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Reading Skills and Strategies
Development of reading skills
Reading Skills and Strategies
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The ability to read is a key factor in life. It is essential in everyone’s daily lives. Being able to read fluently is a skill that is beneficial for long-term success in school and in lifelong learning. Children learn to read at a very young age. Children who successfully learn to read in the early junior years are well prepared to read for learning and for future references. On the other hand, children who struggle with reading are at a serious disadvantage. They will have a hard time keeping up with their peers and will fall behind at school. It is important that educators provide explicit instruction in phonemic awareness and phonics integrated with many opportunities for children to read and write meaningful, connected text. Educators …show more content…
Educators will select the texts that will be at the children’s reading level, and then they will talk through the book so that educators can go through any new vocabularies that they may have in the book. According to Hill (2006), during guided reading lessons, the educator helps children consolidate the strategies they have learned, provides opportunities for students to apply the strategies as they read, supports them in applying the strategies correctly and teaches the strategies again where necessary. As a role of an educator, during guided reading, they should be monitoring the children’s use of reading strategies and uses questions to encourage children to work out difficult words and to obtain meanings from unfamiliar texts. Guided reading provides educators with an opportunity to work within the child’s zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978 cited in Hill, 2006). Educators will provide children with texts that contains enough challenges that they cannot yet read independently, but they are able to read with the support given from the educator. This reading strategy allows children to understand the different text formats and also allowing educators to observe and monitor individual students’ progress. This gives the educator a review of whether they need to regroup some children or whether they just need a bit of support. Children will benefit learning this strategy such as developing independence and confidence in reading, extend the development of their vocabulary and conventions of print, improving their comprehension strategies and so on. Guided reading will challenge children to successfully interpret and comprehend new texts which will help children to develop a bridge to independent
Phonemic Awareness and Alphabetic Principle in addition to Phonics and Decoding Skills provide students with early skills of understanding letters and words in order to build their reading and writing skills. Students will need to recognize how letters make a sound in order to form a word. While each word has a different meaning to be to format sentences. While reading strategies for Reading Assessment and Instruction, I was able to find three strategies for Phonemic Awareness and three strategies for Alphabetic Principles which will provide advantage for the student in my research and classroom settings.
… Being read to has been identified as a source of children’s early literacy development, including knowledge of the alphabet, print, and characteristics of written language. By the age of two, children who are read to regularly display greater language comprehension, larger vocabularies and higher cognitive skills than their
The Reading Strategies Book, by Jennifer Serravallo, is a tool that offers support to teachers in their planning and execution of literacy lessons situated within a larger curricula area. According to Jennifer, “the goal-oriented chapters address a plethora of strategies that can be taught in all genres, grades, and content areas, and they are differentiated for the teacher by clear descriptions that assist them in selecting the most apt and applicable lessons.” This resource provides teachers with an “Everything guide to developing skilled readers,” (Serravallo, 2015). Throughout this book, Jennifer introduced about 300 strategies that can be used in the form of lessons that are accompanied by teaching tips, lesson language, and supportive
The FLaRE (Florida Literacy and Reading Excellence) Center has published a professional paper entitled “Phonemic Awareness” of which I will be presenting a critical review. Phonemic awareness is one of the five essential components of reading identified by the National reading Panel (Learning Point Associates, 2004). Phonemic awareness can be defined as a person’s understanding that each word we speak is comprised of individual sounds called phonemes and that these sounds can be blended to form different words (Learning Point Associates, 2004). The article was intended to give a synopsis of phonemic awareness and the vital role it plays in a literacy program. I found the article to be very clear and concise presenting valuable tactics that can be applied in the classroom.
Reading is a complex process that’s difficult to explain linearly. A student’s reading capabilities begin development long before entering the school setting and largely start with exposure (Solley, 2014). The first remnants of what children are able to do in terms of reading are built from their parents and other people and object around them as they’re read to, spoken to, and taken from place to place to see new things (Solley, 2014). As kids are exposed to more and more their noises quickly turn into intentional comprehensible messages and their scribbling begins to take the form of legible text as they attempt to mimic the language(s) they’re exposed to daily.
As a future high school special education teacher I will not be working on phonemic and phonological awareness with early elementary readers. However, I will be working with students who are still learning these skills at the high school level. As an educator, I need to have a thorough understanding of phonological and phonemic awareness in order to implement creative ways to assist my students in learning and strengthening these skills within my classroom. In a perfect world I would not need to work on these strategies at the high school level, however, everyone learns at their own pace and I intent create a “linguistically rich environments in which written and spoken language are used to learn, communicate, to express ideas, to understand
According to Bursuck & Damer (2011) phonemes are “the smallest individual sounds in words spoken.” Phonemic awareness is the “ability to hear the phonemes and manipulate the sounds” (p. 41). Phonemic awareness is essential because without the ability students are not able to manipulate the sounds. According to the National Institute for Literacy (2007), “students with poor phonics skills prevent themselves from reading grade-level text and are unable to build their vocabulary” (p.5) Agreeing with the importance of phonemic awareness, Shapiro and Solity attempted to use whole class instruction to improve students’ phonological awareness. The intervention showed that whole class instruction assisted not only the students with poor phonemic awareness, but also on-level developing readers.
Mrs. Hamm discussed that she actually uses three different programs to help teach language and literacy to her students. The first program, which is actually her favorite of the three programs, is called “Read Aloud Library”, the second program is called “Language for Learning” and the third program is called “Reading Mastery”. Mrs. Hamm discussed the programs as being very helpful tools in helping children develop their reading skills. Mrs. Hamm integrates literacy in her classroom in many different ways. In the different programs, the students read one book together in which they work on for the week by breaking down the chapters so that children can retell the story and learn th...
As a teacher, you need to encourage all attempts at reading, writing, speaking, and allowing children to experience the different functions and use of literacy activity (The Access Center, n.d.). Moreover, it is crucial for educators to understand phonological awareness and phonics; know what constitutes good children’s literature and how to use it; know children who need additional assistance with beginning reading and writing (Cunningham et al, 2004 as cited in McLachlan et al, 2013, p. 112). Educators also need to plan effective activities to assist children experience reading aloud, listening to other children read aloud, listening to tape recordings, and videotapes so children have opportunities to integrate and extend their literacy knowledge (The Access Center, n.d.). Morrow (1990 as cited in The Access Center, n.d.) notes that classroom with greater teacher facilitation promote literacy behaviours, so it is educators’ role to provide literacy rich
As I was reading this article, I remembered my struggles with learning to read when I was in elementary school. I used to dread when the teacher would call on me to read aloud to the class. At the time, I couldn’t read as fast as the other students and would struggle to sound out words. However, this problem became a thing of the past after my parents and teacher became aware of it. My parents worked with me every night to improve my reading level. Some nights I would follow along with my finger on the page to get familiar with the words as they would read aloud. Other we would change positions and I would read aloud while they followed to make sure I was getting all the words and pronouncing them correctly. I still believe that without the help of my parents and teacher I would still be struggling with reading today. I believe that children need to be read to for them to hear how words should be pronounced. Just reading with your child every night is important. From these experiences, they learn how to pronounce words on a page and their meaning behind them.
Every child deserves a positive, safe, nurturing, and stimulating learning environment where they will grow academically, socially, emotionally, and physically. My role as an educator is to provide my students with this type of environment as well as an education that will help them succeed academically and become life long learners. It is the responsibility of a literacy educator to provide students with this type of environment, but also to provide instruction that will help students become successful readers and writers. There are numerous programs and philosophies about literacy and reading. Through years of experience and research, one begins to develop their own creative approach on teaching these skills. After looking at different programs and seeing the positive and negatives of each, an integrated and balanced approach of literacy seems to be the best way to teach the differing needs of each student.
Reading and writing is a key part of everyone’s life. There has been some encouraging levels of reading development in primary school assessments. According to the National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy report (2015), 95.5% of students achieve at or above the national minimum standard of reading. It is important to know effective ways to teach reading so children can become active problem solvers to enable them to read for meaning or for fun. Over the years, there has been a big amount of research into the most effective ways to teach reading skills to students. There are some systematically taught key skills and strategies that help achieve these levels of reading. Some of these skills include phonological awareness, phonemic awareness,
Essential components to guided reading are the grouping of students by instructional reading levels, looking for common needs across student data to identify struggles, reading practice in small group, discussion, and instruction based on observation. It is important to have students grouped by reading ability because it allows you to teach using a book that matches the reading level for the group. This small group time then allows the teacher to differentiate instruction and as she hears each student reading and questions their comprehension, she can then offer instructional advice to support them in whichever area they are struggling.
Learning phonics and its application in reading is crucial. Within this article, I discovered new information on phonics and phonemic awareness and how the two correlate with one another. I learned all the ways phonics improves not only reading, but every aspect of reading including spelling. My initial reaction to this article is that phonics is a crucial learning piece to understanding language. Without phonics reading and spelling would almost be impossible. It is crucial for adolescents to be exposed to some form of phonics otherwise their ability to read, write, and learn will be greatly hindered. To learn language, you must be able to decipher new words; phonics plays a major role in word recognition and comprehension of new
Findings from the research evidence indicate that all students learn best when teachers adopt an integrated approach to reading that explicitly teaches phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary knowledge and comprehension.” (Rowe, 2005, p. 3). Letters and Sounds are recognised as the ‘Foundation view of reading’ which is based on ‘word recognition’ and ‘language comprehension’. Both are considered to be essential to encouraging the children’s fluent