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Waves of feminist criminology
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Effect of Male Stream Knowledge on Sociological Explanations of Behavior
One effect of male stream knowledge in sociological explanations of
behaviour is that men tend to be very much in favour of positivist
methods, like scientific research and proof. Whereas feminists think
that the sympathetic approach is better therefore using things like
observations, this mainly due to the fact that positivist research has
many flaws.
Another effect is that due to the fact that men develop most
sociological explanations of crime and therefore they only talk bout
men. They exclude the fact the females commit crime which is evident
in all of the theories apart from feminism because these ideas are
predominantly about women. This means that women are left out of the
equation meaning that men place there patriarchal views on the
sociology of crime.
b) Briefly evaluate the usefulness of social surveys as a source of
information on crime and deviance for sociologists. (12 marks)
Social surveys are a way of finding out information from a large
number of people. An example of a social survey is a questionnaire,
which is the easiest and quickest way of getting a large amount of
information from a population.
Official statistics were primarily used to help sociologists work out
who and how much crime exists. These were then criticised saying that
they do not show unreported crime, which could be a far greater number
than that provided in the official statistics.
Therefore, victimisation studies were formed, which are a form of
social survey. They use questionnaires to ask people in a chosen
population whether they have been a vic...
... middle of paper ...
... as well, that if you believe this
idea then nothing will be done and there is proof that show that
people do suffer from crime. You wouldn't be able to prove anything or
say anything and nothing will ever be solved.
I don't think there is one good theory, which helps to explain both
male and female crime, but at least feminism tries to explain why
females are not shown on official crime statistics and the fact that
it is the criminal justice systems fault. Therefore Feminism is a very
good theory if you put it alongside other theories to create the whole
picture of crime therefore Marxism etc explains why men commit crime
and feminism adds to that to say why females don't get convicted.
Therefore there isn't a perfect theory you need to run theories
alongside other theories to provide a rounded explanation of crime.
Classical and contemporary theory helps to explain gendered crime patterns. The feminist school of criminology argue criminology and criminal theory is very masculine, all studies into criminal behaviour, have been developed from male statistics and tested on males. Very little research is conducted into female criminality, this may be because women who commit crime are more likely to be seen as evil or mentally ill rather than criminal, this is because women are labe...
Weatherburn, D. (2011) ‘Uses and abuses of crime statistics’, Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, 153: 1-16
This all shows how different things in and around us can influence or cause us to behave in a certain manner. Whether it be, domestic violence or another criminal act. The sociological concept allows for blame to be taken away from some individuals, victims and or perpetrators and have it placed on society. This is a good thing as it allows us to look into ourselves, and see where we can be responsible for some of the evils of the world. It forces us to take some of the blame instead of always pointing fingers on the other person. Though not all criminal behavior follow along with this concept, many do, and it is therefore important for everyone to be familiar with it and be able to put it to use.
The criminal justice system main focus has always been shifted towards male offenders and their responses to male crimes. Women and girls offending lacked attention simply because most crimes were known to be committed by males and not females. Nevertheless, towards the end of the 20th century, female incarceration tremendously took a turn for the worst, leading to more study on women/girls, women and crime offending, crimes, and the criminal justice system in regard to feminist. This increase rate of women incarceration was led in regard to “war on drugs”. It was explained that women’s and girl’s crime and deviance is trigger often by biological factors than by social or economic forces (Daly & Chesney-Lind, 1988). In the late 1960s, Bertrand
Throughout history, certain crimes have been separated into different categories base on their prevalence. For every crime, the offense and charge is different. In addition, not every crime is committed by the same gender. Crimes such as larceny, fraud, forgery, and prostitution (Chesney-Lind, 1986) tend to be committed more often by women; whereas, assault, murder, trafficking, etc tend to be committed by men. When it comes to the stereotyping of women in the criminal justice system one could say that women present themselves as victims to reach a lesser sentence or that by presenting themselves as victims they will have a longer sentence that will protect them.
Males are stereotyped in movies, books, magazines, television, almost any type or medium with a male figure exhibit some type of male stereotyping. The most common male stereotypes in the media are often very well known and referred to as normal traits that men are suppose to posses, and these male traits are the following: man are naturally stronger than the opposite sex, men are the family providers, bread-winners , men are tough, adventurous, brave, protectors, and most importantly a men must be able to shoot guns, jump off cliffs, ride motorcycles, and must be able to save the damsel in distress. While I have some idea of how men are stereotyped, my main focus here will be on how men are stereotyped within the media.
Assessing The Feminist View That Conventional Malestream Theories Are Inadequate For An Understanding Of Women In Society
Theodore Roosevelt once said “We need the iron qualities that go with true manhood. We need the positive virtues of resolution, of courage, of indomitable will, of power to do without shrinking the rough work that must always be done” (qtd. in Art of Manliness). Resolution, courage, will, power, and determination, these are all qualities that society has determined a “real man” must possess. They have molded what, throughout time, has been accepted as the abiding image of manhood- an image of predominance, invulnerability, and vigor. Men opted to pursue this vision of what they should be and in this journey pushed aside women.
After watching this video, it became clear to be that my views on traditional masculine and feminine traits will be influenced. I understand the pressure that is put on both males and females to conform to society and the gender roles that accompany their culture. I will make a conscious effort to encourage males to act outside of the image they believe to be masculine. I will let them share their feelings and provide them with emotional support when they need it. I will also look at feminism differently. Before watching this video I believed that feminism was a good thing— now I believe that the idea of it is good but that is should change its objectives. I think that women should focus more on equality and less on the superiority of women. My thoughts regarding gender roles will be influenced after watching this movie.
This essay sets out some of the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of 'social harm' hold for the criminologist over that of 'crime'.
Rosen, Lawrence. “The Creation of the Uniform Crime Report: The Role of Social Science.” JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2011.
Crime and Gender, The great majority of crimes are committed by men, although the United States has the highest female arrest and conviction rate in the world. The gender gap may be influenced by the “chivalry effect” in which male police officers and judges see women’s crimes as less threatening and let them off with a warning. On the other hand, women who belong to stigmatized groups, and women whose behavior challenges gender norms, may be punished more harshly. Some criminologists argue that men’s higher levels of testosterone explain their higher crime rates, but this argument does not account for differences in crime rates by social class. Sociologists argue that the culture of working class masculinity explains why these men are so likely
For sociology and crime the main thing to look to understand it is through the functionalist theoretical perspective. Crime is a learned behavior and that the surrounding environment does impact a person’s choice in committing a crime. Crime is a major part of how a society functions. With certain societies you have rules that govern what is acceptable to do and what is not either by law, or unspoken rules. (Macionis, 2015,Pages 171-188)
While all feminist theorists share a common focus on gender inequality, there are differing views on the source of the problem and the ultimate solution. Liberal Feminists Freda Adler and Rita argued that sociological factors, not physiology, best explain women’s criminality. There is a strong relationship between women’s emancipation and the increase in female crime rates. As women become more liberated and become more involved in full time jobs, they are more likely to engage in the types of crime that men commit. Thrasher, a leading exponent of the social disorganization perspective, felt that girls and women committed less crime because they were more closely supervised by boys and men. These arguments lacked any factual support.
There have been many scholars who have pondered the question of what masculinity really is and how do we define it as a society. Often the question is gender something we really do, do we each shape the course for ourselves or are we molded into a predominate shape? To even begin the long debate to answer questions such as these, one needs to look at the individual role and at the role that institutions have on us.