English language learners are found in every state and number of English language learners are increasing every year. These English language learners come from a range of backgrounds. There are over 470 different languages included in the categorized group of English language learners, however 75 percent of the students that will be encountered in schools will have a home language of Spanish as stated by Linan-Thompson and Vaughn (2007). There are goals for effective practice of English language learners and are based on comprehension, learning, and student interest. In earlier grade levels students are taught skills to start a foundation on, such as phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, and vocabulary. After achieving these skills it is possible to develop an English language learners literacy skills to be used in all content areas. According to August and Hakuna (1997) there are attributes that contribute to positive student outcome. These tributes include, explicit skill instruction, student directed activities, instructional strategies for enhancing understanding, opportunity to practice, student assessment, and a curriculum that is balanced. Students also learn content when the instruction is focused on routine, redundancy, and structure. Linen-Thompson and Vaughn (2007) states teachers who teach explicitly by modeling and explaining skills in the context can provide students the meta-cognitive thinking required by proficient readers.
In language arts an important strategy to use is explicit instruction. Explicit instruction refers to specific tasks that are teacher led and demonstrated, and is used to teach basic and higher order thinking based on the level of the students. Explicit instruction is specifically ...
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... ideas, and keeping all information easily organized for students. Monitor the cognitive progress by creating accurate duration times for activities, making sure students are on track, and keeping an eye open for the need to backtrack, revise meaning, analyzing information and delving deeper into the material in order to help students more accurately understand. Evaluate by reviewing material, asking students questions, and analyzing assessments to be sure of student accomplishment.
According to Moore-Harris (2005) English language learners that are still learning the English level at an academic level benefit greatly by integrating vocabulary and grammatical ideas while concurrently building on mathematical concepts by using lessons intefrated with concrete objects, manipulative, graphics, and activities that can be hands on to help visually reinforce learning.
Much research was completed for the making of this article. It was found that ELL’s need time to develop oral English proficiency, teachers need to use ongoing authentic formative assessments throughout the year due to
This paper will target ELL students of a secondary age level. It will be assumed they are between levels 3 and 4 of the Ministry of Education ELL/D Performance Standards. This level of student will often need help to elaborate on certain ideas. Sequencing is generally good at this stage, as is accessing prior knowledge, however, a graphic organizer can always benefit a student no matter what level. Grammar is improving greatly through these stages, but things such as homonyms and figures of speech will still be difficult (BC Performance Standards, 2001). Having the students learn how to write a narrative will complete a Prescribed Learning Outcomes for English 10: writing in a variety...
Because America is such a diverse country, public schools are faced with the challenge of providing students from all over the world with a quality education. As Chen points out “public schools have embraced the linguistic challenge presented by immigrant students” (¶1). Then, No Child Left Behind law was approved, and it required every public school should have an English Secondary Language (ESL) program that will provide the “academic support” for English Language Learners (ELLs). ELL parents are happy that their children are getting education help from the school, but it has raised the question of how successful are the ESL programs? Do ESL programs provide enough “academic support” to all ELL students? Do ESL programs have enough tools to help students learn English? Some ELL parents complain that ESL programs do not help their child learn English. A successful ESL program is not based solely on the test scores, but also the ability to connect parents, teachers, and students together to strengthen tools that will help ELL students to learn a new language in reading, writing, and speaking.
Tchudi, Susan J, and Stephen Tchudi. The English Language Arts Handbook: Classroom Strategies for Teachers. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1999. Print.
Mairs and Orwell in both of their essay's, demonstrated clear beliefs regarding the English language. Mairs chose the word “cripple” to describe her condition, despite alternative words such as “disabled” and “handicapped” being available. The reason why Mairs was so selective about her word choice, is because she believed that the word “cripple” is a “clean, straightforward and precise” word to describe her condition (Mairs). Orwell and Mairs seemed to be both in favor of using words that are concise, and are easily understandable. Orwell wasn’t to pleasant to writers who do not express meaning, calling their work “vague” (Orwell).
To obtain a complete understanding of the word knowledge of students who are learning English, it is important their reading abilities (WTW, 2012). There are many ways to assess the reading abilities for ELL’s. For example, spelling inventories help explore the literacy knowledge of an ELL; however, the test should be first administered in their primary or first language. According to Words their way: Word Study for Phonics, Vocabulary, and Spelling instruction, “a spelling inventory in students’ spoken language can indicate their literacy levels in the primary language, and more specifically, show which orthographic features they already understand” (WTW, 2014). Bilingual learners rely on knowledge of their primary language to spell words in a second language (WTW, 2014). Teachers can also assess ELL’s reading comprehension through sequencing activity (Ada, 1990). For example, teachers can have ELL’s write individual sentences from the text on separate sheets of drawing paper; then read or have the students read each sentence and illustrate it (Ada, 1990). Teachers can also informally test students’ ability to sequence material from a story by printing sentences from a section of the story on paper strips, mix the strips; have students put them in order (Ada, 1990). According to Spanish-Language Children’s Literature in the Classroom, teachers should “read to newcomers every day” (Ada, 1990). Appropriate reading material for beginning English Language Learners (ELL) should include numerous illustrations that help clarify the text, story plots that are action-based, little text on each page, text that contains repetitive, predictable phrases, high-frequency vocabulary and useful words, text that employs simple sentence structures (Ada, 1990). When you read to beginning ESL students, be sure to make language comprehensible to them (Ada,
The purpose of this assignment is to explain the impact of English language learners in the classroom. As a foreign student, English language learner in the United States faces multiple challenges for achieving academic success. To successfully complete a task, they need to master both English as a language and how it is used in core content classes especially when they are an adult. When trying to assist in instructing English language learners, they usually have many concepts and language abilities that they need to master, as do the teachers that are trying to teach them. With the incorporation of the concepts and approaches to identify and assess the issues and concerns that we have learned in our classroom instruction, such as lesson preparation,
Native language can also affect the acquisition of word formation of English negatively. It is commonly term as interference of the first language. According to Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982), interference is an automatic transfer, due to habit, of the surface structure of the first language onto the surface of the target language. Discussions on the extent of word formation in English affecting native speaker of Malay negatively will specifically touch on plurality, mainly in terms of affixes and reduplication.
An important intervention for English Learners is the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol model, also referred to as the SIOP model. This intervention is used primarily in subject matter lessons, such as math, history, or science, in which the majority or all of the students are English Learners. It uses techniques that allow the materials to be accessible and better understanding to English learners and at the same time the students continue to develop their English (Short, Echevarría, & Richards-Tutor, 2011). The SIOP model includes eight components: lesson preparation, building background, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, practice & application, lesson delivery, and review & assessment (Echevarria, J., Vogt, M., & Short,
The article Successful Strategies for Teaching to Middle Grades for English Language Learners by: Nicole Bolos. Reading the article, I realized we are all reading teachers, we are all literacy teachers despite if we are teaching math, history, and science. We cannot teach without introducing Vocabulary terms of science, math and writing terms. I can reflect going back to my school days as a Kindergarten through high school student that my past teachers would not introduce any vocabulary words to help build the CALP language. I would sit there quiet, without asking any question about the lesson because I did not know the academic language of the lesson or instruction.
I will be checking for students’ understanding when I am walking around the room while students work with partners. I will be looking for strategies that work and that I can share on the board. I will also use homework 2-15 after students turn it in, to determine if students understand. Then the students also have a Quick Quiz and Fluency Check for lessons 9-15. This will give me the best look at students’ work.
According to most linguists, language starts from the womb before birth. It is not taught but rather a natural occurrence that happens very fast; while phonological learning start right from birth, between 0 month to thirty six months, an infant is quite able to understand most of the basis of speech like phonemes, morphemes, parts of speech, phrases and order of phrases. According to behaviorist, first language acquisition is systematic, but for the nativist it is innate. At birth, a child has universal grammar which is a language acquisition device in the brain that is adapt for learning and acquire language. The phenomenon of first language acquisition, that is only attributes to human, takes place not by the intervention of teaching
Experiencing those days where people would laugh at other for the broken English; the grammar and pronunciation are the toughest parts of the language. People with English as a second language always stumble upon difficulties; however, the determination of learning a new language do not decrease easily as the motivation is still surrounding one’s mind. Today, English has become an international communication; even the teaching and learning of the language has already spread throughout the world. English is known as one of the most common use language and has been offering classes everywhere for years especially around Asia; additionally, the world common language has now become the number one language uses in every fields of career that is being offer everywhere. Non-American students should be required to take English class as a second language in school
Coming from a Spanish speaking household having to learn a new language can always be difficult. While, I was a child learning a second language was difficult. It was difficult for me to put words to use in the correct way. And use terms that make sense with one another term. It was difficult for me because some Spanish words sound the same as English words, and while learning I wanted to translate everything the way I say it in Spanish to English. For example, in Spanish “helo” means ice, but if you say it out loud it sounds like “yellow”. Little things like that will be a big issue to me. I have to put up with many looks from others and hear all sorts of criticism around me. Learning a new language at a young age was a struggle with reading
Many countries in Asia like China, Japan, UAE, Sri Lanka, Singapore etc., adopted English as a foreign language not as a second language. Because considering English as a second language and as a Foreign Language is different in their view point. They view that outside of the classroom, English is not that much useful. They teach all the subjects in their mother tongue but in India if one is unable to speak in English he becomes a tabooed person. Many Asian countries treat the pupil’s age, sex, race, attitude, intelligence and grasping power in teaching English. Indian teachers neglect this aspect. For ex: a speaker from Hyderabad emphasizes more vowels before many words because of the influence of Urdu.