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Assessment in learning and development
Assessment in learning and development
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Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving student learning and development (Palomba & Banta, 1999). Educational assessments are carried out to measure the efficiency of the program, the quality of instruction and progress of a child’s learning. The purpose is to determine the growth and development.
There are several kinds of assessment carried out during a student’s learning. These include the placement assessment, formative assessment, and summative assessment. Learners coming into the kindergarten class are often given a pre test or a placement assessment to evaluate what the learner may already know or think about content that is to be learned. Formative assessment is usually carried out while an instructional sequence is occurring. Summative assessment takes place at the end of the end of an instructional unit. These assessments help the educator to understand, what the students have learnt, how much they have learnt in their units and whether they need assistance or not.
Literacy assessment
Assessment is an integral part of instruction. I am using a mid year and an end of the year assessment information from Bloomington Public School website to explain their literacy skill assessment. The objectives and skills layed out in this assessment are aligned to the state standards. A sample of their assessment is shown on page 7and 8. The kindergarten literacy assessment in the table includes: Prints first name correctly, prints last name correctly, prints uppercase and lowercase letters, names uppercase letters, names lowercase letters, produce letter sounds, identifies beginning and ending sounds in words, recognizing and producing...
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...kills and improve over a period of time. This gives the educator and student an opportunity to be successful.
Assessments should be free of cultural, ethnic and gender stereotypes; fair in content and age appropriate; tap into knowledge and skills that all students have had enough time to master. Achievement tests determine a student’s depth of knowledge and proficiency in the subject. A fair assessment helps the learner and the educator to grow and embrace learning
Works Cited
http://www.education.com/reference/article/why-assessment-important
http://uat.okstate.edu/assessment/what_is_assessment/index.html
http://www.bloomington.k12.mn.us/departments/curriculum/assessments/KindergartenLiteracyandMathrubrics.htm
Armstrong, D.G., Henson, K. T & Savage, T.V. (2009), Teaching Today; An Introduction to Education, 8th Edition]. New Jersey: Education Inc.
Marzano, R. J., & Brown, J. L. (2009). A handbook for the art and science of teaching. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
middle of paper ... ... Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 25 (1), 45-51. Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol25/iss1/5. Western Australian Department of Education. a.
Wallis, Claudia. “How to Make Great Teachers.” Time Online. 13 Feb. 2008. Web. 16 March 2011.
However, a formative assessment is ongoing and is used to check for students’ understanding throughout a lesson. Both work samples “matched learning objectives” and I was able to identify the students’ strength and weaknesses. I was also able to “analyze assessment data to understand patterns and gaps in learning” to guide my future instructions. In the word problem assessment, I recognized where the student was struggling and gave “effective and descriptive feedback” to address the area that she needs work in.
The purpose of formative assessment is to find where students are in their learning. This type of assessment is carried out day-to-day, in every lesson. Its outcomes will help the teacher on making well-founded judgements about pupils' understanding of concepts, deciding what the next learning steps should be and, therefore on planning effectively. In addition, other purpose of formative assessment is to provide students with inmediate feedback about their performance.
Student assessment information should always be what drives a teacher’s instruction. Until taking the Literacy Assessment 637 class I had not been required to administer so many assessments. This class also required me to not only assess my students, but to interpret the data and use it to develop and create remediation activities. The purpose of assessing any student is to gain information about a child and identify strengths as well as deficit areas. This can include formal assessment such a DIBELS, “The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) are a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of early literacy skills from kindergarten through sixth grade.” (https://dibels.org/dibels.html), or informal assessment such as observations, checklists and anecdotal records. This class also helped me to understand how critical it is to
Educational assessment is the process of documenting, usually in measurable terms, knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs. Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community (class, workshop, or other organized group of learners), the institution, or the educational system as a whole. â€oePupils with moderate learning difficulties will have attainments significantly below expected levels in most areas of the curriculum, despite appropriate interventions. Their needs will not be able to be met by normal differentiation and the flexibilities of the National Curriculum.
For more than 20 years, formative assessment has been highly researched and even accredited as a critical part of a teacher’s pedagogy. In the last decade it (formative assessment has become something of a buzzword and in some cases a mandate in k-12 schools across the country. Formative assessment can be defined as a part of the instructional process intended to gather information and provide feedback for both students and teachers that allow for needed
Although somewhat vague compared to summative assessment, several key features help frame formative assessment. First, formative assessment happens while learning is taking place as opposed to at the end of content delivery. Rather, this is considered “assessment for learning,” (Chappuis, J., Stiggins, Chappuis, S., & Arter, 2012, pg. 5). The format is formal or informal, but the outcome in its use is an in-progress check of what students know and what students do not know. Chappuis, Stiggins, Chappuis, and Arter (2012) define formative assessment as, “Formal and informal processes teachers and students use to gather evidence for the purpose of improving learning,” (pg. 24). Second, this type of assessment is used to make instructional strategy adjustments. If student learning did not happen via one instructional method, the teacher must make the necessary accommodations to reteach the concept or skill. Next, it is not only used by teachers for feedback on instruction, but formative assessment is also used for providing timely, descriptive feedback to students and extends to allow for student self-assessment (Chappuis, J., Stiggins, Chappuis, S., & Arter, 2012; Popham, 2008). Formative assessment provides opportunity to provide specific feedback to students on where they are currently in their learning, and where they should be headed.
Marzano, R.J. (2007). The art and science of teaching. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Classroom assessments can do more than measure learning. How educators access and communicate the results send a clear message to students about what is worth learning, how we expect them to perform as well as how it should be learned. Linking instruction and assessment is critical to effective learning. Educators should provide students with various options for learning that include: different ways to learning (style and time), di...
Growing up as a bilingual child I never realized that there was more to a language than the obvious difference. Of course I could tell the difference between English and Spanish, but what I did not realize was that the two languages had a set of sounds that were specific to that language. This of course applies to all languages and not just the two that I speak. According to Dr. Elena Izquierdo, phonology is the sounds of a language, the rules that govern those sounds. Phonology directly dictates how a person learns a language. All babies are born with the ability hear all the different sounds of any language. Their brains are receptive to learn which ever language he/she is to grow up with. At about the age of 10 to 12 month babies begin to tune out other language sounds, sounds that will not be part of the language he/she will speak (Franco). These sounds are called phonemes and they are the smallest unit of sound that exists within a language. As a child learns their native language, many of the sounds they can produce become developmental; however, the child can hear that specific sound even without being able to produce the sound themselves. Learning a second language, however, differs from this because a child past the age of 12 months has already discriminated against the sounds of their native language. Take English for example, when a kindergarten aged child first learns to read or write, they will use more consonant sounds because to them consonants are more consistent, but a Spanish speaking child will use vowels to guide their learning (Izquierdo). Spanish has only five definite vowel sounds whereas standard English has 11...
It is important that teachers give children a fair chance to show their knowledge when assessing. “The purpose of assessment is to provide feedback that can be used to improve student performance” (Orange 2000). Teachers assess children to ensure that they are understanding the material, and to make sure they are learning. For young children, tests should never be the only criteria for assessment. Instructors should always make sure that their assessment is fair.
In spite of the importance of assessment in education, few teachers receive proper training on how to design or analyze assessments. Due to this, when teachers are not provided with suitable assessments from their textbooks or instructional resources, teachers construct their own in an unsystematic manner. They create questions and essay prompts comparable to the ones that their teachers used, and they treat them as evaluations to administer when instructional activities are completed predominantly for allocating students' grades. In order to use assessments to improve instruction and student learning, teachers need to change their approach to assessments by making sure that they create sound assessments. To ensure that their assessments are sound they need include five basic indicators that can be used as steps to follow when creating assessments. The first of these indicators and the first step a teacher must take when creating a sound assessme...
For centuries, assessments have been used to determine student knowledge level and understanding. In recent years, testing has become a major topic of debate; some believe testing students is the best way to measure student growth and performance, as well as teacher effectiveness. From the other perspective, some believe that increased standardized testing lacks validity and reliability. Quite often, other elements are not considered such as students with learning disabilities, students with varying socioeconomic status and race, and students testing in their second language. Assessments taken by students with a different first language encounter several issues in addition to language tests such as the TOEFL test or placement tests.