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Downsizing and its effects
Downsizing and its effects
How does downsizing affect organizational culture
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Employee Morale After Downsizing
Downsizing has become a significant idea in today's economy and maintaining the trust of employees when something like this takes place has also become very serious business (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). The question is not whether a company should downsize their employees but how to do the downsizing properly so that as few employees as possible are injured (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). There are several ways that companies can downsize that will help retain much of the loyalty of the workers that remain (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994).
Companies who downsize through attrition and buyouts, those companies that work to help downsized employees find new jobs, and companies that are willing to provide outplacement services to those individuals often end up in positions that are much better than companies that simply fire workers due to downsizing (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). These companies who show that they care about the workers that they have to remove through downsizing have a much greater chance of retaining a lot of the loyalty originally given to them by the workers that survived the downsizing (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994).
Trust is a very important asset for these companies but it is very difficult to achieve and just as difficult to hold on to (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). If companies are willing to downsize in a way that is considered to be very humane by many of the workers these companies will fare better in the long-term than companies who perceive workers as disposable (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). Late in the 1970s, companies began to downsize workers (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). They did this in order to improve the bottom line and also to cut many of their costs (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). Even though some companies today are making record profits they carry on this idea that they must be as lean as they possibly can in order to compete (Brockner, Konovsky,...
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...tional Forms? Organizational Science, 4, i-vi
Davidow W.H. & Malone, M.S. (1992). The Virtual Corporation. New York: HarperCollins.
Hirschhorn, L. & Gilmore, T. (1992). The New Boundaries of the 'Boundaryless' Company. Harvard Business Review, 70: 104-115.
HR Paints a Bleak Portrait of Downsizing Survivors. (1993). HR Focus, 70, 24.
If You Are Going to Downsize, Says U.S. Labor Secretary Robert Reich, Do It Gently. Interview, (1996). Sales & Marketing Management, 148, 118-123.
Kets de Vries M.F.R. & Balazs, K. (1997). The Downside of Downsizing. Human Relations, 50, 11-50.
Kozlowski, S.W., Chao, G.T., Smith, E.M., & Hedlund, J. (1993). Organizational Downsizing: Strategies, Interventions, and Research Implications. In C.L. Cooper and I.T. Robertson, eds., International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. New York: Wiley, 262-332.
Mishra, A.K. (1996). Organizational Responses to Crisis: The Centrality of Trust. In R.M. Kramer and T.R. Tyler, eds., Trust in Organizations.' Frontiers of Theory and Research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 261-287
New York Times Special Report: The Downsizing of America. (1996). New York: Random House, 5.
As victim count continues to rise, its difficult to see how such great numbers of men, women and children are bought and sold every year. Trafficking can be found in many forms, including: prostitution, slavery, or forced labor (Harf and Lombardi, 2014). It wasn’t until the 1980’s that international human trafficking became globally noticed. With the lack of government intervention and control in several nations, and the free trade market, slavery once again became a profitable industry (Harf and Lombardi, 2014). As previously mentioned, easier movement across nations borders is one of the outcomes of globalization. It is also what makes human trafficking so easy today. It is estimated that about 20.9 million people are victims across the entire globe (United Nations Publications, 2012); trafficking accounts for 32 billion dollars in generated profit globally (Brewer, n.d). 58 percent of all human trafficking was for the purpose of sexual exploitation, and of this 55-60 percent are women (United Nations Publications,
“Human trafficking coerces and persuades their victims to cross national borders in search of new jobs and better opportunities and after that they are forced into some sort of labor bondage” (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1). Even though trafficking is a problem in almost every country; poorer countries have a bigger problem with it because they are more desperate for work. Just in 2000, the U.S. enacted their first federal anti-trafficking law, called the Victims of Trafficking Protection Act (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1). Trafficking has just begun to receive notice on how big of a problem it actually is. “Proponents of strict anti-trafficking initiatives say that laws and prevention against trafficking are necessary in order to stem the growing tide of large scale organized crime that profits off of smuggling and trafficking” (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1).
Purpose & Other: : I give the purpose and other a 10 out of 10 because the goal of the article was to inform organizations, employers, presidents and/or employees about the importance of strengthening relationships between an employer, an employee, and the company in its entirety.
Works Cited The Allbusiness Web site provides answers and articles about corporations. http://www.allbusiness.com Retrieved May 22, 2011. Mallor, J., Barnes, A.J., Bowers, T., & Langvardt, A.W. (2010). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'.
Downsizing is a film about ‘scientists’ creating an irreversible procedure called well…Downsizing, which is used as a tool to fight ‘overpopulation’ *cough* Climate Change *cough*. Matt Damon stars as a middle age married man who is miserable because his life has no fulfillment and somehow can’t survive on $150,000 equity in Nebraska of all places. So he decides to become small to start over again and almost immediately his life as a small person is worse than his life at normal size which destroys the purpose of being small in the first place.
Human Trafficking is a universal issue that is still currently happening today. It is a major crime that essentially lets someone take illegal custody of another human’s rights and freedoms. The impacts of human trafficking are crucial and nerve-racking. Victims of such crimes most likely suffer from injuries physically and mentally, abusive behavior, rape, death threats, and life taking. Human Trafficking undermines the safety and security of people and their lives (TIP, 2007). People who are desperate for money and would do anything for little amounts of money would either do drug and gun dealing, or human trafficking. Human Trafficking is the fastest growing business in the world. The number of current slaves in America is less than half of what the number of identified humans who are trafficked (HJHP, 2012).
Strain, M. 2014. Examples of Downsizing in the Business World. [online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-downsizing-business-world-22506.html [Accessed: 25 March 2014].
The digestive system is important for breaking down food and turning it into nutrients. The body uses the nutrients for energy, growth, and cell repair. The food and drinks that a person must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries them to cells throughout the body. The body breaks down nutrients from food and drink into carbohydrates, protein, fats, and vitamins. Compared to the other systems in the body, the digestive system is one of the most diverse and important. According to Robert Sullivan the digestive system is a set group of organs whose function is based on the process of turning food, absorbing nutrients for energy and getting rid of the bodies waste (Sullivan, 2008, p.33). The organs
Organizational changes that reduce cost. The M&S reduced its management levels to reduce the cost.
A company can try to create a “corporate family”, for example, via a corporate culture to try to facilitate this type of reform. The implementation of a corporate culture is an attempt to get workers to “buy in” to the firm’s overall goals (Krahn, Lowe, Hughes, 2011; p. 244-248). Key themes include workers as human beings, organizational cultures, constant adaptation, co-operation, creativity, flexibility, work teams, doing more with less, continuous learning, flatter organizational structures, customer-service, and participatory management, etc. The goals and motivations for work reform as it pertains to a workforce differ from those of firms. Workers see changes such as enhanced on the job decision-making, increased autonomy, a decrease in monotonous and arduous tasks, and more input into large company decisions (that will ultimately affect them) as positive.
Serial killers are possibly the most evil form of human life in existence. They find joy in inflicting pain in others and will find grotesque ways in manipulating and hurting people to gain satisfaction. The general profile for a serial killer is shown through a few common traits. Serial killers typically are power hungry, manipulators, egotistical, charming, and good at blending in. Serial killings are separated from mass murder by a cool-off period and the crimes being committed over several locations. Not all serial killers are the same, they all have different motives for their senseless killing. Thrill seekers, power/controllers, lust killers, visionaries, and mission-oriented killers are the main people who kill with these motives. Thrill
Voluntary and involuntary turnover have an effect on organizations. Rapid changes in job descriptions, organizational structures, and inter-organizational competitiveness increase the importance of studying turnover and its relationship with organizational change. According to Leana and Van Buren (1999), "the loss of key network members can severely damage an organization 's social fabric and perhaps eradicate its social capital altogether." When businesses lose a high number of employees, problems can occur, costing the company time and money. Some of the costs incurred are associated with training, drug testing, physicals, and orientations to hire replacements that may take several months to learn the job and to achieve competency. There is a saying, “Good help is hard to find---and harder to keep”. This saying refers to good organizations trying to reduce turnover when the competition for retaining good employees is intense.
Since human trafficking is a lucrative business there is big money to be made. The women victims are not making the money, it is the pimps and the prostitution industries that are seeing high profits. According to Sexual Trafficking, it is a different type of profit than the profit a drug seller would see because that profit is dependent on the drugs which are sold and used once. The women become dependent on their source to provide for them food, clothing and shelter on a continuous basis. Human traffickers seek out the most vulnerable individuals. They look for the women who are in poverty, socially deprived, illiterate and even with physical disabilities (Hodge, 2008). The lure is that they are providing for them a better life. Many women are coerce by employment opportunities, modeling and marriage agencies and once in they accumulate debt by being passed from organization to organization. This is termed “debt bondage”, they have to repay debt accumulated out of future earnings because traffickers paid for them transportation and other fees necessary to get them established (Hodge,
Layoffs are one means by which an organization can reduce expenses with the intent of improving its bottom line. Despite being typically performed as a last resort, layoffs often have a negative impact on the remaining workforce. As a manager, there are numerous areas for concern in managing the workforce going forward. The human costs related to downsizing are “immense and far-reaching” with one of the most profound being survivor syndrome according to Hanson (2015, p. 187). Also known as survivor’s guilt, this condition relates to the emotions felt by those still employed and some of the effects include decreased motivation, moral, and job satisfaction, as well as an increased proclivity to search for other employment. This volunteer turnover being another grave concern for managers, and retention of the remaining workforce is usually dependent on their existing perception of the organization and its culture (Sitlington & Marshall, 2011). Also relayed by
Suffield, L., & Templer A. (2012). Labour Relations, PH Series in Human Resources Management, 3rd Edition