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Comparing and contrasting creation myths
Comparing and contrasting creation myths
Comparing and contrasting creation myths
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Throughout history there have been numerous myths all giving different ideas about the creation of man and woman, the way the world was formed, and exactly who or what brought them into existence. We can often find significant similarities between creation myths of all cultures and religions. Through myths we can see that though these cultures may have been worlds apart, they were still human, and thus they often could share common ideas. While not mirror images of each other, the myths these cultures brought to life acted as a moral and spiritual guide about how life should be lived and even how to die. With that being said, today we will discuss the common themes and differences in myths as well as their importance to humankind as a whole.
The first common theme that can be observed in multiple creation myths is the existence of a supreme being or a group of beings that oversee humankind and usually provide a moral code about how to live life and worship the god(s) that are relevant to their culture. As an example, look at Norse and Greek mythology. Both share similarities in that they worshipped multiple gods such as Odin, Zeus, Aphrodite and Freya that were meant to represent different values in their culture. With
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In Norse mythology Ask and Embla are created from tree trunks by the gods and are the father and mother of the entire human species. Similarly, In Genesis Adam and Eve are created by God and once again give birth to the rest of humankind. You can see that even though these stories originated in completely different parts of the world, the underlying theme is still the same. Even in creation myths that differ in the process of creation of man and woman there is almost always an underlying theme of them being in some way created by the god(s) that are worshipped in their culture. However, how exactly did the worlds of gods and men come into
Most cultures have a creation myth, a story of how humans came to exist in the world. Often, they involve Gods of some capacity who exist without much question or explanation. Many myths have a common idea for the origin of the world, like Earth being born from water, a golden egg, or a great monster. The Mayan creation myth and the Babylonian creation myth are similar in that they both begin with water, and account the creation and purpose of man. They also differ, as the Mayan Popol Vuh chronicles a peaceful tale of trials to forge the Earth and sentient beings to worship the gods, while the Babylonian Enuma Elish tells of wars between gods that lead to the creation of Earth and of man as a servant to the gods.
Creation stories have profound effects on humans. Those associated with ancient cultures/civilizations aim to ensure the successful survival or well-being of themselves and that particular culture/civilization of their association, but not all are beneficial, prosperous, or fortunate. Mesopotamia’s “The Gilgamesh Epic”, Egypt’s “Hymn to the Nile-Documents”, and Mesoamerica’s Mayan and Aztec creation stories/religion are influential to establishing significant relationships within society, whether that is between humans and nature or humans and their “god(s).”
The strange Greeks’ creation myth compares but also contrasts with the twisting storyline of the Iroquois’ creation myth. From creating the world from a piece of dirt and a turtle’s back, to giving birth to the earth, sea, and sky, these myths both include interesting stories and tales. The characters of the Greek creation myth are somewhat similar to those of the Iroquois’ myth, however, the story and explanations of them both differ greatly.
The Iroquois creation myth comes across a situation in which there is no one for the two females to mate with since there is no male life on earth. Without men, human life on Earth would not continue, and, “when the girl had grown to womanhood, a man appeared,”(Iroquois) which lets the Iroquois tribe know that if they are in a needy situation, the gods have the ability to help out. Because of the gods only helping out humans on Earth when it was needed to sustain life, the Iroquois tribe can assume that in small troubles, it is unlikely the gods will help them. Rather than only helping human life out when it was needed, the gods in the Babylonian myth helped and had a relationship with humans on Earth. The female that helped create human life on Earth felt as if she had sinned, so in result of her sinning, “she changed to a cow to disguise herself, but [the god] changed to a bull and mated with her,”(Babylonian) which ended up creating all of the animals on Earth.
Hesiod’s Theogony and the Babylonian Enuma Elish are both myths that begin as creation myths, explaining how the universe and, later on, humans came to be. These types of myths exist in every culture and, while the account of creation in Hesiod’s Theogony and the Enuma Elish share many similarities, the two myths differ in many ways as well. Both myths begin creation from where the universe is a formless state, from which the primordial gods emerge. The idea of the earth and sky beginning as one and then being separated is also expressed in both myths.
Through studies such as comparative mythology, researchers and philosophers have discover hundreds of parallels between the myths that make up every culture, including their creation myths. As most are deeply rooted in religion, comparisons based on geographic area, themes, and similar story lines emerge as religions form and migrate. Campbell recognized these similarities an...
Throughout the world there are various cultures with varying religions and creation stories to explain the creation of the Earth and it’s inhabitants. Of these creation stories two with similar and also different characteristics is the Creation story in the book of Genesis which is a part of the 1st Testament in the Hebrew Bible and explains the creation of Earth and humans, and the Theogony which is the greek creation story that describes the origins of the Earth and the Greek Gods. Both the Theogony and the Creation in Genesis show nature as a blessing for humans but it can also affect them negatively, However the myths differ in the ways that the Earth and humans were created and how humans interact with the deities of the creation stories.
Since the beginning of time, humankind has sought to explain the origin of human existence. Thus, indigenous people from around the world provide varying explanations of how man's presence began on the earth. Naturally, the Native Americans tribes who populated America prior to the Europeans discovery of the new land also possessed their own creation myths. The following compares two different Native American creation myths taken from different points in early American history. Will the different versions demonstrate a Christian influence that accompanied the European settlers in the new world?
The creation myths that I have studied are similar in many ways. They also have differences that show an inherently different way of thinking about the world. All have creators-gods that make the world into what is now. There are conflicts within their world, and these conflicts change the face world. God to god or human to god maybe be involved in these conflicts. Their bloody struggles prove who is more powerful, causing change in the control of the world. Some gods are beneficial to man and others are self-serving, using man only as a tool.
Just look at two creation stories side-by-side and you should easily see their similarities. Perhaps the easiest way to do this would be to take one unknown creation story and compare it to one from one’s own culture. Below is an example of a Mongolian creation myth:
One way of examining the values and traditions of a people is to look at their explanations for how the world came to be. These stories make such wonderful tools for analysis because all cultures have some sort of ‘creation’ story. Thus to compare groups of people we may start by looking at their creation mythology. It is important to note that the downfall of comparing mythologies is that in a way it is like comparing apples to oranges. This is because not every myth portrays and explains the same elements.
The place of evolution in public schools is embedded in the cultural conflicts of American politics. This debate has been the center of the "culture wars" since the Scopes trial in the 1920s and remains to be a point of contention today. A 2005 poll reports that 38% of Americans would prefer teaching creationism instead of evolution, so divide is clearly significant (Berkman 485). The issue continues to spark questions of what "common" means in the context of separation of church and state. To the extent that evolution is similar to other "morality policies," the battle has symbolic meaning for the mass public as well as strong implications for the power of science as a "social institution" (486). The trouble with the battle between secularists and creationists today is that it is often seen as a divide between religion and science. Failing to acknowledge any validity in the creationist argument reveals ignorance and further polarizes the nation. At the surface level, separation of church and state is simple enough: remove creationism entirely from public schools to avoid conflict. However, the moral implications are far deeper.
In Genesis, God made one male and later one female companion for him from his rib. In Egyptian lore, Neb-er-tcher created multiple men and woman from his tears at the same time, as shown when he states “…I gathered together my members, and I wept over them, and men and women sprang into being from the tears which came forth from my Eye.” Another apparent difference between the two texts is displayed when Neb-er-tcher creates two more Gods from his own being. Where Neb-er-tcher expanded the divine hierarchy, in Genesis, God remained the sole deity.
In all these stories there is a chief creator. One god, or creator, is in charge of populating the Earth and making men. Two of these stories have similar concepts in relation to the creation of men. Men being created out of clay is similar in the "Creation by Thought" story and "An African Story of the Creation of Man".
Throughout studying many myths, I came up with many new observations. Many questions came into my mind about these myths. Greek mythology takes us back to a time when people had a connection with nature and when nature played a major role in people’s lives. The religious beliefs of the people who wrote the myths are found in the background of these myths; however, they are not to be read like religious texts. The myths try to offer explanations of “how”, which makes us think deeply about the purpose of these myths and the questions they draw to our minds. According to the myths we studied in class, the world created the gods, not the other way around. The gods were always created in the image of man, which shows how much men were important in their society. Furthermore, many of these Greek myths show us the difference between the views of the Greek then and our view towards many aspects of the society, including nature. Monsters appear in Greek myths and have different representations and roles. Greek mythology reflects a view of the Greeks towards the world and how certain aspects of their lives are similar and different to modern society.