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Cryptography's history
History of encryption technology
Cryptography's history
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Cryptography affects the individuals lives everyday. Cryptography is the act of writing or solving code. Cryptography has been around for thousands of years however it is a very young science as it hasn’t been studied for long. Cryptography affects the way everyday things are done and carried out. Cryptography provide many thing for the everyday person such as authentication, time stamping, electronic banking and secure network communication. Authentication is a very important application of public key encryption. According to Simpson authentication ensures the message is from a certain person. Ensuring a message is from who it is said to be from is important in making sure information is passed along to the correct people. As well as ensuring …show more content…
As stated by Simpson, “Time stamping is a technique that can certify that a certain electronic document or communication existed or was delivered at a certain time.” The verification provides people with indisputable details regarding when a message was sent or when they clocked into to work. This protects them from their employer cutting their checks by claiming they didn’t show up or were late. It also protects people from online predators as it provides accurate information regarding when a person sent a message. Another way cryptography affects people everyday is by providing online banking. As specified by Simpson online banking is considered, “transactions carried out electronically with a net transfer of funds from one party to another, which may be either debit or credit and can be either anonymous or identified.” Online banking …show more content…
The actions of cryptographer and cryptography groups such as L0pht and WikiLeaks play large rolls in people’s lives. In the cryptography group one member in particular, Mudge, is well known and had provided many important changes in cryptography. According to Zetter, “Mudge and his wife, Sarah, a former NSA mathematician, have developed a first-of-its-kind method for testing and scoring the security of software.” This software provide a scoring system for the security of a particular system. While it does not pinpoint exact vulnerabilities it informs people of whether there are vulnerabilities. This allows companies to upgrade and improve their software. This also leads to more protection for the clients information who is stored in the company's system. WikiLeaks, founded by Julian Assange, is the biggest player in the cryptography word. WikiLeaks has leaked several large documents, including several classified documents, and is considered near impossible to take down. Ludlow stated, “WikiLeaks is not the one-off creation of a solitary genius; it is the product of decades of collaborative work by people engaged in applying computer hacking to political causes, in particular, to the principle that information-hoarding is evil—and, as Stewart Brand said in 1984, ‘Information wants to be free.’“ This statement shows how WikiLeaks while founded by one person could not be
What may have started as a seemingly boring and meaningless computer check up and accounting problem, turned into an investigation and search for a military spy for the KGB. It seems that the more that the technical revolution grows and gets relied on more, the level of security becomes necessary to grow past it. It seems to be an ongoing battle to protect and monitor information from possible threats and hackers.
In an editorial on Wikileaks it is claimed that, “At stake over 1.5 billion dollars worth of...
In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg, a former United States military analyst employed by the RAND Corporation, instigated a national political controversy when he released the top-secret Pentagon Papers to The New York Times (Bean, 2014). These papers exposed presidential deception about the Vietnam War by revealing that the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scale (Bean, 2014). In 2010, Chelsea (formerly Bradley) Manning, a U.S. army soldier leaked the largest set of classified documents in history to WikiLeaks (Bean, 2014). The information consisted of substantial archive of confidential government documents and the U.S. government has revealed that it was in the hands of Osama bin Laden (Bean, 2014). Even with the amount of information disclosed by these so called ‘whistleblowers,’ no official investigations into alleged war crimes or government misconduct has been issued (Bean, 2014). Both Ellsberg and Manning however, were charged with the Espionage Act of delivering factual information to American citizens. Ellsberg claimed, “The public is lied to every day by the president, by his spokespeople, by his officers. If you can't handle the thought that the president lies to the public for all kinds of reasons, you couldn't stay at that government at that level, where you're made aware of it, a week.” (Kreisler, personal communication, 1998). The privacy and civil rights abuses along with fear of...
Recently in global news, the name Edward Snowden has became quite popular as he snatched millions of people’s attention along with breaking news headlines. Snowden released numerous documents via internet that were private to the NSA; these leaks revealed the dirty work the NSA and government have ...
Julian Assange an Australian editor, activist, journalist and publisher launched the WikiLeaks website in the year 2006. From that moment, the site spiraled rapidly into the limelight all over the world. It then came to be known as the most powerful whistle-blowing and also the most scandalous “media” in the online world. WikiLeaks profanes and violates the right of privacy, right of accountability and confidentiality among Information and data sharing also it has a negative impact on governments, private sectors or businesses and also individuals, there is also a big question of accountability.
Data encryption refers to the process of transforming electronic information into a scrambled form that can only be read by someone who knows how to translate the code. In nowadays business world, it’s the easiest and most practical way to secure the information that we stored and processed, and it’s significant for our sensitive information. For example, as electronic commerce is popular now, the vendors and retailers must protect the customers’ personal information from hackers or competitors. They also have many business files or contracts that need to be strictly protected. Without data encryption, these important information may fall into wrong hands and be misused by others. Besides, data encryption may be used to secure sensitive information that exists on company networks, or create digital signatures, and help to authorize in business. No one should underestimate the importance of encryption. A little mistake in encryption may make sensitive information revealing, or even result in illegal and criminal accuse.
...tal part of lives just like privacy. Using cryptology provides mechanisms through a digital signature. This signature is inserted using a key (that only the writer of the email possesses) whilst a timestamp binds itself to the document. This type of cryptography is used to control access of security installations or pay-per-view television channels.
Cyber Security as an International Security Threat National and International Security is a sum of the actions taken by countries and other organizations that can guarantee the safety and well being of their population. It is vital for a nation to pre-emptively discover what issues could affect their security, and take action to prevent any detrimental or harmful events from happening. With the development of technology and the transition into a more technologically savvy society, cyber security has become one of the most prevalent and important economic and national security issues that the United States will come to face. United States President Barack Obama has identified cyber security as a key issue the nation will face. President Obama declared that the “cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation” and that “America's economic prosperity in the 21st century will depend on cyber security (“Foreign Policy Cyber Security,” 2013).”
Computer science is a vast field that includes nearly everything relating to computers. Everyday there is information transmitted all over the Internet. Pictures are uploaded, transactions are made on thousands of online retail websites, and banking transactions take place everyday on the Internet. All of these transactions have created a need for secure communications. People wish to keep things like banking, medical, and political information from the eyes of unwelcome parties. This has created a need for cryptography. Cryptography is the science or study of the techniques of secret writing, especially code and cipher systems, and is used by everyone from the average citizen to the government and military.
The internet allows people to communicate sensitive information, and if received in the wrong hands can cause many problems for that person. Cryptography is the study or science of techniques of secret writing and message hiding. Cryptography constitutes any method in which someone attempts to hide a message, or the meaning, in some medium. One specific element of cryptography is encryption, which hides the data or information by transforming it into undecipherable code. Encryption uses a specified key to perform the data transformation.
supports Wikileaks’ First Amendment right and claims that the exposure of the private information of the government enhances the condition of our democracy. W.W. writes this article to oppose a co-blogger and believes that Wikileaks is beneficial in informing the American people of important information that the government may classify in order to hide mistakes. The author asserts that Wikileaks plays an important role in ensuring that the people know and understand the moves of the government and why they are made. This article offers a respectful acknowledgement of the opposing argument; therefore, it seems to be a trustworthy piece to someone who is researching Wikileaks, the information it releases, and the importance of people’s knowledge of this
Information is a rare item that citizens of nations rarely receive. WikiLeaks provides valuable information regarding a country’s political and governmental matters. WikiLeaks also stands as a symbol for transparency between the leader and the led. While many individuals seem to believe that WikiLeaks is a threat to national security and even a terrorist organization that’s causing conflict in the world, the facts and information remains true. WikiLeaks puts some measure of power back into people’s hands.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including:
Slowly technology has been disintegrating many aspects of our society, the internet especially. Although the internet has its positive effects such as its wealth of resources it has led to the loss of privacy. For example social networking sites give their users easy access to share information about themselves however, due to the explosion of technology it has made hacking easier to online predators. The government has attempted to help people regain their privacy online by passing the Consumer Internet Privacy Protection Act of 1997, although this law has been difficult to enforce due to the fast advances in technology and the web. In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, a society described to be constantly watched “Big Brother is watching you” (Orwell 4) , where there is no such thing as privacy or freedom of speech and the government is in control of everything. Orwell in this novel foresees the advancements of technology to be harmful to our future society, if we continue to let our privacy be taken away from us it will make us one step closer to living in a society where the government/large corporations control all.
Another big change that computers have made in our everyday lives is that with the internet we can now access information about just about anything, at any time, and we can do this from the comfort of our own home. Credit cards can be used to do on-line shopping at virtually any store. E-mail has changed the way that people communicate, it is usually free of charge and mail is sent and received in minutes. Devices such as video phones and web-cams make video conferencing possible. This allows people to see who they are talking to in “real-time” even if they are on opposite ends of the map.