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Define Gilman’s terms “sex-distinction” and “sex-attraction.” Discuss how you feel (if you do) society today still overemphasizes both terms. Draw on your own experiences or a friend’s experience to give support for your argument. (pages 203-211)
In “Women and Economics,” Gilman suggest that humans are the only species in which one sex wholly depends on the other sex economically. Gilman points out that women are fully dependent on men for life’s necessities—her economic status is about her sex status. She writes, “The male human is thousands of years in advance of the female in economic status.” Gilman is suggesting further that a woman then can only earn her share or place through the man. If this line of thinking is undoubtedly true, then in a marriage situation, it forces the woman to work for the man if she is planning to gain any economic strength or marrying can create an equal partnership whereby both the man and woman can support their family. Unfortunately, the latter becomes more difficult for the woman, as she traditionally does not work outside the home. Moreover, if the woman is working for the man, then she is only entitled to the wages of a servant or housekeeper but there would never be a rich woman this way.
Gilman goes on to
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Du Bois wrote the Souls of Black Folks in 1903. The book exposed the material causes of racism at the time and explained the effects on black identity. Du Bois wanted to show his readers the strange meaning of being black. He believed at the dawn of the 20th Century that the laws and the society that had prevented blacks from achieving equality in a post-slavery era would continue to pose a problem for black identity. Du Bois argued that this relationship was essentially one of domination, exploitation and “narrow opportunity” for the development and progress of people of color. Sadly it was the color line that maintained the best jobs in the country for white people while denying jobs for people of
Du Bois’s short story “The Souls of Black Folk” that addresses discrimination, veils, and double-concisions and its effect on the African-American identity. To combat the modern day issue of discrimination black communities have created a movement. The movement is called “Black Live Matter. This movement campaigns against violence and systemic racism toward black people. BLM commonly protests, police violence against black people and broader issues of racial profiling, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system”
B., Du Bois W. E. The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1979. University of Virginia Library. 4 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. 37.
Du Bois was another highly educated African American thought leader, holding a degree from Harvard University and the University of Berlin. A civil rights leader, scholar, and political thinker, Du Bois believed in the importance of scholarly education to achieve racial progress. The Souls of Black Folk is a collection of W.E.B. Du Bois essays, that clearly defined his personal opinions on education, and his disapproval of Booker T. Washington’s point of view. In his third essay, Du Bois explained the flaws in Booker T. Washington’s opinions and the negative impact they would have on the African American community. Du Bois’ wrote; “Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission.” His essay indicated that Washington’s plan would hold back the African American community, and that the plan wasn’t what the African American people
...s, whose school of thought inspired much of the agitation which, after the break with the 'accommodationist' position of Washington, began to develop in the 1950's and exploded in the 1960's civil rights movement. His influence can be seen best in his prophetic work “The Souls of Black Folk”, a work which many credit for the inspiration of modern civil rights leaders. In it Du Bois describes the scope of American discrimination, and uses it to predict the formation of ‘black consciousness’ and activism in the future (B., Du Bois W. E. Souls of Black Folk.). Thats not to say there were no points of similarity between Washington and DuBois. Both worked against racially motivated violence and the lynchings African Americans faced in the south. Furthermore, while one of his harshest critics, Du Bois also appreciated and acknowledged many of Washington's accomplishments.
B., Du Bois W. E. The Souls of Black Folk. Ed. David W. Blight and Robert Gooding-Williams. Boston: Bedford, 1997. Print.
Du Bois, W.E.B. "Of Our Spiritual Strivings." The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Gramercy, 1994. 1-15. Print.
However, because of the dominant, male white culture, this very learned man and his ideas have been neglected. Even to this day, people know of him as an individual who studied marginalized black societies and an activist fighting for justice on behalf of these minorities. However, society fails to recognize the enormous contributions he made to the practices of sociology. Furthermore, in the rare times Du Bois is mentioned as a sociologist, he is mentioned as a “black sociologist” rather than just simply a sociologist (Green 528). By putting a race description in Du Bois’s title, one is simply saying that he was different from all the rest of the sociologists at the time because of his skin color. The research Du Bois and other black sociologists did focused on racial discrimination, inequality and black lives. However, their work was mostly ignored because it was the study of blacks studying black lives, which was unpopular at the time. Although Du Bois was a well educated man and an impressive sociologist, a significant amount of his work was discredited because he was a black man studying the lives of marginalized black people and the dominant culture did not want to pay heed to his field work in the early
The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois is a influential work in African American literature and is an American classic. In this book Dubois proposes that "the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line." His concepts of life behind the veil of race and the resulting "double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others," have become touchstones for thinking about race in America. In addition to these lasting concepts, Souls offers an evaluation of the progress of the races and the possibilities for future progress as the nation entered the twentieth century.
The Souls of Black Folk broadens the minds of the readers, and gives the reader a deeper understanding into the lives of people of African heritage. W.E.B. Du Bois articulates the true meaning of the problem of the color-line through his vast knowledge of American history and descriptive personal scenarios. Du Bois attempts to explain why the "problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line" (Dubois 13). In his essay, Du Bois uses both a rational and an emotional appeal by underlining the facts of racial discrimination through Jim Crow Laws and lynching, and his personal references of childhood memories to demonstrate his perspective of the problems of African Americans. Du Bois effectively reaches his audience by earnestly convincing the people of the North and the South that African Americans are human beings of flesh and blood. They have their own cultures, beliefs, and most importantly souls. He demonstrates that African Americans are like other humans and under the justice system they must have equal rights and liberty that America guarantees to all men in its Constitution. Du Bois uses a metaphor of a veil, which translates into a barrier that separates the identity of blacks and whites. Through his essay, one can understand that Du Bois believes that only by tremendous effort would...
Du Bois, W.E.B. "Chapter 1: Of Our Spiritual Strivings." The Souls of Black Folk. New York: New American Library, 1969. 1-3. Print.
Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt. The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co.1903. Print.
In Du Bois' "Forethought" to his essay collection, The Souls of Black Folk, he entreats the reader to receive his book in an attempt to understand the world of African Americans—in effect the "souls of black folk." Implicit in this appeal is the assumption that the author is capable of representing an entire "people." This presumption comes out of Du Bois' own dual nature as a black man who has lived in the South for a time, yet who is Harvard-educated and cultured in Europe. Du Bois illustrates the duality or "two-ness," which is the function of his central metaphor, the "veil" that hangs between white America and black; as an African American, he is by definition a participant in two worlds. The form of the text makes evident the author's duality: Du Bois shuttles between voices and media to express this quality of being divided, both for himself as an individual, and for his "people" as a whole. In relaying the story of African-American people, he relies on his own experience and voice and in so doing creates the narrative. Hence the work is as much the story of his soul as it is about the souls of all black folk. Du Bois epitomizes the inseparability of the personal and the political; through the text of The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois straddles two worlds and narrates his own experience.
In Souls of Black folk in 1903, W.E.B. DuBois urged African Americans to aspire to professional careers, fight for their civil rights, and whenever possible get a college education. It was not only important to change the image of the African American for the White people it was important for the African Americans as well. African Americans from the time of slavery wanted to move past the racist images of them that were always being portrayed. Many felt that to be portrayed in a positive way would help to unite them. Also, as more African Americans became skilled, educated, and cultured it would give a sense of hope that in the face of aversion anything could be achieved. This is evidenced by seventeen-year-old African American boy who created and autobiography of his movie going experience as a child. In the autobiography he
W.E.B. Dubois was one of the most prolific and pioneering leaders during the early Civil Rights era. Throughout his life, he produced numerous works as a commentary on the social construct that existed between whites and blacks, including the groundbreaking collection of essays The Souls of Black Folk published in 1903. These essays detailed the historical, political and sociological plight of African Americans in society after the Civil War. In addition, the essays introduced the concept of double consciousness which referred to the challenge blacks faced in reconciling an African heritage with an American identity, a theory that would disseminate into his later works. Accordingly, his poem “The Song of the Smoke” published in 1907 is an extension of his earlier work in double consciousness, but with an emphasis on the celebration of black heritage. Embedded in these affirmations of blackness; however, is a sense of longing for the unity and equality of all races. In the poem, “The Song of the Smoke”, DuBois reflects on the past, finding grief and courage in the legacy of his slave ancestry and toward the future, hoping a new strength and dignity is formed amongst all Americans.
Gender and sexuality can be comprehended through social science. Social science is “the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society” (free dictionary, 2009). The study of social science deals with different aspects of society such as politics, economics, and the social aspects of society. Gender identity is closely interlinked with social science as it is based on an identity of an individual in the society. Sexuality is “the condition of being characterized and distinguished by sex” (free dictionary, 2009). There are different gender identities such as male, female, gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual that exists all around the world. There is inequality in gender identities and dominance of a male regardless of which sexuality they fall under. The males are superior over the females and gays superior over the lesbians, however it different depending on the place and circumstances. This paper will look at the gender roles and stereotypes, social policy, and homosexuality from a modern and a traditional society perspective. The three different areas will be compared by the two different societies to understand how much changes has occurred and whether or not anything has really changed. In general a traditional society is more conservative where as a modern society is fundamentally liberal. This is to say that a traditional society lists certain roles depending on the gender and there are stereotypes that are connected with the genders. One must obey the one that is dominant and make decisions. On the other hand, a modern society is lenient, It accepts the individual’s identity and sexuality. There is no inequality and everyone in the society is to be seen as individuals not a part of a family unit...