Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
History of encryption technology
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: History of encryption technology
Introduction
Encryption - The Art of Hidden Messages
Cipher is used in cryptography for the algorithm purposes. The algorithms include the encryption and the decryption which includes of well defined series of steps that can be followed as a procedure. But sometimes we get the word cipher in a non technical usage which means a code. But this was distinguished from codes when it came to the classical cryptography. To put this information clear, they were used to operate the substitution depending on a large code book that linked characters or figures to a word or phrase. For instance, the code UQJHSE could mean the same as the sentence “Proceed to the following coordinates.” But when it came to cipher, the UQJHSE could mean a plaintext or any other information that a sender would wish to transmit to a receiver (Gershaw, 1989). That was according to cipher, while when it comes to the encrypted form it was known as the ciphertext which had all the information concerning any of the plaintext but was unreadable mostly to the human or any computer without any mechanism to decrypt it. In any operation of the cipher, there must be a key which is always a piece of the auxiliary information. On the other way it can also be termed as a cryptovariable.
The procedure of the encryption depends on the key that is used to change the details of the algorithm operation. It would much difficult to decrypt the resulting ciphertext into a plaintext which is readable if a person does not have any information concerning the key. In most modern, they can be categorized in two ways. The first is block ciphers and a stream ciphers. The block cipher means working on the blocks of symbols which are usually of a fixed size while the stream cipher means w...
... middle of paper ...
...site of the other one. The device that is used for the computation purposes and makes the direct use of phenomena of the quantum mechanical which includes entanglement and superposition to do any operations on data is known as the quantum computer. They are different from the traditional computers which are based on the transistors. The quantum properties are useful in such a way that they can be used to carry out operations and represent data on these data (Mayer, 1984).
Works Cited
Gershaw, D. (1989). The History of the encryption messages. California: University press.
Levenson, H. (1973). The historical ciphers, that comprised of the pen and paper. Journal of Technology, 41, 397-404.
Lynch, S. (2002). Computers and the early technology. New York. Information age Press.
Mayer, R. (1984). The Current Applications of the Encryption. Pearson Education, Inc
Coding and encryption were two very important elements in the use of espionage. Enigmas were cipher machines that were based mainly on a wired code wheel. The wired code wheel, known more commonly as a rotor, would be shaped similar to a hockey puck made of non-conductive material, such as rubber, and have two sides, an input plate and an output plate and around the circumference are 26 evenly spaced electrical contacts. The 26 contacts on the input plate would be connected by wired through the body of the rotor to the 26 contacts on the output plate. An alphabet ring would then be placed around the rotors 26 contacts therefore creating a cipher alphabet.
What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.
Considered one of the most influential typographers in history, John Baskerville made a significant mark on the world of print and type founding. Although considered a failure at printing during his lifetime he produced some of the works we look to today when we speak of the development of the typography and printing fields. An influence to other well-known typographers such as Bodoni and Didot and printers such as Benjamin Franklin, Baskervilles’ works met with hostility in the English Isles. Baskerville was more than a typographer; he was an artist, printer and stonecutter. He developed his own inks and papers, seeking the perfect surface and substances for many of his endeavors including printing and japanning.
Witherspoon, Abigail. “This Pen for Hire.” Harper's. June 1995: 49-57. WilsonSelectPlus. E-Journals. State University. 19 September 2004.
Derry, T. K., and Trevor Williams. A Short History of Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.
7. Jean, Georges. Writing- The Story of Alphabets and Scripts. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1992.
In conclusion, we’ve gone through three machines that helped shape cryptography not only during World War II, but helped shape the science as a whole for future years. We’ve seen advancements, in mathematics, from both encryption and decryption, plaintexts and ciphertexts. Enigma, although it started as a three rotor device advanced to eight rotors, “Purple” was a finished product of years of experimental cipher machines, and the Lorenz Cipher, got it’s start from Vernam. Technology builds on each other and failures turn into successes, and although World War II was a dark time for our planet, the advances that we achieved from that period are things that we still use and can continue to learn from to this day.
The first recorded use of steganography dates back to the early Greeks and the ruler, Demaratus. As king of Sparta, Demaratus ruled from 515 to 491 B.C. At this time, it was common to write on waxed tablets. To communicate a warning of an impending attack on Greece by the Persian ruler Xerxes, Demaratus scraped the wax off of a wooden tablet, inscribed a message, and then covered the tablet in wax once again. In this way, the tablets carried secret information to the intended recipient without arousing suspicion. Other times of conflict are rich with examples of steganography. The Underground Railroad used quilt patterns to direct slaves on their journey northward, cryptographic writing was used numerous times in both World War I and II, and
Data Encryption is from the cryptography science, which includes coding and decoding of message to protect the safety. Development computer technology makes the encryption even more complicated. The ability for people to break codes is increasing, so are the ability to guard the codes. Many encryptions are available now. They were developed by some hi-tech company and sold, or you can choose some free service. Actually, when you are using the web browsers, emails, or even the basic system, your information has been automatically encrypted.
Codes have been around for centuries ranging from wax, invisible ink, Morse code, the Enigma used by the Germans during World War II and now steganographic. Steganography is the latest form to insidiously hide information over the Internet without a trace of a file being altered. You are able to hide messages within images, voice or music. Steganography is an ancient method of hiding messages. Today messages are hidden in images and music. Steganography can be traced back to the ancient Greek who would write messages on tablets and cover them in wax. This made the tablets look blank and unsuspicious (Kolata, F4). Citizens of ancient civilizations would tattoo messages on their shaved heads. They would then let their hair grown in and travel across enemy lines to deliver the message (Seper, G1). During World War II the Allies placed a ban on flower deliveries with dates, crossword puzzles and even report cards (Kolata, F4) for fear of a message being hidden with in. Steganographers first alter their data by using encryption and then place the image into a pre-select image. Steganographers look for a piece of code that would be the least significant and look the least altered to the human eye (Kolata, F4), being as inconspicuousness and random as possible. This makes the messages undetectable unless you knew that there is a message hidden and you were able to crack the code.
Computer science is a vast field that includes nearly everything relating to computers. Everyday there is information transmitted all over the Internet. Pictures are uploaded, transactions are made on thousands of online retail websites, and banking transactions take place everyday on the Internet. All of these transactions have created a need for secure communications. People wish to keep things like banking, medical, and political information from the eyes of unwelcome parties. This has created a need for cryptography. Cryptography is the science or study of the techniques of secret writing, especially code and cipher systems, and is used by everyone from the average citizen to the government and military.
He figured he would raise the letters of the alphabet and change his code to 10 dots instead of 6. He used the grille of small openings that letters passed through the paper. He called this way of writing “decapoint”. By 1842, Louis and a former blind student Pierre Foucault, made the first writing machine for the blind. Louis not only wanted to make a way to communicate with his code, but also wanted to make sure it could be used with instruments and having the ability to read the notes.
Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer's machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders, linkers, and loaders—finish the translation.
Many different types of programming languages are used to write programs for computers. The languages are called "codes". Some of the languages include C++, Visual Basic, Java, XML, Perl, HTML, and COBOL. Each of the languages differs from each other, and each is used for specific program jobs. HTML and JAVA are languages used to build web pages for the Internet. Perl and XML can produce codes that block students from getting on certain inappropriate web pages on their school server. One of the most prominent programming languages of the day would have to be C++.
problems very similar to a quantum computer but it would still be based on the classical computer interpretation. So in conclusion, a quantum computer is a daunting task of mechanical and engineering skill which could be made if we understood the elemental particles more thoroughly. As the information age has come, our culture uses data so incredibly fast that we need an alternative to the classical computing devices.