Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Impact of women during the renaissance
Impact of women during the renaissance
Gender equality in the past vs present
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Impact of women during the renaissance
Before the 21st century, women have faced many obstacles when trying to gain equality. They were seen as the “weaker sex” and were seen as not as educated or not as capable as men. Even when some women tried proving these statements to be wrong and showed that they were just as capable as men and assert any sort of opinions they were ostracized and dismissed. They were seen as un-ladylike and were not respected. Women were not given a chance to prove that they were equal to men during this time. Any opinions they raised were quickly dismissed. Many women writers and thinkers were not taken seriously at this time (many having to create pseudonyms to hide their gender when they wished to not only be published but to be taken seriously), and even the very “influential” women of the salons had very little to no credibility in the male dominated political and social sector. They were seen as inferior to men, especially when it came to education and being able to spread their ideas to the public. Education for women was very different from the education men received. Also most women of this time were not encouraged to pursue higher education. It is very interesting how women were said to be uneducated when they weren’t even given the opportunity to become educated.
One woman however, challenged a lot of these social “norms” and expectations of women. She was Emilie du Chatelet. Emilie du Chatelet was one of the most educated women of her time. She was the exception to the rule. Of course there were a lot of factors that made it possible for Emilie du Chatelet to become the educated mathematician and scientist she was. She was given a lot of opportunities to express herself such as: (1) her early life/ education, (2) salons/Dressi...
... middle of paper ...
...oke a lot of rules and challenged many of the social norms that women of the day were expected to uphold, such as (1) being not only an educated woman but was a highly intellectual woman, (2) was able to attend
I. She challenged the social norms of women in her time.
II. Emilie du Chatelet did things that most women of her time could not do. She still was not respected as men were but she is remembered in history.
http://womeninscience.history.msu.edu/Object/C-46-1/institutions-de-physique-1740--/. Women in Science (Institutions de Physique) Women and the Paris Academy of Science. Vesna Petrovich. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30053914?uid=3739832&uid=2134&uid=2477106767&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=2477106757&uid=3739256&uid=60&sid=21103078775477 http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/women/chatelet.html Women and the Paris Academy of Science. Vesna Petrovich.
The 17th and 18th centuries saw the embryonic stage of women’s quest for intellectual and social parity with men. The evolution of women’s fight for equal opportunities was bogged down by a long history of stereotyping and condescension. Women were weaker physically, bore children and nurtured them. The economics and culture of Europe at this time was strongly influenced by religion and resulted in prejudice against women. The dominating religions of Europe in the 1600’s and 1700’s (Catholicism and Protestantism), citing the bible, reinforced women’s roles as mother’s, wives, and homemakers. Women were considered the weaker sex both physically and mentally. Men and most women assumed that because women gave birth and produced milk for their infants, God intended that their place was in the home. Men’s egos, as well, did not allow for women to compete with them. Males thought their place was to rule, fight wars, provide income, teach and be the head of his family. Women were not accepted in academics, politics, church leadership, business, or the military. Despite these prejudices, women saw an opportunity in the sciences. As a discipline based on observations and deductive reasoning it did not necessarily require a comprehensive academic background. Since most women were deprived of the more advanced education that men received, it was the perfect field for them to begin their pursuit of equality. As a result, a growing number of women actively participated in scientific research in chemistry, astronomy, biology, botany, medicine, and entomology.
Female scientists such as Maria Merian and Marquise Emilie du Chatelet had an impact on western science, demonstrating how women were capable of contributing to the sciences despite society’s opinions. Merian published her book Wonderful Metamorphoses and Special Nourishment of Caterpillars during a time when women were criticized for publishing books and demonstrates how society was not able to completely repress women in science (Doc 5). Marquise Emmilie du Chatelet’s letter to the Marquis Jean Francois de Saint-Lambert also demonstrates how women refused to be repressed by society. She refuted his reproach of her translating Newton’s Principia, a translation so thorough it is still used today (Doc 11). Some men in the sciences also gained a respect for women and their contributions. Not all men at the time believed women were incapable of learning at a university level like Junker did. Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician, even went as far as to state “women of elevated mind advanced knowledge more properly than do men.” As a philosopher Leibniz likely thought beyond society’s opinions, which is why he did not conform (Doc 7). Johannes Hevelius and Gottfried Krich disregarded the notion that collaborating with women was seen as embarrassing, and both collaborated with their wives (Doc 4 and Doc
Women had a role in the forming of our country that many historians overlook. In the years leading to the revolution and after women were political activists. During the war, women took care of the home front. Some poor women followed the army and assisted to the troops. They acted as cooks, laundresses and nurses. There were even soldiers and spies that were women. After the revolution, women advocated for higher education. In the early 1800’s women aided in the increase of factories, and the changing of American society. Women in America were an important and active part of achieving independence and the framing of American life over the years.
Throughout history, women have always aimed for a recognized place in society. Centuries ago, people looked at the role of women in society as being sociologically inferior. Seeing the revival of the Feminist movement, which boldly opposes the stereotypical characteristics of women in society, on one hand, and promotes the elevation of women's status in society, on the other, one would not find it hard to believe the drastic differences in opinion of people on this issue. What is amazing is how these differences reflect upon scholarly works in science.
Throughout history, women have struggled with, and fought against oppression. They have been held back and weighed down by the sexist ideas of a male dominated society which has controlled cultural, economic and political ideas and structure. During the mid-1800’s to early 1900’s women became more vocal and rebuked sexism and the role that had been defined for them. Fighting with the powerful written word, women sought a voice, equality amongst men and an identity outside of their family. In many literary writings, especially by women, during the mid-1800’s to early 1900’s, we see symbols of oppression and the search for gender equality in society. Writing based on their own experiences, had it not been for the works of Susan Glaspell, Kate Chopin, and similar feminist authors of their time, we may not have seen a reform movement to improve gender roles in a culture in which women had been overshadowed by men.
"Women were denied knowledge of their history, and thus each woman had to argue as though no woman before her had ever thought or written. Women had to use their energy to reinvent the wheel, over and over again, generation after generation. ... thinking women of each generation had to waste their time, energy and talent on constructing their argument anew. Generation after generation, in the face of recurrent discontinuities, women thought their way around and out from under patriarchal thought." (Lerner qtd in Merrim Modern Women xxiii)
The Parisian salons of the 18th century allowed women to play a positive role in the public sphere of French society. Salons provided a unique outlet where women's ideas could be heard. Women, in addition to conversing with men at an academic level, had the power to influence the topics major philosophers studied. The cross-class communication that salons promoted also allowed social groups, which had never before interacted, to share ideas. Women's contributions to the development of intellectual and scientific ideas through their role as salonnières marked a cultural shift in how women should be accepted and involved in society. Though still limiting, salons forged the way for women's rights and leadership in the arts, sciences and politics.
During the Scientific Revolution, some women performed research and experimentation of their own. These women were all upper class, because they had the access to education and science, but they also faced the most opposition from society. The doctors and medical professionals of the time said of these women that any learning, and even knowing how to read, would damage their ovaries (Barnett and Sabattini). Carl Friedrich Gauss, a French mathematician, said of women in science:
The Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more ?? and the advances in scientific and educated thinking, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to further their status, enlightened women published pamphlets and other works advocating for educational rights and political recognition. Even with this evolution of woman in society, many still clung to the belief that the role of the woman was solely domestic. The females that spoke up were usually deemed unnatural. However these women used the time period of reason and science that allowed them the opportunity to break away from their domestic roles and alter the view of women in society.
Many men knew that if women were educated, they would not depend on the men. For centuries, only men were educated. In the 1800, women started to come out of their house and reached for the education in colleges. Most people were antagonistic to having women go to college and having the same education as men. They thought that women should just take care of their husband and kids. The society thought that coed colleges were more barbaric, because they thought that men and women could not work together. The women’s colleges became a light for the women in 1800’s. Women learned to stand up for their rights by getting educated in college.
Vindication of the Rights for Women by Mary Wollstonecraft was published in 1792, during the French Revolution. Wollstonecraft preached that intellect will always govern to persuade women not to endeavor to acquire knowledge but convince them that the soft phrases, acceptability of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are most preferred. By intellect, I mean the men because they were the ones that were allowed to get an education therefore allowing them to become intellectual. Wollstonecraft cleverly does not try to prove her point through protests or accusations, but argue that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education. She suggests that both men and women should be treated as rational beings and imagines a social order founded on reason. She believed it was unfair for women to be treated differently and passionately wanted to make a change. That it was time to let go of feelings and begin the thought process behind the rationality of the women’s predicament. Men felt that while they would get an education an...
“Did you know America ranks the lowest in education but the highest in drug use? It's nice to be number one, but we can fix that. All we need to do is start the war on education. If it's anywhere near as successful as our war on drugs, in no time we'll all be hooked on phonics” -Leighann (Lord) Leighamm Lord is a comedian, but when it comes to the education of children, she takes it very seriously and it is not so much a joke to her. Children are the future, and giving them the best education available is crucial to the future. Making decisions in the educational system would not only better the future, but the children’s future. These changes of segregating classrooms, will give the children a better working environment, to improve test scores, and academic advancements. Research shows that segregating classrooms would be a great step to a successful future; however, conflicting arguments to the negative and positive impacts of segregating classrooms to consider.
pioneers for the feminist cause. She would inspire women during the 18th century as well as women of
Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey. Women in Science: Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT, 1988. Print.
To me, equality of opportunity in public education is where every single person deserves and is entitled to an equal chance to obtain a good education, grow and make positive progress throughout their time in school, and be successful in reaching their full potential later in life. These people should be treated identically, not differently due to their gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.