In this paper literature review of different types of battery models are given. These battery models having various characteristics are discussed and these models also described. In this paper, important parameters of battery like state of health(SOH), state of charge(SOC), run time etc. which affect the performance of battery. This paper gives the brief information of battery models. Moreover merits and demerits of these battery models are summarized. Battery is used to store energy basically its convert chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. This property of battery is very useful in power system. It has used everywhere for availability of energy. Some of its main applications are grown in last decade of year, these are:
• Battery is in Electrical vehicle[1].
• For the energy storage in plant we use Battery Energy Storage Plants. In this we compensate the flow active or reactive power.
• Batteries are used in Uninterrupted Power Supplies.
There are many parameters related to battery modeling like internal resistance, discharge type and discharge mode.
Internal resistance consisting of Self-discharge Resistance, Resistances for Charge and Discharge and Overcharge and Over-discharge resistance[2]. In discharge type one is Continuous Discharging in which battery gives the energy to load without any rest and other is intermittent discharging gives the energy to load for a period due to which voltage recovery take place cause increase in voltage. Discharge mode is consisting of constant load, constant current, constant power and rate of charge/discharge. High rate of charge/discharge decrease the battery life so avoiding this problem battery management system will introduced[3]. A controlling method is used to avoi...
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...her part is V-I characteristics in which and gives the transient response, and [24]. This modified model is used for predicting battery Run-time and I-V characteristic but this model is not suitable for transient response occurred due to short duration load. This model is used in Li-ion, NiMH, and lead-acid batteries for predicting SOC, terminal voltage, and power losses. Accurate determination of battery in this model, discharge capacity is a function of the discharge rate i(t) , temperature and cycle number it also include rate factor . SOC and is given by equation as:This paper is a literature reviews of different the types of battery models. These models having different properties as well as different characteristics. State of charge, run time etc we have different models for different applications like HEVs/EVs we use the adaptive model
Energy storage is a means of storing energy for future use and can be accessed when needed. Storage can also make the power more solid or resilient so that it can be managed easier. According to Lockheed Martin “The GridStar Lithium-ion system can help customers reduce electric bills, help utilities defer costly transmission and distribution infrastructure upgrades, and enable the integration of behind-the-meter customer renewable electricity production” (Corporation,
It was also possible to simulate ED system after the electric resistances of the equivalent circuit were obtained from the analysis of the time course of PaCl. The simulation results agreed with ED data very well.
This paper propose an adequate approach of charging and recharging Smartphone batteries by Converting Power to Data and transmitted through a Wi-Fi ( Radio Wave) connectivity, also interconnect with Power consumption application that will automate and asynchrous power consumptions . The outcome of this research is recharge Smartphone batteries whenever Wi-Fi connectivity is available and accessible. And not to worry
Kranzler, J. H., Flores, C. G., & Coady, M. (2010). Examination of the Cross-Battery Approach
This paper is a discussion of the role played by the ideals of the Enlightenment in the invention and assessment of artifacts like the electric battery. The first electric battery was built in 1799 by Alessandro Volta, who was both a natural philosopher and an artisan-like inventor of intriguing machines. I will show that the story of Volta and the battery contains three plots, each characterized by its own pace and logic. One is the story of natural philosophy, a second is the story of artifacts like the battery, and the third is the story of the loose, long-term values used to assess achievement and reward within and outside expert communities. An analysis of the three plots reveals that late eighteenth-century natural philosophers, despite their frequent celebration of 'useful knowledge,' were not fully prepared to accept the philosophical dignity of artifacts stemming from laboratory practice. Their hesitation was the consequence of a hierarchy of ranks and ascribed competence that was well established within the expert community. In order to make artifacts stemming from laboratory practice fully acceptable within the domain of natural philosophy, some important changes had yet to occur. Still, the case overwhelmingly shows that artifacts rightly belong to the long and varied list of items that make up the legacy of the Enlightenment.
Some batteries consists of harmful toxic acids and it may have threats of leakage because of its liquid state. This is called gr...
Some other reasons for the popularity of Lithium-Ion Batteries is that they hold their charge over a long period of time. A Lithium-Ion Battery loses only 5% of the battery’s charge per month while a Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery loses 20% of the battery’s charge per month. Finally, Lithium-Ion Batteries are designed so they can be charged at any time, even if the battery was not at zero percent to begin with (Howstuffworks, 2009).
Energy plays a critical role in the society of today, from the lights in your room to the medical equipment in the city hospital, human life depends greatly on energy production. Between the energy crisis of the 70s and the increasing carbon emissions in the air, renewable and alternative energy has seen increasing demand in research. While solar and wind plants are effective, they face challenges in their inability to hold excess power to be evenly distributed when required during maximum and non-maximum peak hours. To address this issue, energy-storage devices, such as secondary batteries and hydrogen fuel cells have undergone research, testing, and eventual commercial use. Among these energy-storage devices is the Redox Flow Battery (RFB), a secondary battery with a simple but productive design. While commercialisation and design on a large-scale has been hit and miss for most systems, the Redox Flow Battery still provides an effective energy storage tool for now and the future.
Batteries where the chemicals cannot be returned to their original form once the energy has been converted (that is, batteries that have been discharged) are called primary cells or voltaic cells. Batteries in which the chemicals can be returned to its original form by passing an electric current through them in the direction opposite that of normal cell operation are called secondary cells, rechargeable cells, storage cells, or accumulators.
The power from this battery is used to feed the auxiliary components of the vehicle such as air-conditioner, seat heating device, music systems, and refrigerator. The advantage of ISG is that it is able to provide power to these auxiliary elements even when the engine is off as the power generation is not from the internal combustion engine. The reason behind the use of 42-volt electrical system instead of conventional 14-volt electrical system is because of more secure current supply to the sophisticated information systems used in the vehicles. In fact this is the first step in the transition from 12 or 14 volt system to 42-volt system which is one of the major priority of the hybrid vehicle
In conclusion, the best type of battery varies depending on the certain situation. For instance, lithium-ion cells are best for cellphones while lead-acid cells are best for automobiles. Each type of battery has their own advantages and disadvantages, so sacrifices must be made. The chosen battery will depend on the design specifications and requirements.
Demand for energy continues to rise unabated, so it is essential now to introduce alternative methods to produce electric energy to secure or energy future. Different methods are available to renewable the energy and meet the needs of population but security of health and income should be priority.
Energy is the basic necessity of daily life. Nowadays, dependence on fossil fuels for energy needs becoming lower in numerous countries due to the potential of renewable energy to supply sustainable energy to the huge populations in many developing countries who are short of clean and continues energy. Generally, renewable energy can be defined as energy that is derived from natural resources which are constantly replenished and theoretically inexhaustible. Fossil fuels on the other hand can be described as energy that cannot be renewed and will eventually diminish. Thus, in many developing countries renewable energy is the alternative energy to replace non-renewable energy or commonly known as fossil fuels. In addition, according to Sorensen (2004), there is a greater demand for renewable energy sources nowadays due to the uncertainty of fuel price rise in living expenses. Commonly, there are many types of renewable energy available in our world such as wind power, biomass energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. However, the main three example of renewable energy are hydroelectric power, solar and biomass energy (Refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Understanding the environment would help you recognise the appropriate energy production system to use. Renewable energy is an alternative natural source to fossil fuels like sunlight, wind and geothermal heat. Wind turbines and photovoltaic panels are examples of energy production systems where the conditions of a particular environment has to be taken into account. If a building is located alongside or near
Plants range from small systems, for a house or whole village, to big projects creating electricity for all kinds of utilities.