-based medicine is barbaric and shouldn’t be practiced.
Ethical violations committed on underprivileged populations first surfaced close to 50 years ago with the discovery of the Tuskegee project. The location, a small rural town in Arkansas, and the population, consisting of black males with syphilis, would become a startling example of research gone wrong. The participants of the study were denied the available treatment in order further the goal of the research, a clear violation of the Belmont Report principle of beneficence. This same problem faces researchers today who looking for an intervention in the vertical transmission of HIV in Africa, as there is an effective protocol in industrialized nations, yet they chose to use a placebo-contro...
Vesicovaginal fistula is a tear from the bladder or anus to the vagina that causes urine or feces to leak and can arise from physical complications from the birth of a child. In 1849, the American surgeon James Marion Sims was credited with being the first doctor to successfully repair this condition surgically (Ojanuga 1993). His methods included operations on 14 African American female slaves without the benefit of anesthesia. Many women underwent multiple operations, as many as 30 separate times (Macleod 1999). However, Sims is hailed as a heroic and noble contributor to the medical world and women’s health, yet his work only recently been questioned regarding his controversial operations on slaves. The issues surrounding Sims’ works concern the morality and ethics of Sims’ operations and whether the “ends justified the means” when looking at the findings vs. the methods. Undoubtedly, Sims contributed volumes of knowledge and expertise to gynecology by pioneering new technologies and techniques that were surgically successful (Zacharin 2008). After observing postcolonial society through Sims’ lasting discoveries, his critics and supporters, and his own autobiography, I believe that the production of Sims’ surgical contributions came at far too high of a cost. His barbarous actions helped to perpetuate the degradation of women, and African American female slaves in particular, and also promote slavery. This topic is important because the medical world has a responsibility to acknowledge the roots and founders of its discipline and cannot turn a blind eye to these appalling acts, as so many textbooks and medical journals have. Since its birth, the politics of medicine has perpetuated a racial hegemony and the combination of Sims ...
Mitchell, R., & Jr, Jones, W. (1994). Public policy and the black hospital from slavery to
I was very intrigued to hear about a book that was once again positively depicting a black man. It allowed me to think about how media and society has motioned us to not think of black men as CEO’s, doctors, and lawyers when we first hear of them. Dr. Tweedy’s memoir on how he has experienced racial issues, and finds health problems in the black community is very uplifting to know he wanted to pursue what was occurring. Though he was not from the south, he mentioned unequal practices that did occur in the south. Dr. Tweedy noticed many discreptencies within the black community economically, socially, and culturally. Dr. Tweedy endured a lot of discrimination during his process of becoming a physician, and of course after his process. As I previously stated, this notion is from this disgusting negative connation mostly white people receive from black men. Dr. Tweedy hope to work in an area where he would not have to endure racial tension; however, his future though otherwise and he was exposed to a harsh experience of institutionalized racism first hand. It was an fortunate and unfortunate case that race influenced Dr. Tweedy relationship with patients. It was an advantage because it opened his eyes to the discreptencies with black Americans in healthcare, and it was a disadvantage that he sustained racial incidents to bring this situation to the light. Dr. Tweedy well
Earlier in the semester we watched a video over Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome by Dr. Joy DeGruy. This video was inspiring for people to look at what has happened in our history and society. This has been a major social injustice to African-Americans for so long, and it is now time that it needs to be confronted. People are often confused about why some people get upset about the way African-Americans react to some things, it is because they never had the opportunity to heal from their pain in history. In the article “Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome,” it is talked about how racism is, “a serious illness that has been allowed to fester for 400 years without proper attention” (Leary, Hammond, and Davis, “Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome”). This is
Throughout American history, relationships between racial and ethnic groups have been marked by antagonism, inequality, and violence. In today’s complex and fast-paced society, historians, social theorists and anthropologists have been known to devote significant amounts of time examining and interrogating not only the interior climate of the institutions that shape human behavior and personalities, but also relations between race and culture. It is difficult to tolerate the notion; America has won its victory over racism. Even though many maintain America is a “color blind nation,” racism and racial conflict remain to be prevalent in the social fabric of American institutions. As a result, one may question if issues and challenges regarding the continuity of institutional racism still exist in America today. If socialization in America is the process by which people of various ethnicities and cultures intertwine, it is vital for one to understand how the race relations shape and influence personalities regarding the perceptions of various groups. Heartbreaking as it is, racism takes a detour in acceptance of its blind side. Further, to better understand racism one must take into account how deeply it entrenched it is, not only in politics, and economics but also Health Care settings. In doing so, one will grasp a decisive understanding of "who gets what and why.” The objective of this paper is to explore and examine the pervasiveness of racism in the health care industry, while at the same time shed light on a specific area of social relations that has remained a silence in the health care setting. The turpitude feeling of ongoing silence has masked the treatment black patients have received from white health care providers...
When penicillin was discovered in 1940 and was the only cure for syphilis at that time. The participants form Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment were excluded from many campaigns that were taking place in Macon County, Alabama to eliminate venereal diseases (Person Education, 2007). This experiment lasted forty years and by the end 28 of the men had died directly of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children had been born with congenital syphilis (info please, 2007). The directors of this experiment used ethical, interpersona... ... middle of paper ... ...
...that Satel needs to do more research. For example, in her article, she mentions that Primary-care physicians who lack board certification and who encounter obstacles to specialized services are more likely to practice in areas where blacks receive their care—namely, poorer neighborhoods, as measured by the median income, but she doesn’t back it up with research. Although some may object that health care is color blind and that doctors do their best to administer health care proportionately, I would reply that racism plays a role in the health care disparities. Racism has always been an issue and there is no way people can reject that fact. This issue is important because the health care disparity gap is large and something needs to be done about it. As IOM said, people need to be aware of what is going on so as to take appropriate steps in order to break the gap.
I do not believe that mandating newborn testing is crippling the black reproductive capability because why wouldn’t you want to know what’s wrong with your child. If doctors see that this disease is genetically inherited it is their duty to look out for their patient’s best interest. Mr. Johnson’s refusal should be respected because he has the freedom and beliefs to do so. It shows that Mr. Johnson has some resentment towards the white society. He does not fully trust his physician best interest. There is no cure for this disease
Throughout history, and in today’s society, race has been a debated topic. Even today the question about whether race influences intelligence, athletic ability, and creativeness is still discussed. Through scientific research it is known that race contributes nothing to how a person thinks, feels, or acts and that is it society that creates these standards. When looking into the past there was much controversy about blacks and their self worth. According to the Thomas Jefferson’s article “Notes on the State of Virginia” blacks and whites are naturally different and fixed by nature. In other words blacks are naturally not as intelligent as whites, but today’s knowledge argues, and proves, otherwise. There is also argument about the possibility that blacks are inferior to whites because of their environment. In the movie “Race, the Power of Illusion” teenagers of many different races and ethnic backgrounds were tested to determine how different they really are from one another. In the end, everyone finds out they may not be as different as originally thought. Society as a whole needs to realize we, as Americans, are more alike than we think. If everyone can get over skin color as a classification, then society will have overcome a huge barrier and the future for equality will become clearer.
Most of the victims were poor women, and a disproportionate number were people of color.Sterilizations also took place mainly in public mental institutions, where the poor and ethnic or racial minorities were housed in disproportionately high numbers.