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Impact of the environment on human health
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Introduction
There is substantial research focused on the economic and environmental effects of high-rise apartments in Singapore. However, there is a lack of studies showing the social effects of these apartments. These social effects directly affect the mental health of its occupants. The social, economic, environmental effects of high-rise apartments in other countries are also relevant to this paper. Hence, the existing literatures on the environmental, social and economic effects of high-rise apartments of various countries are reviewed in this paper.
Advantages of high-rise apartments
There are considerable benefits in building high-rise apartments. The high density living space promises economic and environmental benefits such as reduced land use and increased transport efficiency (Barter 2000) as well as social benefits such as improved access to facilities (Kaido 2005) as well as improving the sense of community by creating shared social spaces (Lim 2011). It also gives a sense of privacy while offering perception of visual contact with society, nature and space (Wassenberg 2013) and there are health benefits in living on upper floors, such as the reduced likelihood of dying of heart or lung disease (Hagan 2013). When built near the town center, apartments can provide its occupants with a high profile location with branding and image value as well as regenerate the spatial program of the locale (Lora 2002). High-rise apartments are continually built in a myriad of countries as a solution to the urgent need for housing and the lack of land.
High-rise apartments in Singapore
In Singapore, high-rise buildings are seen as the new vernacular, and there is general acceptance of high-rise apartments as a regular typology of ...
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...-rise apartments became the main housing typology. Moreover it also showed that people living on upper floors of high-rise apartments are 60% more likely to commit suicide by jumping (Hagan 2013). However, this study does not compare between people living in terrace houses or other forms of row houses. Therefore, a clear relation between high-rise living and mental health cannot be drawn.
In conclusion, there is a need for a study on the relation with mental health and high-rise apartment living in today’s society as there is a rise in stress levels in Singapore, causing a mixture of issues such as the lack of graciousness and the hindrance of creative thinking amongst students. Although Singapore’s rising population density dictates that high-rise apartments are the fastest way to house the population, its effect on the lives of these people are important as well.
According to The World Health Organisation (WHO) a Social Determinant of Health “Are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age” Social determinates of health (The World Health Organisation, 2017). (Charted institute of Environmental Health, 2015) says that poor housing can lead to poor health and intensify existing health conditions meaning housing is a key determinant of health as it affects people from birth to older age. Throughout this essay the physical mental health needs of individuals, families and communities will be shown and how housing may affect this.
“gentrification as an ugly product of greed”. Yet these perspectives miss the point. Gentrification is a byproduct of mankind's continuing interest in advancing the notion that one group is more superior to another and worthy of capitalistic consumption with little regard to social consciousness. It is elitism with the utmost and exclusionary politics to the core. This has been a constant theme of mankind taking or depleting space for personal gain.
Gentrification is defined as the process by which the wealthy or upper middle class uproot poorer individuals through the renovation and rebuilding of poor neighborhoods. Many long-term residents find themselves no longer able to afford to live in an area, where the rent and property values are increasing. Gentrification is a very controversial topic, revealing both the positive and negative aspects of the process. Some of the more desirable outcomes include reduced crime rate, increased economic activity, and the building of new infrastructures. However, it is debated whether the negatives overwhelm the positive. An increase in the number of evictions of low-income families, often racial minorities can lead to a decline of diversity
Dawsey, Josh. "Apartments Rise as Shelter Option in New York City." WSJ.com. Dow Jones, 12
Although restricting new constructions might seem relevant, it imposes costs to the society at large. Stopping housing constructions in attractive areas increase the housing prices. The federal housing policy decreases the home mortgage interest rate, which encourages people to own houses in the suburbs. This results in higher carbon emissions. However, this could be lower through carbon tax. Human face-to-face interaction is critical. New technological advancements increase productivity. Overall, the sustaining gift of the cities reflects the social nature of humanity (p.
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community organizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. “By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda.
Gentrification is the keystone for the progression of the basic standards of living in urban environments. A prerequisite for the advancement of urban areas is an improvement of housing, dining, and general social services. One of the most revered and illustrious examples of gentrification in an urban setting is New York City. New York City’s gentrification projects are seen as a model for gentrification for not only America, but also the rest of the world. Gentrification in an urban setting is much more complex and has deeper ramifications than seen at face value. With changes in housing, modifications to the quality of life in the surrounding area must be considered as well. Constant lifestyle changes in a community can push out life-time
Homes are normally based on a solitary level with an edge rooftop. Houses in the more swarmed urban communities frequently have two or more stories and mirror an European impact. A great many people lived in single-family homes until the relocation to urban focuses in the late 1940’s and mid 1950’s. The requirement for satisfactory lodging induced the legislature to put resources into high-masses of open lodging activities amid the mid 1950’s. In the poorer territories, huge families live in little houses developed from ash squares and secured with an adobe made of mud, bovine compost, and
Over the years it has become a national common characteristic of the entire nation. Not only does homelessness effect an individual’s health and well- being, but it effects society as a whole. Due to the fact that many people who are without shelter or everyday necessities tend to be looked upon as thieves, and criminals who are labeled as sick and mentally ill. Many states who claim majority to be men. It is documented that 1/3rd of the homeless population has been issued to suffer from some sort of mental illness. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration mental illness was ruled as the third largest root to homelessness for many single adults. The hypothesis was conclude after a survey was collected in 2008, it showed that in 25 cities around 1/8th of cities claim that mental illness is ranked to be the peak to homelessness and 38 % suffer from alcohol and numbers increase when it comes to alcohol abuse. In most case these single adults who suffer from mental illness are not able to maintain house hold management. Those who are of urban landscape show a greater number of homeless who reside in that current state. That means that there are roughly around 62.9 % of people who suffer from mental health are documented for treatment and out of that percentage around 26 % mental individual make of the individuals staying in shelters and the rest of the individuals find themselves partaking in the street life. And then there are those who go
As the environmental problems become more and more serious these years, especially that intense negative impact that buildings in modern cities bring to the cities, the concept of Green Building is being more and more important considered by local and federal government. According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), a green building is one that utilizes design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and the building's occupants. Besides the more and more advanced building structure and technology, the main goal of green building is to protect the health of the occupants, save energy and reduce pollution to environment. There are many certifications of green buildings to judge whether the building meets the standard of green buildings and what environmental performance level is this building at, to help government regulators, building professionals and consumers to see better how this building can be improved and what is its impact on human beings and environment. Such green building programs include Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program, National Association of Home Builders (NAHB Green), etc. Among them, LEED is one of the most popular certification programs that give the building credits for its environmental performance. In this essay, I will discuss the costs and benefits of different types of building projects that were certified by LEED.
Despite the fact that novel technologies are continuously under development to complement existing practices in coming up with greener buildings, the universal intent is that such structures are designed to diminish the general effect on the built environment on health of the humans in addition to the natural environment via: Diminishing environmental degradation, pollution and waste, improving productivity of the employee and guarding occupant health, efficient usage of water, energy, in addition to other resources.
Steptoe, A., & Fqeldman, P. (2001). Neighborhood problems as sources of chronic stress: development of a measure of neighborhood problems, and associations with socioeconomic status and health. London: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health.
The present world with its sustainable resources, environment and way of life became developed. The population growth, consuming almost all the available resources, to meet people’s needs, should be a major concern. The consumption of material and energy around the world which is about to eliminate the available supply, has increased over the last two decades, especially in the built environment. In order to access other reserves of fuel, the more energy will be needed to use.
Throughout the history, buildings and apartments are all constructed in low-rise applications, causing huge amounts of land being consumed in such a small area. The reason why these structures are built in such a low level is because there was nothing to rise people up to higher levels. The invention of the elevator has had a great contribution towards the solution of this problem, which not only allows people to have the ability to get to higher floors, and also decreases the amount of land being used in our small city. Besides these solutions that the elevator has contributed greatly to, the elevator has also impacted strongly on a few aspects in our society, including environmental and social issues.
The methodology enabled the researcher to offer more insight into the issue of housing and health and helped further in the development of ideas as well as hypotheses for the quantitative research. The researcher used the qualitative methodology to uncover the trends witnessed in the housing and health realm mostly through thought and opinions which enabled him to delve more into the issue (Chilisa,2012). The main data collection techniques used by the researcher included observations and interviews.