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Impact of modern technology on lives
The impact of technology on modern life
Impact of modern technology on lives
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In Enlightenment as Mass Deception, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer use the term culture industry to represent the commercial marketing of culture. In our capitalist society, culture has been modified into merchandise that can be bought and sold and has essentially turned us into manufactured people. By placing the words culture and industry together, Adorno and Horkheimer create a new meaning that is meant to question the reality that we perceive. Originally, culture was a way for people to be unique, emphasizing individuality and creativity but is now being used as a form of mass deception. It leads people to believe that they are content regardless of their economic standing and is a way for capitalism to create false needs that only capitalism can satisfy when our only needs are happiness, freedom and creativity. To Adorno and Horkheimer, this causes our society to live in falsity and forces the people further away from enlightenment as mass deception and in turn, causes the people to become objects of mass production.
Although technological advancements have made our daily liv...
Mini-Q Essay A time period known as The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment was when philosophy, politics, science and social communications changed drastically. It helped shape the ideas of capitalism and democracy, which is the world we live in today. People joined together to discuss areas of high intellect and creative thoughts. The Enlightenment was a time period in which people discussed new ideas, and educated people, known as philosophers, all had a central idea of freedom of choice and the natural right of individuals. These philosophers include John Locke, Voltaire, Adam Smith, and Mary Wollstonecraft.
In Highbrow, Lowbrow, Levine argues that a distinction between high and low culture that did not exist in the first half of the 19th century emerged by the turn of the century and solidified during the 20th century, and that despite a move in the last few decades toward a more ecumenical interpretation of “culture,” the distinction between high art and popular entertainment and the revering of a canon of sacred, inalterable cultural works persists. In the prologue Levine states that one of his central arguments is that concepts of cultural boundaries have changed over the period he treats. Throughout Highbrow, Lowbrow, Levine defines culture as a process rather than a fixed entity, and as a product of interactions between the past and the present.
The enlightenment period was full of social and intellectual growth. This time period changed the way people thought of the world and exposed the world to different cultures. It brought the world into several revolutions that will later contribute to great change for the modern world. Travel was significant during the enlightenment due to the enlightenment ideas that knowledge and information was gained through experience. In order for the people to get a better understanding of the world and gain information about other cultures, they had to travel to these people. During this era and time period of the enlightenment, travel was significant in order to get a quality and endless education. Denis Diderot shows the significance that travel did
Film, radio, and magazines form a system. Each branch of culture is unanimous within itself and all are unanimous together” (94). Coined by the Frankfurt School theorists Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer the term “culture industry” acquired wide currency after the publication of the book Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments (1944) which they introduced in the chapter “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception”. They equated popular culture to a factory producing standardised cultural goods like film radio programmes, magazines etc that are used to manipulate the mass society into passivity or inertia. People fell prey to the consumption of easy pleasures offered by the popular culture through mass communications media which made them docile and content irrespective of their economic
There are many different ways in which the Enlightenment affected the Declaration of Independence and the U.S Constitution. One way was the by the idea of a Social Contract; an agreement by which human beings are said to have abandoned the "state of nature" in order to form the society in which they now live. HOBBES, LOCKE, and J.J. ROUSSEAU each developed differing versions of the social contract, but all agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for society's protection and that the government has definite responsibilities to its citizens. Locke believed that governments were formed to protect the natural rights of men, and that overthrowing a government that did not protect these rights was not only a right, but also an obligation. His thoughts influenced many revolutionary pamphlets and documents, including the Virginia Constitution of 1776, and the Declaration of Independence. The Bill of Rights was created as a listing of the rights granted to citizens, the Bill of Rights serves to protect the people from a too powerful government. These civil rights granted to U.S. Citizens are included in the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Additionally, Locke’s ideas about checks and balances and the division of church and state were later embodied in the U.S. Constitution as well. The Constitution replaced a more weakly organized system of government as outlined under the Articles of Confederation.
The word enlightenment can mean different things to different people. But according to Immanuel Kant, enlightenment is when a person grows out of his or her self-imposed immaturity. He defines it by saying, “Immaturity as one 's inability to use their own understanding without the guidance of another”(Kant, 1). Having our reason instead of following the in the footsteps of people who influence us. Also, that people impose immaturity on themselves because they fear the use of their own understanding without someone else 's help. In this essay, I will argue my own immaturity that I had with the church, showing how t being brought up in the Catholic Church can inflict this kind of immaturity without knowing, with issues arising that helped me see past my own immaturity, and the transformation of breaking out into my own enlightenment.
Kant’s definition of Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred nonage (immaturity). Immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the external guidance. This immaturity is self-incurred by an individual and it is not because of lack of understanding, but rather lack of resolution and courage to use it without the guidance of another. So the motto of enlightenment is Sapere aude (Latin word which means ‘dare to know’ or ‘dare to be wise’) or in other words it is to have courage to use your own understanding. Reasons for the large proportion of people to be immature are laziness and cowardice. And it is convenient to immature as it is an easier option available. Suppose I have a book which understands me, a spiritual adviser to have a conscience for me, a physician to judge my diet for me and so on then I don’t need to make any efforts at all and I need not think as long as I can pay, others will take up my tiresome job and this is an easier choice than to do all the work by myself. Naturally lot of people prefer easier things instead of taking a chal...
In his book entitled Reclaiming the Enlightenment: toward a Politics of Radical Engagement Stephen Eric Bronner explores the problem or issue associated with the modern political life described as the disorientation of the intellectuals, as well as activism on the left. Stephen Eric Bronner argues that the usurping of theory and political history by the cultural criticism has resulted to a confusion regarding the objectives, as well as the origin or genesis of the progressive politics. In particular, Stephen Eric Bronner contend that it has increasingly becomes fashionable for the intellectual to offensively attack enlightenment simply because of its eurocentrism, imperialism, scientism, and racism and sexism of some of its critical representatives.
“According to, Stuart Hall, “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms” from Media, Culture and Society, Raymond Williams and E.P Thompson summarize about the way they saw culture, they refer it to the way of life and saw mainstream media as the main role in capitalist society. “Williams says that, his perspective and ideas are referred to culture as to social practice, he saw “culture as a whole way of life” and as to structuralism that makes the concept of
“Modern societies have much in common, but they do not necessarily merge into homogeneity”. There are many different ways that this article can be perceived. In my opinion, the argument is very convincing that Western culture is not the culture of the world. There are many cultures around the world that are highly functioning with Western influence, and the author does an excellent job of incorporating examples of these societies into his argument. Countries such as Japan are experiencing what Huntington describes as a cultural backlash.
“Culture” is a term that over the years, has taken many forms, served many purposes and has been defined in a variety of contexts. At the rise of the industrial era, inhabitants of rural areas began to migrate to cities, thus starting urbanization. As this new era began to unfold, urbanization, mass production, and modernization became key ingredients in the transformation of culture. As more people became literate and the production of mass media such as magazines, pamphlets, newspapers etc. increased, many had the option and desire to identify collectively – popular culture began to rise. Popular or “mass” culture can be described as a “dynamic, revolutionary force, breaking down the old barriers of class, tradition, taste, and dissolving
Bertolt Brecht asserted, “Art is not a mirror held up to reality, but a hammer with which to shape it.” Art, encompassing all popular culture artifacts, both reflects the society that creates it and is itself an agent capable of changing social reality. Popular culture artifacts, like the Harry Potter series discussed in Nexon and Neumann’s work, Harry Potter and International Relations, exert agency, or causal power over the meaning and interpretation of cultural elements, by influencing the way ideas and values are constructed in everyday life. This paper will demonstrate that popular culture artifacts construct meanings and influence interpretations of reality.
The philosophers of the eighteenth century departed from analytical reasoning of mathematics, science, and existence of God in the establishment of parameters in social, political, and religious life for the phenomena and focus on the capability of human beings. The Age of Enlightenment introduced a new era of thought exploiting the capability of humans in shaping the aspects of society without the dependency or reasoning of God. Although the Enlightenment promised an age of wisdom and knowledge, Immanuel Kant defined the age as a gradual awakening of society bounded by and dictated by others while abandoning reason.
Jurgen Habermas: The Entwinement of Myth and Enlightenment: Re-reading Dialectic of Enlightenment, in Jay Bernstein (ed.): The Frankfurt School: Critical Assessments vol.3 (Routledge: London, 1994).
Kroeber, A. and C. Klockhohn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concept and Definition New York: Vintage Books, 1989.