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There are three major factors associated with white-collar crime. The drive for profit is not a bad thing until all you care about is making money and the safety of people is no longer a priority. The structure of a company makes it very difficult to find one single individual who is responsible when an order can be carried out by a number of people just listening to the boss. The culture of an organizations are the beliefs and actions that influence the employees of a company. Michael L. Benson says in his book, "The offenders argued that they were merely following established and necessary industry practices. These practices were presented as being necessary for the well-being of the industry as a whole, not to mention their own companies as well." The offenders truly believe that what they were …show more content…
In Enron the people high up in the chain of command showed how their drive for profit became more important than the employees of Enron. In the documentary it was stated that in the early stages of the company, every year they would lay off 15% of the employees based on coworker evaluations. Every person was rated on a scale of one to five, one being the best and five being the worst, and at least 10 to 15 percent had to be rated a five which meant termination from the company. Another example for Enron's drive for profit was the fact that they knew the company was going down so they sold all their assets and made millions of dollars, leaving thousands of employees jobless. The complicated structure of Enron made it more difficult for authorities to pin the crimes of the company on certain people. Enron had assets in many different companies and if the company didn't reach the projected amount of money then the ranking officials of Enron would transfer the loss to an off-the-books corporation where no one would find it. Enron
2 Companies are exposed to crimes either from the inside, or the outside. White-collar crime is a complication; harming companies in our society, which costs millions. An example of a white-collar crime would be the Ford Pinto case. When gas prices were rising in the United States, people started to search for economical cars.
The investors saw the stock price go from an all-time high of $90 per share down to nothing in a blink of an eye. Even with the uncertainty surrounding Enron in the late part of 2001, stock analysts were still rating the stock very well. Unfortunately, investors listened to their advice and kept their stock in place. After all was said and done, the investors ended up losing $40 billion and were only able to recover about $7.27 billion from settlements with the banks and auditors. The creditors didn 't fare any better. All in all, they lost around $16 billion. After an initial loss of $21 billion, $5 billion was
White-collar crime is the financially motivated illegal acts that are committed by the middle and upper class through their legitimate business or government activities. This form of crime was first coined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.” (Linden, 2016). Crime has often been associated with the lower class due to economic reasons. However, Sutherland stressed that the Criminal Justice System needed to acknowledge illegal business activity as crime due to the repercussions they caused and the damage they can cause to society (Linden, 2016). Crime was prevalently thought to only be
Though many ‘people are aware of what corporate crimes are there are still many who do not know’. A corporate or white-collar crime can be described as “a crime committed by any person through the venue of his or her employment that benefits the business”, ‘this can mean that a corporation does an illegal act of indifference to better the corporation’. It is argued that corporate crimes are more harmful to the general public than acts of intention. When it comes to these ‘crimes it can be said that many of the victims that it affects do not realize, that they are being affected and if and when they do know it is argued that they are told that it is due to a misfortunate accident and that there is no one to blame for the Act’. Many criminologists such as Sutherland argued that corporate crime is something
white-collar crime” (Shapiro, S. P.). It is no surprise to anyone that positions of trust regularly decentralize to corporations, occupations, and “white-collar” individuals. Nevertheless, the concept of “white-collar crime” involves a false relationship between role-specific norms and the characteristics of those who typically occupy these roles. Most of the time, it is the offender that is looked at more than the crime itself and assumptions about the individuals automatically come into play. It has be to acknowledged that “ class or organizational position are consequential and play a more complex role in creating opportunities for wrongdoing and in shaping and frustrating the social control process than traditional stereotypes have allowed” (Shapiro, S. P.). The opportunities to partake in white-collar crime and violate the trust in which ones position carries are more dependent upon the individuals place in society, not just the work place. The ways in which white-collar criminals establish and exploit trust are an important factor in truly exploring and defining the concept of white-collar crime.
Today, worldwide, there are several thousands of crimes being committed. Some don’t necessarily require a lethal weapon but are associated with various types of sophisticated fraud, this also known as a white-collar crime. These crimes involve a few different methods that take place within a business setting. While ethical business practices add money to the bottom line, unethical practices are ultimately leading to business failure and impacting the U.S. financially.
Another reason it can be difficult to detect corporate crime is that directors within a corporation are unlikely to report the criminal activity of their colleges for the fear that it will hinder their own career success and could even lead to them losing their jobs. Within a company illegal practices could be seen by many as the “in thing” and the people work...
The three main crooks Chairman Ken Lay, CEO Jeff Skilling, and CFO Andrew Fastow, are as off the rack as they come. Fastow was skimming from Enron by ripping off the con artists who showed him how to steal, by hiding Enron debt in dummy corporations, and getting rich off of it. Opportunity theory is ever present because since this scam was done once without penalty, it was done plenty of more times with ease. Skilling however, was the typical amoral nerd, with delusions of grandeur, who wanted to mess around with others because he was ridiculed as a kid, implementing an absurd rank and yank policy that led to employees grading each other, with the lowest graded people being fired. Structural humiliation played a direct role in shaping Skilling's thoughts and future actions. This did not mean the worst employees were fired, only the least popular, or those who were not afraid to tell the truth. Thus, the corrupt culture of Enron was born. At one point, in an inter...
White-collar crime occurs by a certain group of society, the upper social class. These people are appointed in highly respected jobs or fields. These people commit crimes such as corruption, fraud marketing, selling outdated ineffective products and unfaithful advertising. These people do this in order to enhance their personal wealth by income tax evasion or the agreement of bribes. This category of criminal activity is classed as very serious but the convicts tend to not go under a great deal of punishment because of who they are i.e. highly respected politicians and company directors.
...o be intense for arrests for white collar crime than for predatory violence or drug dealing. Indeed, political pressure is more likely to be exerted in blocking or derailing white collar crime investigations than in conventional crime cases, and the police can operate effectively against white collar crime only to the extent that they are relatively free of political influence” (2010:278). Until political influence and the powers of corporations are subdued little can be done to battle this type of crime. People who commit this type of crime have the power to avoid prosecution primarily due the powerful corporations they work for or the institution they are a part of.
Most White Collar crimes are committed by organizations which could be corporations or small businesses. White Collar and Organized Crime can endanger the well-being of people across the country. It is one of the more costly crimes in society. White Collar criminals profit from businesses and Organized crime usually profits from illegal businesses and can use violent measures.
In this day and age, white-collar crimes are those crimes which are generally committed in a business setting and are considered to be non-violent. Some people refer to white-collar crimes as "paper crimes". A few examples of white-collar crimes include wire fraud, forgery, embezzlement and more. Social status is a possible cause of white-collar offenders, most people who have become wealthy feel they need to stay wealthy by any means. Other possible causes include jealousy, greed, and the feeling that they could get away with it because others are unintelligent, such as in Ponzi schemes where they can take advantage of others.
In the end, Enron could not keep itself afloat once it turned to fraud. Shareholders lost $74 billion, thousands of employees and investors lost their retirement accounts, and many employees lost their jobs. Lives were ruined. Lay died before serving time. Skilling got 24 years in prison. Fastow agreed to become an informant and therefore got less time in prison. The company filed for bankruptcy. Arthur Andersen was found guilty of falsifying Enron’s account and destroying evidence, and the firm failed. People still talk about the Enron scandal today, and accounting practices are now held to a higher standard in order to avoid a catastrophe like this again.
Jeff Skillings, CEO of Enron, produced much of the culture within the workplace at Enron. Skillings favorite book was “The Selfish Gene”, which is based on natural selection, competition and exploitation. The basic ideas of survival of the fittest were adapted within the work place and produced a dog-eat-dog atmosphere. Skillings once said, “Money is the only thing that motivates people”. The ruthless culture of competition that was created further fed into the greed of the company.
...occurrence of white-collar crimes in organizations. In this view, to combat white-collar crimes, the criminal justice system needs to devise interventions that target organizational structure, organizational culture, and personality traits in the prevention of white-collar crimes.