In many ways, the ideas and themes expressed in Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome are comparable to those detailed in Margaret Atwood’s poem, “February”. As both works of literature feature the cold winter months or a single harsh winter month as the respective settings for the pieces, the messages that the writers intend to convey to their readers is incredibly similar. In both cases, winter symbolizes the repression of love and passion and the increased frequency of depressing thoughts. Atwood writes that in February, “famine / crouches in the bed sheets.../ and pollution pours / out of our chimneys to keep us warm” (20-24). In the life of her speaker, there is no love during this cold, brutal month. She has no one else to keep her bed warm, …show more content…
and in fact, one of the few sources of heat she has during the winter is that which radiates from her fire place. February marks the absence of passion from her life.
Similarly, Ethan Frome is unable to generate affection from or toward his wife, causing him to consider Mattie as a more romantically exciting partner. The bleak winter backdrop of this novel evokes the sense that Ethan’s love life is just as sparse and dead as the snow-laden world around him. His only source of heat during these months is Mattie, but he cannot succumb to his desires to relish in her warmth and love because he is trapped by his inability to escape from his tragic circumstances. In both works of literature, the speaker and Ethan long for a warmth and a fire that they cannot have due to the coldness that dominates their lives. Furthermore, the cats that play a role in both the poem and in Ethan Frome serve as blatant reminders that love is absent from the characters’ lives. In “February”, the speaker is woken up each morning, not by a lover, but by “a black fur sausage with yellow Houdini eyes” (3-4). Perhaps, this cat is her only companion in the dismal bleakness that is winter. And perhaps, in addition to the warmth provided by the crackling blaze on the hearth, the only other source of warmth comes from the …show more content…
feline. This is hardly a circumstance that anyone would want to find themselves in, especially the speaker who seems to grow agitated at her cat’s constant, close proximity. The cat in Edith Wharton’s novel also acts as a reminder that true, expressed love is but a dream for Ethan.
The animal essentially takes on the role of the journeying matriarch, reminding Ethan and Mattie that, despite Zeena’s absence, her presence could still be felt. No acts of love could proceed in that house, for the cat was a force that separated the two “would-be” lovers from acting on the desires of their hearts. While Ethan and Mattie were enjoying their night alone, the cat “...lay watching them with narrowed eyes…” (Wharton 66). And just as Ethan moved to grasp Mattie’s hand, “the cat had jumped from Zeena’s chair…[and had] set up a spectral rocking” (Wharton 70). Again, any hope for a romantic gesture was eradicated as the cat’s actions forced the characters to remember Zeena’s existence, and consequently the roles they each played in her life. Lastly, the poem’s line, “It’s all about sex and territory, / which are what will finish us off / in the long run” (13-15) sends a message that rings true in Ethan Frome, as well. The downfall of Ethan and Mattie occurred as a result of their refusal to live without each other’s love. They both wanted that which they could not have, and their only solution was
death. Though their attempt at suicide did not yield the results they desired, the attempt is truly what “finished them off” at the end of the novel. The desire to remain together in death for all eternity kept them in the reality that they so longed to escape. As Atwood so eloquently stated in her poem, “It’s love that does us in” (19).
Tale of the Living Dead Ethan Frome, by Edith Warton is truly a tale of the “living dead”. Don’t be confused by the way this term is used in movies, where the living dead are corpses that rise from the ground. In this case, the term “living dead” refers to a person who is physically alive but emotionally dead. In the novel, Ethan Frome, all three main characters are emotionally dead. The characters have been emotionally dead since the "smash-up" in which Ethan and Mattie crashed their sled into a tree.
Throughout the book, Ethan himself appears to be lifeless which reflected on how he lived his life due to not pursuing his dreams and remaining in the same old town his ancestors inhabited. Ethan is not the only one dreaming within the book. Mattie also pictures herself with Ethan in the future and it does come true. However, she is not Ethan’s wife like she planned to be. She is stuck with both Ethan and her cousin as her cousin cares for her and the man of her dreams. The reality they are facing becomes more of a hell than a happy ending as they imagined it would
This quote is explaining the feeling of Ethan when Mattie Silver comes into his home. Ethan was gloomy and pretty much sick of his wife and when Mattie comes to his house she brings hope and a whole new outlook on life to Ethan. Ethan feels that she is warm person and a polar opposite compared to Zeena. Her coming transforms Ethan?s cold and depressing existence.
Powerful Winter Imagery in Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome. Ethan Frome, the title character of Edith Wharton's tragic novel, lives. in his own world of silence, where he replaces his scarcity of words with images and dreams and fantasies. There is striking symbolism in the imagery. predominantly that of winter, which connotes frigidity, detachment, bleakness.
In Ethan Frome, the theme of winter is predominantly used, with its confining nature, to portray each character’s hardships. For example, the theme of winter is directly linked with Ethan Frome and the harsh conditions he has to endure to survive. To Ethan, the wintry snow in Starkfield seems elegant and appealing, but as he sees later on, the snow is unveiled as a major obstacle, preventing Ethan from achieving his dreams. Winter manifests itself as the ice, cold, and snow symbolically representing the isolation that Ethan experiences. As the narrator states “when winter shut down on Starkfield, and the village lay under a sheet of snow… must have been in Ethan Frome's young manhood,” The solitude that winter brings causes Starkfield to
Several Years after their marriage, cousin Mattie Silver is asked to relieve Zeena, who is constantly ill, of her house hold duties. Ethan finds himself falling in love with Mattie, drawn to her youthful energy, as, “ The pure air, and the long summer hours in the open, gave life and elasticity to Mattie.” Ethan is attracted to Mattie because she is the opposite of Zeena, while Mattie is young, happy, healthy, and beautiful like the summer, Zeena is seven years older than Ethan, bitter, ugly and sickly cold like the winter. Zeena’s strong dominating personality undermines Ethan, while Mattie’s feminine, lively youth makes Ethan fell like a “real man.” Ethan and Mattie finally express their feeling for each other while Zeena is visiting the doctor, and are forced to face the painful reality that their dreams of being together can not come true.
Many people oppose society due to the surroundings that they face and the obstacles that they encounter. Set in the bleak winter landscape of New England, Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton is the story of a poor, lonely man, his wife Zeena, and her cousin Mattie Silver. Ethan the protagonist in this novel, faces many challenges and fights to be with the one he really loves. Frome was trapped from the beginning ever since Mattie Silver came to live with him and his wife. He soon came to fall in love with her, and out of love with his own wife. He was basically trapped in the instances of his life, society’s affect on the relationship, love, poverty, illness, disability, and life.
As one reads just the very few pages of the book, symbols are relevant here and there. One of the first symbols introduced is the town Starkfield. As one would mostly think Starkfield was nonetheless just a city name Wharton came up with. Meriam webster dictionary defines the prefix word “Stark” as bare, cold or empty appearance. It is now clear of how pivotal this symbol is to the story. Wharton uses this symbol to “symbolize the devastating and isolating effects of the harsh winters on the land” (Boodie). With this town we presume its an icy cold one due to the descriptions in the novel. This proceeds to the symbolism of the winter season which seems to be mostly in effect throughout the story. The winter season symbolizes feelings such as isolation and loneliness. As we all know, the winter brings on snow, ice, wind, coldness and even further in depth darkness and death. Throughout the story we see Frome hide himself in the nature of the town. With the symbolism of nature we see Ethan hiding himself through the harshness of the winter. Quoting Book Rags “ Ethan embodies the somber and bleak landscape of Starkfield itself.” With that said we can see the importance of the nature on the character’s characteristics.
The narrator, upon meeting Ethan Frome for the first time, thought "he seemed a part of the mute melancholy landscape, an incarnation of its frozen woe, with all that was warm and sentient in him fast bound below the surface." He "had the sense that his loneliness was not merely the result of his personal plight, but had in it…the profound accumulated cold of many Starkfield winters" (Wharton, 9).
He is physically isolated from the world and is also cut off from the possibility of any relationship. Due to his new situation, he looks for an outlet in order to relieve himself from this isolation. Luckily enough for him, Mattie comes around in order to help Zeena out due to her illness. Wharton writes, “...the coming to his house of a bit hopeful young life was like the lighting of a fire under a cold heart” (Wharton 33). As Smith recognizes in this comparison, he says that “His (Ethan) life of isolation changes, however, when Mattie Silver comes to stay with him and his wife” (Smith 96). Smith correctly analyzes Ethan’s situation, labeling Mattie as this outlet of hope that he can turn to in order to cope with his isolation. Wharton herself shows that Ethan truly did view Mattie as his outlet for hope, mainly due to his love for her, which Mattie shares equally for him. This love sprouts from many things including attractiveness, conversation, understanding, and listening, many of which he lacks for his whole life and where most of his isolation roots itself. Wharton writes, “She had an eye to see and an ear to hear: he could show her things and tell her things, and taste the bliss of feeling that all he imparted left long reverberations and echoes he could wake at will” (Wharton 28). This is a fancy way of saying that they Mattie not only listened to Ethan, but also
When Zeena was there while Ethan's mother was ill to "nurse her", she gave him the "human speech" he longed for because his mother had "lost the power of speech." Ethan felt that he would be "dreadful" if "left alone" if Zeena were to leave him, so he ended up marrying her so she would stay. Ethan is unable to make decisions without thinking of her first or being reminder that she's the one he is loyal to because of this attachment. Even having blissful moments with Mattie, Ethan cannot rid his mind of Zeena. While having supper, the cat "jumped between them into Zeena's empty chair" and when reminded of Zeena, Ethan was "paralyzed." Ethan is happy when with Mattie, but his love for her will never rid him from Zeena. Ethan was even planning o asking the Hales for currency, but the thought of "leaving alone" his "sickly woman" led him to desert his plan in taking money to leave Zeena by herself. This shows that even in his desire to escape her, Ethan values their marriage and is still thinking of her greater good. Ethan's happiness resides in Mattie to the point where he was willing to kill himself to be with her forever, however, midway through the attempt, "his wife's face, with twisted monstrous ligaments, thrusts itself between him and his goal." Due to Zeena showing herself to Ethan near death, he "swerved in response" which may have caused the attempt to fail. This scene demonstrates how Ethan, even when
Symbols are what takes a novel to another level and without them a novel would be very one dimensional and readers would lose interest. The color red is very prevailing in Ethan Frome. We associate red with blood, love, hate, passion, danger, and countless others. There are many items in this story that are specifically described as red. Ethan’s scar, the “"cherry-coloured fascinator” (Wharton 32), the pickle dish, and the sun. It seems as if the red symbols are related to angsts in Ethan’s life. The red pickle dish is a symbol of Ethan and Mattie’s marriage. When it breaks, Zeena is devastated, but Ethan, not so much. The idea of passion between the two ties into the color of the dish, red. Also, keep in mind that Mattie was the one who took the dish out of the china closet, which resulted in the cat breaking it. Just like how she broke Ethan and Mattie’s marriage. Another symbol is the tree at the end of the snow slope. Ethan sees Zeena’s face on the tree. The tree symbolizes the desire to be belligerent towards Zeena. Ethan could have avoided the crash into the tree if he wished. Even though both Ethan and Mattie ended up injured, Ethan was glad he hit “Zeena”. The night that Ethan had walked with Mattie home, he notices “A dead cucumber vine dangled from the porch like the crape streamer tied to the door for a death" (Wharton 56). This symbolizes and foreshadows a death to come. The death of Ethan Zeena’s marriage,
(Hoffman). The book also talks about how Ethan’s isolation in his marriage and in his life is the reason that at the end of the book the condition, and quality of life at the Frome household is very tense and quiet, “. but winters there’s the fires to be thought of; and there ain’t a dime to spare up at the Fromes” (Wharton 93). Ethan’s isolation and loneliness began when his mom died and he was left in the farm house all alone and had to keep up with the farm and house work.
Edith Wharton, originally named “Edith Newbold Jones”(Cliff Notes), was born on “January 24, 1862 in New York City to George Frederic Jones and Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander Jones and died on August 11, 1937”(Cliff Notes). She was born into a wealthy family and was a “designer, short story writer and American novelist”(Cliff Notes). Wharton descended from the English and Dutch cultures. She had two siblings, one known as “Frederic Rhinelander Jones” (Cliff Notes) who was sixteen years older than her, and “Henry Edward Jones eleven years older”(Cliff Notes). While her brothers attended boarding school, Wharton became “raised as an only child in a brownstone mansion on West Twenty-third Street in New York City”(Cliff
...k Cat. The narrator with his degraded morals could only function as a killing machine. He became a being with a one track mind, his mind filling with thoughts to kill and not be found, the true feelings of being alive escaped from him. Once a logic system of cause and effect replaces the conscience of a man these true human feelings of love, friendship, and even true happiness are forever forsaken. Not to mention that when one stoops as low as the narrator did these feelings become skeletons of their former meaning, leaving behind a person with an emotionless calculating mind, which with the right ingredients can become a lethal combination. In conclusion the narrator of the Black Cat portrays a case of the ultimate descent into madness and a man who could not handle his guilt, turning himself into a victim but ultimately a victim whom is in denial about his actions.