Armor in the poem Beowulf
Armor mentioned in the poem Beowulf include helmets and chain mail. There are an incredible number of references to these battle-apparel in the poem, making this topic of armor a very relevant one to consider.
“Helmets are the most dramatic and often quoted item of armor found in Beowulf,” says Catherine M. Hills in “Beowulf and Archaeology.” Indeed, examining the poem, one finds copious references to helmets in just the first 400 lines of the poem:
Boar-figures gleamed
over plated cheek-guards, inlaid with gold;
shining, fire-hardened, fierce war-masks
guarded their lives (303-6)
iron-gray corselets, and grim mask-helmets (334)
the Geatish leader spoke in his turn,
strong in his helmet (341-2)
Now you may enter, in your battle-armor,
wearing war-masks (395-6)
Brave in his helmet
[he advanced] till he stood before the king (403-4)
“Beowulf’s own helmet was ‘inlaid with gold, hooped with lodly bands, and decorated with effigies of boars’” (Arnold 91). In Europe there have been found about 100 helmets dating mostly to the sixth and seventh centuries; of the three types, two are from the Romans. 37 are of the English-Scandinavian type, with a ridge running across the top from nose to rear. Some of these were found buried in cremations in Gotland. In England only three Anglo-Saxon helmets have been found: Benty Grange – 7th century; York – 8th Century; Sutton Hoo – 6th century. section of chain-mail was found attached to the York helmet as a nec...
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...tion and design in the making of helmets especially.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arnold, Ralph. “Royal Halls – the Sutton Hoo ShipBurial.” In Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975
Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977.
Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.
Cramp, Rosemary. “Beowulf and Archaeology.” In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.
Hills, Catherine M. “Beowulf and Archaeology.” In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.
Stanley, E.G.. “Beowulf.” In The Beowulf Reader, edited by Peter S. Baker. New York: Garland Publishing, 2000.
Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf: A New Verse Translation. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2000. Print.
...ncyclopedia of Archaeology, Ed. Deborah M. Pearsall. Vol. 3. Oxford, United Kingdom: Academic Press, 2008. p1896-1905. New Britain: Elsevier, Inc.
Magoun, Frances P. “Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry.” In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.
In “Beowulf and Archaeology” Catherine M. Hills states: “The most important weapon referred to in Beowulf is the sword” (305). In the poem lines 1557 ff. tell the poet’s description of the sword Beowulf finds in the mere:
> In the introduction, Burton Raffel states, “The important > tools, in this poem, are weapons: proven swords and helmets > are handed down from father to son, like the vital > treasures they were. Swords have personalities, and names: > � (xi) > Beowulf uses Hrothgar’s helmet and armor to protect > him from serpents’ claws while he descends into the lake to > meet Grendel’s mother.
John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. he graduated from Harvard in 1940. then shortly after he signed up for the navy, and 3 years into his navy service, August 2nd at 2:30 in the morning Kennedys pt boat (Patrol Torpedo boats) was hit and sunken by a Japanese destroyer boat. Kennedy swam out to save Patrick Henry McMahon and Charles Harris. Kennedy pulled McMahon by a life-vest strap, and he talked Harris into doing the difficult swim back to the wreckage. After he came back from the war, he became a House of Representative Democratic Congressman, and then senate in 1953. He later then married Jacqueline Bouvieron September 12, 1953. They had two children Caroline and John Jr, and a third child Patric...
John F. Kennedy had many eventful things happen while he grew older. Kennedy got his education by going to, The Choate School and Harvard College. After his graduation from, Harvard he joined the U.S. Navy and entered World War II. After his patrol boat sunk, he swam himself to safety, then going back to the sinking boat and sacrificed his life to save injured in the boat. However Kennedys brother, who had also been part of World War II died while, fighting in Europe, which made john “next in line” for political leadership within the powerful Kennedy Clan.
Rebsamen, Frederick R.. in “Beowulf – A Personal Elegy.” Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975
It all started May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, the day John F. Kennedy was born. Jack as the Kennedy’s called him was born to the parents Joseph P. and Rose Kennedy. Jack may not have been the first born in the family, but he certainly wasn’t the last. He was born as the second child out of nine children in the family, and they all were successful. All eleven of the Kennedy’s lived in a clapboard house in Brookline, a town just outside of Boston. Jack had a lot to live up to though, being the second born and also being named after Rose’s father John F. Fitzgerald, or Honey Fitz as some referred to him as. Honey Fitz was a popular politician and a former mayor of Boston.
Joe and John were very close. While young, Joe said he would be the president of the United States. The Kennedy family believed him. Mr. Kennedy was named the ambassador to Great Britain in 1937. While in England, John and his brother worked as international reporters for their father. The family returned home in 1939 and John graduated with honors in 1940. He wrote his graduating thesis and expanded it into a book Why England Slept.
“Beowulf.” Trans. Suzanne Akbari. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd ed. Vol. B. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 112-82. Print.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Ma. He was born into a very wealthy family the Fitzgerald and the Kennedy’s, both were prominent Irish Catholic families. JFK was the second oldest out of 9 siblings which they were all extraordinary siblings, and from Eunice Kennedy founding the Special Olympics, Robert Kennedy being a U.S. Attorney General, and Ted Kennedy was one of the most persuasive senators in American History. But other than all of them being substantial to the Government they remained close-knit and supportive of each other throughout their unified lives. JFK attended a Catholic boys boarding school in New Milford, Connecticut called Canterbury, where exceeded in English and history but nearly flunked out of Latin, which he did not have any interest. After he got out of Canterbury he went on to Choate, which is an exclusive Connecticut preparatory school. After graduating from Choate and went to Princeton University for one semester then in 1936 Kennedy transferred to Harvard University. While he was there he was proving to be an average student due to his interest in sports and women. He was also very popular with his classmates at Harvard. As he grew older he began taking his studies seriously and began to realize his pot...
Hieatt, Constance B. "Envelope Patterns and the Structure of Beowulf," English Studies in Canada 1 (1975): 249-265.
Hieatt, Constance B. "Envelope Patterns and the Structure of Beowulf," English Studies in Canada 1 (1975): 249-265.
Beowulf. Holt elements of literature. Ed G Kylene Beers and Lee Odeel. 6th ed. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2008. 21-48. Print.