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Double jeopardy essay of constitutional law
The principle of double jeopardy
The principle of double jeopardy
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Should the doctrine of double jeopardy be retained or not in the Northern Territory?
Double Jeopardy by definition is the process that dis-allows a defendant from being tried again for a charge that he/she was legitimately acquitted or convicted of .
The doctrine of double jeopardy has both advantages and dis-advantages. Prior to issuing a conclusion of whether or not double jeopardy should or should not be retained in the Northern Territory, I will outline the major advantages and dis-advantages. This outline will identify an insight into the reasoning as to the decision regarding retaining double jeopardy or not in the Northern Territory.
The major benefit of the doctrine of double jeopardy is the prevention of re-trying a person for the same crime. This benefits the accused by eliminating the stresses of living ones life with the potential for continually being re-tried for the same crime, whilst ensuring the prosecution has the most comprehensive case (sufficient evidence for conviction) prior to commencing court proceedings. This should ensure avoidance of both ‘autrefois acquit’ and ‘autrefois convict’ having to be applied, since the potential of re-trial should be eliminated.
Other benefits include individuals not being tried due to little or no evidence by the Department of Public Prosecutions (DPP), part formed cases that have no real evidence. This ensures a higher rate of convictions and a reduction in ‘wasted’ costs due to trials with lack of evidence (Guangdong official , The Honeymoon Killer , Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692 ).
Disadvantages due to the doctrine of double jeopardy include the increased levels of pressure on the prosecution to ensure sufficient and precise factual evidence prior to proceeding to...
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...ump and land on the pavement. This was self-inflicted. Again, it not reasonable foreseeable by Julia that her actions would cause the damage it did.
• Duress – ‘Unlawful pressure exerted upon a person to coerce that person to perform an act that he or she ordinarily would not perform’ . Based on the past violent conflicts, Julia could have potentially feared Tony. Her fear possibly motivated her to act in the threatening manner that lead to the jump that ultimately killed Tony.
• Excuse – Division 4 s33 NT Criminal Code - unlikely, however possible defense.
Following a review of the Northern Territory office of the director of public prosecutions (NTDPP), it is recommended that proceedings for the prosecution commences. The decision to proceed with prosecution on manslaughter charges are in agreement with the NT Office of the Director of Public Prosecution s2.1 .
In December, 2011, two years after the unpleasant homicide of Wayne Boyce, the evidence collected for this particular crime suggested Prima Facie existing in the allegations made. The case then went to trial in the NSW Supreme Court of Australia. Where A 19 year old teenager referred by the initials of his name AH as he was a juvenile, pleaded guilty towards the manslaughter of Mr Wayne Boyce, 23 years of age.
This essay will analyze the entire case R. v. Morin and evaluate the facts, issues, positions of the Crown and accused. The decisions made during this case and reasons that ultimately lead to the final verdict by the Ontario Court of appeal. This essay will evaluate the decision of whether the delay of the R. v. Morin and the cases that it set precedent for were valid decisions made by the court. This evaluation will describe the arguments made on both sides during these trials. It will discuss how the decision made by the court to decide the trial delay being reasonable were the correct decisions and that section 11(b) of the Charter was not violated. The essay will also discuss the court cases R. v. Godin...
Throughout, we have heard from the victims’ family. I would like to now offer in my behalf and on the behalf of my fellow jurors in the case our utmost sympathies for the respective families of the two victims on the loss of Mr. Stephan Swan and Mr. Mathew Butler and commend them for their bravery throughout this ordeal, which I could only imagine is a hard one. I urge all the victims’ families
Holhan, 294 U.S. 103 (1935). In Napue, the court had held that the same result occurs when the State although not soliciting false evidence allows it to go uncorrected when it appears. In Brady, the Supreme Court had held that irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution, suppression of material exculpatory evidence required a new trial.
This is demonstrated in the case of R v Rogerson and McNamara where two former police officers, Roger Rogerson and Glen McNamara were convicted to life imprisonment based on the murder of Sydney student, Jamie Gao in 2014. Due to the nature of the law, the offenders presumption of innocence was upheld until their conviction in September 2016. Consequently, it created a tedious trial and sentencing process, where extortionate amounts of money were attributed to aspects, such as a judge and jury fees. Additionally, time is also a negative element in this instance where cases under the presumption of innocence, involve extensive hours of litigation and hence an increase in taxpayers
Your honor, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, thank you for your attention today. [Slide #2] I would like to assert that separation is not the end of a relationship. Divorce is not the end of a relationship. Even an arrest is not the end of a relationship. Only death is the end of a relationship. In the case of defendant Donna Osborn, her insistence that ‘“one way or another I’ll be free,”’ as told in the testimony of her friend Jack Mathews and repeated in many others’, indicates that despite the lack of planning, the defendant had the full intent to kill her husband, Clinton Osborn.
Kassin, Saul, and Lawrence Wrightsman (Eds.). The Psychology of Evidence and Trial Procedure. Chapter 3. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985. Print.
Just and equitable legal outcomes to evaluate the case include of many expectations that may be met, the outcome of the case was discovered by fair trial which includes correct punishment theories and procedures, Justice Roslyn Atkinson met these through the trial also making it equitable because the punishment theories were applied to the offender Brett Peter Cowan. Punishment options and procedures in Queensland met the current needs of the society throughout this
Garrett, Brandon. Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2011. 86. Print.
The merits of both the adversarial and inquisitorial system will be explored throughout this paper. The Australian rule of law best describes as all law should be applied equally and fairly. The five vital operations of the rule of law includes fairness, rationality, predictability, consistency, and impartially. The adversarial system adopts these operations by having a jury decide on the verdict and the judge being an impartial decision maker. In contrast, the inquisitorial system relies heavily on the judge. This can result in abusive power and bias of the judge when hearing evidence and delivering verdicts. The operations of the rule of law determine why the rule of law is best served by the adversarial system in Australia.
Compare and contrast the arguments that have been advanced for and against the incorporation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Law in the criminal justice system.
The jury plays a crucial role in the courts of trial. They are an integral part in the Australian justice system. The jury system brings ordinary people into the courts everyday to judge whether a case is guilty or innocent. The role of the jury varies, depending on the different cases. In Australia, the court is ran by an adversary system. In this system “..individual litigants play a central part, initiating court action and largely determining the issues in dispute” (Ellis 2013, p. 133). In this essay I will be discussing the role of the jury system and how some believe the jury is one of the most important institutions in ensuring that Australia has an effective legal system, while others disagree. I will evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a jury system.
It has been demonstrated the one in seven people, or fourteen percent, who are put on death row were innocent of their convicted crimes. The American society is outraged when an innocent person is killed, the fourteen percent would not have to suffer if the death penalty was illegal throughout the country. There is no way to tell how the more one thousand people, possibly more, executed since 1976 may also have been innocent, courts do not generally entertain claims of innocence when the defendant is dead. Wrongful convictions and executions can be made from many of the following factors: mistaken eyewitness testimony, faulty forensic science, fabricated testimony or testimony from jailhouse informants, grossly incompetent lawyers, false confessions, police or prosecutorial misconduct and racial bias. Many of the people who are resentenced from death to life imprisonment may be innocent and rotting behind bars, since without the imminent threat of death, no one will take up their case to exonerate them. Along with the con of the death of innocent people, the elimination of the death penalty proves as a more effective way to deter
... been recognized as criminal proceedings. The double jeopardy clause in the Fifth Amendment prohibits the state from trying an offender as juvenile and later as an adult for the same crime.
The defense of duress is available where a defendant commits a crime to prevent the greater of death or serious injury to himself or another threatened by a third party. On the other hand, the defense of necessity refers to circumstances where a person chooses to commit an offence to avoid a greater evil to them or another which would result from objective dangers arising from the circumstances in which they are placed . The difference between these two similar defenses is that duress is regarded as an excuse in English Law, whereas necessity is regarded as a justificatory defense.