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Fastow and the SPE’s
Special purpose entities, or SPE, were created by the chief financial officer Andy Fastow. The purpose of the partnerships with the newly established entities was the high debt of Enron and to record some profit on the sale of Enron assets to these companies. This kind of company needed to be independent from Enron. To establish independence and to comply with GAAP it had to meet two criteria. A. the existence of independent investor who controls at least 3 % of the entity assets. B. investors should act as the controlling shareholder and in making the entity business decisions. Chewco was one of those entities created by Fastow, they wanted it to be used to cover the loses of another entity called JEDI (which had a partnership with CALPERS). They needed this company so they didn’t have to report this loss on their balance sheet therefore they needed some independent investor to take over the 3% of the entity. The outside investors were aware of Enron business in this kind of entity so they wouldn’t participate in such entity. One Enron executive, Michael Kopper, informed Fastow that he is willing to take over the 3% needed to run the company. Kopper made a lot of profit off his new position and also managed to
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The investors saw the stock price go from an all-time high of $90 per share down to nothing in a blink of an eye. Even with the uncertainty surrounding Enron in the late part of 2001, stock analysts were still rating the stock very well. Unfortunately, investors listened to their advice and kept their stock in place. After all was said and done, the investors ended up losing $40 billion and were only able to recover about $7.27 billion from settlements with the banks and auditors. The creditors didn 't fare any better. All in all, they lost around $16 billion. After an initial loss of $21 billion, $5 billion was
Marvin Pickering was a science high school teacher in Will County, Illinois. Pickering was dismissed from his job after he wrote a letter to the editor of the local paper, Lockport Harold. The letter was sarcastically criticizing the way his superintendent and school board raised and spent funds. The superintendent and school board took offense to the comments within the letter and dismissed Marvin Pickering from his teaching job.
Investors and the media once considered Enron to be the company of the future. The company had detailed code of ethics and powerful front men like Kenneth Lay, who is the son of a Baptist minister and whose own son was studying to enter the ministry (Flynt 1). Unfortunately the Enron board waived the company’s own ethic code requirements to allow the company’s Chief Financial Officer to serve as a general partner for the partnership that Enron was using as a conduit for much of its business. They also allowed discrepancies of millions of dollars. It was not until whistleblower Sherron S. Watkins stepped forward that the deceit began to unravel. Enron finally declared bankruptcy on December 2, 2001, leaving employees with out jobs or money.
While many believe Clemson's Deshaun Watson is the answer, drafting the QB could actually destroy the New York Jets.
The Chief Creative Officer, Dawn Amato, and Chief Strategic Officer/ President, Paul Levine, of the marketing company Slightly Mad, came in and gave a presentation on their company and marketing. Dawn Amato, also a partner in the company, helps rebrand many companies that are brought to Slightly Mad. She focuses on design, advertising and internet strategy. Paul Levine has worked in the marketing field for many years and has worked with many high-profile clients and has also received a lot of recognition for his work in the marketing field. Dawn and Paul worked together to launch Slightly Mad by combining both of their skills to create a well- rounded company.
The three main crooks Chairman Ken Lay, CEO Jeff Skilling, and CFO Andrew Fastow, are as off the rack as they come. Fastow was skimming from Enron by ripping off the con artists who showed him how to steal, by hiding Enron debt in dummy corporations, and getting rich off of it. Opportunity theory is ever present because since this scam was done once without penalty, it was done plenty of more times with ease. Skilling however, was the typical amoral nerd, with delusions of grandeur, who wanted to mess around with others because he was ridiculed as a kid, implementing an absurd rank and yank policy that led to employees grading each other, with the lowest graded people being fired. Structural humiliation played a direct role in shaping Skilling's thoughts and future actions. This did not mean the worst employees were fired, only the least popular, or those who were not afraid to tell the truth. Thus, the corrupt culture of Enron was born. At one point, in an inter...
Rather than being sticklers for following GAAP accounting principles and internal controls, this company took unethical behavior to a whole new level. They lied when the truth would have been easier to tell. It is almost as if they had no comprehension that the meaning of the word ethics is “the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group (professional ethics); the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation”, (Mirriam-Webster, 2011). To be ethical all one has to do is follow laws, rules, regulations and your own internal moral compass, all things this company seemed to know nothing about.
Enron Corporation started back in 1985. It was created as a merger of Houston Natural Gas and Omaha based InterNorth as a interstate pipeline company (CbcNews). Kenneth Lay was the former chief executive officer of Houston natural gas merged his company with another natural gas line company, Omaha Based InterNorth. During the time of the merger there were many arguments amongst the two companies and in the end Ken Lay the former C...
Exclusively serving the corrections market for more than forty years through its affiliate companies, Keefe Group is known to the families of inmates primarily for food and personal care items available though the Keefe Commissary Network and for IC Solutions, Keefe Group's inmate telephone service.
Enron was in trouble because of something that almost every major corporation during this time was guilty of. They inflated their profits. Things weren't looking good for them at the end of the 2001-year, so they made a common move and they restated their profits for the past four years. If this had worked to their like they could have gotten away with hiding millions of dollars in debt. That completely admitted that they had inflated their profits by hiding debt in confusing partner agreements. Enron could not deal with their debt so they did the only thing that was left to do, they filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy. This went down as one of the largest companies to file for bankruptcy in the history of the United States. In just three months their share price dropped from $95 to below $1.
Enron has risen to the top by engaging in energy projects worldwide and speculating in oil and gas futures on the world’s commodities markets. They also provided financial support to some presidential candidates and members of the U.S. Congress. However, Enron had a secret. The corporation had created partnerships located in off-shore tax havens. Enron’s stock price fell from $90 to 50 cents a share.
“When a company called Enron… ascends to the number seven spot on the Fortune 500 and then collapses in weeks into a smoking ruin, its stock worth pennies, its CEO, a confidante of presidents, more or less evaporated, there must be lessons in there somewhere.” - Daniel Henninger.
Enron was on the of the most successful and innovative companies throughout the 1990s. In October of 2001, Enron admitted that its income had been vastly overstated; and its equity value was actually a couple of billion dollars less than was stated on its income statement (The Fall of Enron, 2016). Enron was forced to declare bankruptcy on December 2, 2001. The primary reasons behind the scandal at Enron was the negligence of Enron’s auditing group Arthur Andersen who helped the company to continually perpetrate the fraud (The Fall of Enron, 2016). The Enron collapse had a huge effect on present accounting regulations and rules.
Weese and Martin did a study in 2011 testing commercial probiotic supplements. They found that many of the products did not meet standards printed on the label. It has also been found that some commercial probiotics that claim to be beneficial, but do not contain microorganisms that are located within the horse. If this is the case, the microbes stand little to no chance of survival or colonization (Mirlohi et al. 2009). Currently in the United States, there are not any approved equine probiotics because they are classified as drugs. To be approved and considered a drug, it must meet the requirement set by the Food and Drug Authority (FDA). Labeling the product accurately is all that is required. An alternative classification is ‘generally
Answer: The overall partnership between IT and the business at Hefty was strong and dependent on each other. Hefty had to take help from IT in order to be in the competitive market. They had to use different mode of IT to promote and grow their business. For example, Hefty wanted to use mobile apps for promotion of their products. IT had previously helped Hefty to do book keeping very efficiently and quickly. IT made it possible for then to keep records of data and also to save the data from viruses. It tried to understand the strategy of the business in order to perform better and help the business in
Through an organizational culture that focused on financial greed for self, illegal accounting practices, conflicts of interest partnerships, illegal business dealings, fraud, negligence, and massive corruption at all levels, the Enron scandal help to create new laws and regulations with stiff penalties if violated (Ferrell, et al, 2013). The federal government implemented the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) (Ferrell, et al, 2013).