Medicalization is defined as the gradual social formation whereby medicine comes to exercise authority over areas of life that were not previously considered medical. Oftentimes, this means a process by which problems, viewed historically as simply socially deviant, become illnesses. Medicalization can occur with both mental issues, such as ADHD and grief, and physical issues, such as erectile dysfunction and fatness. One of the largest problems with medicalization is the construction of these diseases largely for the profit of the pharmaceutical industry. The gradual widening of medical categories to include more people, a concept known as diagnostic bracket creep, enables medical industries to profit off of those who are “sick.” When using …show more content…
364). By labeling women who lack a strong sexual prowess as “dysfunctional” it promotes the necessity of drugs to fix a problem. As drugs become increasingly involved in areas of life where they were not previously involved, a pattern of pharmaceuticalization begins to emerge. The unnecessary use of drugs to treat illnesses that were essentially created by the drug industries themselves is one of the most worrisome aspects of medicalization. Most people are generally unaware of the process by which medicalization occurs, and, as a result, are left feeling comforted by the increased involvement of medical doctors in their lives. For example, the creation and promotion of viagra to help men achieve better, longer-lasting erections has been overwhelmingly viewed as a positive (Hartley …show more content…
As Dr. Abigail C. Saguy discusses in the podcast What’s Wrong With Fat, the framing of an issue is critical to how to it’s viewed. Fatness, known in the medical world as obesity, has become framed as a disease, and an immediate indicator of bad health. Because of this negative stigma around fatness, fat people face rampant discrimination in their every day lives. However, rather than deconstructing people’s negative views of fatness, medicalization has ensured that fatness is viewed as a problem that must be directly treated. Weight loss surgeries such as gastric bypass surgery are essentially cosmetic surgeries, but are marketed as necessary medical procedures to “treat” obesity (Conrad
“There is no real definition for disease. ” This is a claim that Melody Petersen makes in her book. Most would define disease as an abnormality in regards to health. This seems logical, but it leads to the following question : what is “normal” ? What is the definition of “healthy” ? Asking major pharmaceutical companies these questions will most likely lead to the following conclusion: disease is malleable. In other words, it is open to a certain level of interpretation. According to Petersen, giant drug manufacturers consider disease to be a business. Thus, they create a market out of people’s physical or emotional shortcomings. In 1998, Pharmacia, a large American manufacturer of prescription drugs,
The concepts discussed within the article regarding medicalization and changes within the field of medicine served to be new knowledge for me as the article addressed multiple different aspects regarding the growth of medicalization from a sociological standpoint. Furthermore, the article “The Shifting Engines of Medicalization” discussed the significant changes regarding medicalization that have evolved and are evidently practiced within the contemporary society today. For instance, changes have occurred within health policies, corporatized medicine, clinical freedom, authority and sovereignty exercised by physicians has reduced as other factors began to grow that gained importance within medical care (Conrad 4). Moreover, the article emphasized
The article “Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance” is written by Mary Ray Worley, a member of the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. She writes of her firsthand experience as a “fat person” in society. Throughout the article, Worley explains what it is like to be obese and describes the way society treats those who have a weight problem. She attacks the idea of dieting, criticizes medical professionals for displaying an obscured view of health risks, and defends the idea of exercising to feel good rather than exercising to lose weight. Unfortunately, her article seems to reflect only own opinions and emotions rather than actual facts and statistics.
“Fat Acceptance”: An Argument Lacking Validity Cynara Geisslers’ essay “Fat Acceptance: A Basic Primer,” was published in Geez Magazine in 2010. The focus of the essay is to refute the pressure of society to be thin and promote self-acceptance regardless of size. While this essay touches on many agreeable points, it tends to blow many ideas out of context in an attempt to create a stronger argument. The article takes on a one-sided argument without any appropriate acknowledgement of the opposition, overlooks the risks of ignoring personal health, and has a strong feminist ideology associated towards the essay which tends to make the validity of her argument questionable.
This country places great value on achieving the perfect body. Americans strive to achieve thinness, but is that really necessary? In his article written in 1986 entitled “Fat and Happy?,” Hillel Schwartz claims that people who are obese are considered failures in life by fellow Americans. More specifically, he contends that those individuals with a less than perfect physique suffer not only disrespect, but they are also marginalized as a group. Just putting people on a diet to solve a serious weight problem is simply not enough, as they are more than likely to fail. Schwartz wants to convey to his audience that people who are in shape are the ones who make obese people feel horrible about themselves. Schwartz was compelled to write this essay,
Medicalization describes the shift in authority concerning abnormal human conditions. Quirks previously seen as by-products of maturation began to see heavy examination and were classified under medical terms. As a result, the past few decades have seen an obscene number of compulsions and disorders deemed medical conditions, further exacerbating the unnecessary institutionalization of many harmless irregularities. This string coincides with the growing popularity of sex addiction and the debate over its inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The mere thought of such a neurotic desire potentially joining the DSM alongside major mental and learning disorders epitomizes the depths to which society has sunk in recognition of truly straining abnormalities. The medicalization of sex addiction demonstrates the lengths at which medical authority will go to inject another fabricated disease into the blood of society.
In sociological terms Medicalization can be defines in various ways. Medicalization is known to be a condition or behavior becomes defined as a medical problem requiring a medical solution (Weitz, 2012, P. 106). Another definition of how Medicalization can be defined is by a non-medical problematic concern and putting it into medical terms, from an illness or a
Interest in the social aspects of obesity is nothing new. Jeffrey Sobal has written extensively about the social and psychological consequences of obesity , including the stigmatisation and discrimination of obese and even overweight individuals (Sobal 2004).
Peter Conrad’s book, The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders, examined several cases of human conditions, once viewed as normal, now considered as medical issues. Conrad defined this transition of human problems to disorders that are medically defined, studied, diagnosed and treated as “medicalization”. Specifically, Conrad discussed certain conditions, such as adult ADHD, as age related phenomena that have been medicalized. Throughout, Conrad demonstrated how these issues became medically defined because of the current research and financing structure of medicine in the United States. Those newly defined illnesses changed people’s perceptions and expectations of health and old age, thus dramatically altering society’s expectations of medicine and subsequent life quality. Conrad’s ethnography is a good example of the ethnomedical approach to medical anthropology that addressed several health conditions that are prominent in the United States. He culminated his book by arguing medicalization primarily serves as a form of social control, solving problems with individuals and not society. While the book clearly explained a wide range of negative causes and effects of medicalization, Conrad only acknowledged a few examples of successful resistance briefly in his last chapter. In order to empower its readers beyond education, the book should have examined these instances of anti-medicalization to find similarities and derive productive countermeasures for individuals to follow. Conrad thoroughly outlined the history, examples and influencing factors that promote medicalization, but failed to offer any combative solution to the resulting problems of medicalization.
In the larger picture, weight loss surgeries have become “the fast food” response to weight loss demands by the public. In my opinion, many patients are using weight loss surgeries as the weight loss mean rather than their own self-control and self-discipline; instead of for use by those who couldn’t lose weight by any other way. Unfortunately, not all the participants need the weight loss surgeries, and not all receive a long lasting benefit from the surgeries. As obesity spikes nationwide, so does the use (and potential abuse by overuse) of surgical procedures for weight loss.
...ed clinical trials: part 1-the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for male sexual dysfunction. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(12), 3089-3107. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02970.x
Sociology of Health and Illness The sociological approaches focus on identifying the two sociological theories. We critically analysed the biomedical model and doctor-patient relationship. We also evaluated how the medical professionals exercise social control and the medical professional’s contribution to ill health. The difference between society and health is studied by sociologists in relation to health and illness.
Today, obesity is swooping through the nation at such an alarming rate it could be considered an epidemic. In today’s society, obesity has become a new form of normalcy, it isn 't uncommon to see an individual who looks to be obese regardless of the person’s background or ethnicity. Historically, being heftier and rounded indicated a sort of indication of a status of wealth and good health, so it is important to note that the views upon obesity have shifted dramatically in terms of not just physical appearance, but more importantly health. The definition of obesity given by the dominant approach is a body mass index of over 30. With this approach, it is automatically assumed that if one has a high body mass index, they are of poor health. Though
By saying that something is socially constructed, sociologists are drawing attention to how culture, society, and dominant hegemonic ideas at the macro level influence how people experience illness at an individual level. The social constructionist perspective of illness is trying to challenge the idea that the illness experience is natural. The biggest evidence in support of this claim is the existence of contested illnesses. “Contested illnesses are conditions in which sufferers and their advocates struggle to have medically unexplainable symptoms recognized in orthodox biomedical terms, despite resistance from medical researchers, practitioners, and institutions” (Barker 153). Contested illnesses are very much tied into the idea that society and its dominant ideas and ways of understanding impact the illness experience.
Obesity is a serious condition that has generated a discussion on whether or not to be classified as a disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), obesity is the body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, which is calculated based on the person’s height and weight. For years, our society has been facing the obesity challenge, which can be extremely costly once it leads to several diseases. Thus, because of the constant increase of percentage of people with obesity, the American Medical Association (AMA) proposed in June 18, 2013 to classify obesity as a disease. Their argument was that obesity increases the risks of countless health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension etc. Moreover, it increases morbidity and mortality. By considering obesity as a disease, their aim was to maximize researches and funding, which will focus on obesity from different medical and health approach levels. Their idea of classifying obesity as a disease was in accordance with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s declaration of 1995. The institute declared, “ Obesity is a complex multifactorial chronic disease developing from multiple interactive influences of numerous factors.” In 2012, the CDC data showed 34.9% of adults obese and 17% of obese children. These numbers are very alarming especially since the struggle to deter certain factors contributing into this condition is still a challenge. Among the struggles, there are the people’s rights versus health regulations to keep them as healthy as possible like the former mayor Bloomberg regulation on soft drinks size cut. During CNN’s show GPS of Sunday 2, 2014, the host Zacharia...