The family and adaptation theory is about how families deal with stressful events that affect their everyday environment. For each and one of us family represents something different, but we may all agree that our families are an important part of who we are as human beings. Further reflection on our theory made us realize it depends on how a family as a unit is able to see or adapt adequately to a disturbance in their environment.
The philosophical abstraction of family stress and adaptation emphasizes how the mental well-being, environment, nursing and family affects the physical body during times of distress and illness. There has been a growing interest in family stress, particularly variables affecting family response to life cycle events
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Subsequently, when confronted with stressors, coping strategies are used to resist the stressor. However, when families are unable to balance demands without making a change in its interaction patterns, a crisis occurs. Following a crisis, new coping strategies must be employed to enable the family to adapt. For example, reorganize as a new rule, change patterns of communication, and review roles already established. The outcome of the family efforts to adaptation varies from bonadaptation to maladaptation, depending on the resources and demands at the individual family and community …show more content…
The middle range theories are those that are more specific in scope. The concepts in middle range theories are described in more concrete terms relative to nursing phenomena. Furthermore, the concepts can be empirically tested or behaviorally demonstrated. The middle range theories focus on particular nursing related topics; as a result, they direct their attention to the nursing profession which involves the patients. Everything revolves around the patient; in consequence, the patient has all the necessary resources to move toward the path of healing. Our job as nurses is to always place the patient in the best position to heal. Healing involves giving the patient all the require tools to truly have and accomplish internal stability. There is a difference between health and healing, but there is also an interaction between the two in the nursing profession. For example, say there is a young woman that had one of her arms amputated a few months ago. The limb started to heal with time. Additionally, she had a prosthesis put in place. You would say that she is in good health now. Yet there is another side to the story and that is her internal stability (her soul). The middle range theories describe nursing phenomena that can be used by the nurse to help their patients achieve a healing status that involves accepting that a missing limb cannot define them
The denial of child care for her two children’s has added fear, helplessness, hopelessness, loss, of control and guilt which impacts Katy health and contributed to worsening of her health. Katy was experiencing a situational crisis because of her medical condition and her concern to provide for her children. It occurs when an individual produces an overwhelming response as they confronted with a stressful event. Factors that contribute to Katy crisis are high demand to provide for her children, denial of child care services, medical condition, and a single parent. These factors play a critical role in her health outcome and progression of her disease and psychological state. Therefore, prolonged stress included adverse psychological and physical health effects as well as the increased risk of premature death (Denollet, J., et al.
The family is a dynamic system—a self-organizing system that adapts itself to changes in its members and to changes in its environment (as cited
“Family stress theory emphasizes the active processes families engage in to balance family demands with family capabilities as these interact with family meanings to arrive at a level of family adjustment or adaptation” (Patterson, 1988, 1989, 1993). In order for a family to be resilient, it ...
Murdock, N. L., & Gore Jr., P. A. (2004). Stress, Coping, and Differentiation of Self: A Test of Bowen Theory. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 26(3), 319-335.
& Willis, E. M. explains the middle-range theories were first introduced in sociology in 1960’s then were offered in nursing in 1974 focusing on emerging disciplines because they were available to introduce through research in compare to grand theories. Middle-range nursing theory was established fifteen years later, and is reinforced by repeated criticism of the summary of grand theories and their difficulties in use to research and practice. The reason of middle-range theory is to define, clarify, and predict occurrences that easer to apply in practical situations, and potentially to direct nursing interventions, change circumstances of situations to improve the care and potentially best outcome. Focus on middle-range theory is supported by theoretical framework for research studies, tested by research and use in practice, and scientific end product expressing nursing knowledge. (McEwen, M. & Willis, E. M.,
Kaakinen, Gedaly-Duff, Coehlo & Hanson, (2010) report family is the biggest resource for managing care of individuals with chronic illness; family members are the main caregivers and provide necessary continuity of care. Therefore, it is important for health care providers to develop models of care based on an understanding what families are going through (Eggenberger, Meiers, Krumwiede, Bliesmer, & Earle, 2011). The family I chose to interview is in the middle of a transition in family dynamics. I used the family as a system approach as well as a structure-function theoretical framework to the effects of the changes in dynamic function. Additionally, the combinations of genogram, ecomap, adaptations of the Friedman Family Assessment model as well as Wright & Leahey’s 15 minute family interview were utilized.
Since the 20th century, researchers have sought out solutions to help assist families and the individual components that make up family systems overcome the challenges and schisms that can inhibit individuation and stability. Two theoretical perspectives, the family-systems theory and the family-development theory, were conceived to gain as Balswick & Balswick (2014) noted, gain “a wide-angle view of family life” (p. 22). Though these two theories have merit, one I found to be more advantageous in gaining a better understanding of the family as an actively metastasizing organism, which needs to be approached more adaptively.
Davis-Laak, Paula. "7easy resilience strategies for busy, complicated lives." Phsycology today. N.P, 10 Jan. 2011. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.
Primary caregivers are given an opportunity to take care of their loved ones; however, this job comes with a lot of stress and its consequences (Tsai, 2003). Primary caregivers take care of those with a chronic illness such as a family member or friend, are given a task that is so immense that it induces a lot of stress. In the previous decades, many research articles have developed studies which focused on stressors that were associated with the task of being the primary caregiver; yet, a theory surrounding this topic has not been developed until the early 2000s. Tsai (2003) developed the Theory of Caregiver Stress based on the Roy Adaptation Model to identify the caregiver’s response, perceptions, and adaptations to the stress and burden that primary caregiver’s experience.
Because these theory are known to have direct linkages to research and practice Most of these theory are developed from research, observation and experiences I do believe that Most nurses will agree with me if I say that the evidence based practice is a main engine for health well-being .Middle range theory signifies a growth of knowledge development in Nursing. Middle range theories offer valuable organizing frameworks for phenomena being researched by interdisciplinary terms. These theories are useful to nurses and persons from other discipline in framing phenomena of shared concern. (Archive, 2015).Middle-range theories are useful in addressing the problems of nursing, especially among vulnerable populations. Although middle-range theories address specific phenomena within nursing practice, the theories are broad enough to be applied to a variety of patient populations, and across many practice settings (Mareno, 2015). The language of middle –range theories is that used in nursing practice to deal with patient care phenomena such as pain ,unpleasant symptoms, empathy, uncertainty, comfort, change, lifestyle health promotion, relationships ,and deliberative planning for
-Sonnenberg, E. 2008.Caregiver Stress: The Impact of Chronic Disease on the Family. Available at: http://www.beliefnet.com/healthandhealing/getcontent.aspx?cid=74397.Access date 21 December 2013.
Within this particular counseling setting, the focus is on the interaction of the family members, and involves interventions that affect the entire family system (Henderson, 2016). The goal of this theory is to change the dysfunctional family patterns through a variety of arrangements, from individuals to group interaction. The Systems theory is organized in units made up of different parts, which is a circular, pattern which A causes B and B causes A (Henderson, 2016). Systems Family Theory viewed human nature in a positive perspective, which people are rational and have the ability to make choices (Henderson, 2016). Furthermore, the Family Systems Theory perceives behavior as directly relating to the individual position within the family. There are eight concepts that Bowen believed centered around the Family Systems Theory, many which reflect family boundaries and interactions. These concepts include, relationships between spouses, differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional system, family projection process, multigenerational transmission process, sibling position, emotional cutoffs, and emotional process in society (Henderson, 2016). Other core concept, determined by other theorist, revolves around centripetal and centrifugal which further describe the relationship styles within the families by looking inward, centripetal, as source of satisfaction; along with, centrifugal, looking outside for satisfaction (Henderson, 2016). In addition, another core concept is family projection process that refers to the transmission that causes symptoms in the child (Henderson, 2016). Many of the concepts described in the Family Systems Theory, are based on the connection, the togetherness, and the conflict that leads to a person holding responsibility within their role within the family.
The concept of coping is fascinating because it analyses the way in which an individual responds to a situation, as well as whether or not it is effective. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) defined coping as the "constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts made by individuals to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person". This essay will cover the many perspectives on the subject of coping, from the cognitive viewpoint to the more comprehensive biopsychosocial theory. It will also detail the characteristics of adaptive copers and the effective strategies they use, as well as comparing and contrasting these with patterns that are generally considered maladaptive.
The Theory of Caregiver Stress was a significant breakthrough for the reasoning of why caregivers are so deeply affected by this job. “The Theory of Caregiver Stress was derived from the Roy Adaptation Model to use as basis in understanding the relationships among caregivers and the stress faced when caring for a chronically ill relative” (Tsai, 2003). The Theory of Caregiver stress is a middle-range theory used to predict the outcome for stress and other various side effects (Dobratz, 2011). These adverse effects are predicted by: Demographic Characteristics, Burden in Caregiving, Stressful life events, Social Support and Social Roles. Also, because of the multitude of different scenarios and background for both the patient and the caregiver, these categories are necessary to compare and effectively use the results. The theory makes four main assumptions regarding adaption: “environmental change; the caregivers’ perceptions will determine how they will respond to the environmental stimuli; the caregivers’ adaptation is a function of their environmental stimuli and adaptation level, and lastly the caregivers’ effectors are results of chronic caregiving such examples include marital satisfaction and self-...
Stressors are both physiological and psychological demands placed on an individual from both internal and external environments that can disturb homeostasis. This disruption requires an action to return the body to a balance. Being able to recognize, understand, and cope with stress is critical to overall health and well being of an individual. The ability to cope with stress productively can alter the outcome of illness and prevent negative health outcomes altogether. Each person experiences and perceives stress differently both physiologically, psychologically, and can portray it differently externally. The way in which each person handles stress can influence the path for care they pursue if illness is present. In the absence of remedial