Environmental Intervention

The six types of health intervention are identified as educational, managerial, legislative, environmental, structural and individual-population methods of intervention. Education intervention, people can act purposely only when the know what to do; they are more motivated to act if they know they are personally menaced in general they prefer truth to falsehood. All dimensions can be influence by education and by knowledge seeks to produce. (14) Meanwhile, critics mention that education intervention is that knowledge flows from the top to the bottom of social hierarchy and from experts to lay people. (15). According to this position, people act in ways that profession seem unhealthy, they must do it from ignorance. (16)

Managerial intervention consists of changes in work practice or management. Policies or other rules designed to guide behavior at a particular site. (17) In most cases such interventions often take place in hospital and clinics. Some example from health services include modification to rule about record keeping, second opinion or case audit as well as decision to implement in service training or second opinion continues education activities for an entire staff (18) however, this type of intervention may be completely ineffective if they are not proceeded by extensive strategies of how administrative policies and management practice influence existing behavior. Anthropologist Judith justice provide an important example of managerial intervention in Nepal when she described the failure of a problem to send assistant nurse midwives to rural areas in Nepal. (18). The program enacted largely because of international pressure, paid insufficient attention to the political context and culture. (19)

Legislative intervention offers cover large audience and usually carries explicit premiums (e.g. tax incentives) or penalties (e.g. fines or jail terms) legislative intervention requires support from policy makers and takes time to pass and implement. (20) In some cases, legislative intervention involves a struggle between completing interest group with significant reserves at stake. The legislative changes that alternative sale tactics of nestle company in hospital cause about largely because of consumer pressure. (21)

Environmental intervention changes the physical space or the use of physical space, so as to link a desire outcome inextricably with some practice (22) traffic laws focuses on the objective is to reduce the number of traffic fatalities, environmental intervention can modify how car behave in an accident through implement a traffic law. Other factors also restrict the use of environmental intervention because the category term such as place is still poorly conceptualized and measure in epidemiology.