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Psychological effects on domestic violence
Effects of all forms of domestic violence
Psychological effects on domestic violence
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Recommended: Psychological effects on domestic violence
Many studies have pointed to negative and often long-term mental health consequences of domestic violence for victims. These impacts extend to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and other disorders, substance abuse to self medicate, and suicide. Findings linking domestic violence and mental health raise important issues for service response. Firstly, health systems and practitioners need to be attuned to negative mental health impacts of domestic violence for victims in order to assist them; that is, to address their psychological needs, as well as refer to specialised services to address their safety and other needs.
Secondly, health services and systems need to be mindful of increasing levels of harm for victims who may have experienced
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2011, p. 56). Among male victims, 16.4% reported at least one post-traumatic stress disorder symptom (p. 57).
• Evidence indicates greater mental health consequences for women who are sexually abused by a partner when compared with those who are physically abused only, even after controlling for the severity of physical violence.
Impacts include lower self esteem and body image (Campbell 1989); a greater number of mental health problems
(Cole, Logan & Shannon 2005); depression and increased levels of depression (Campbell & Soeken 1999; Vogel &
Marshall 2001); and more severe post-traumatic stress (Bennice et al. 2003; Temple et al. 2007).
• In their analysis of health outcomes contributing to the disease burden of intimate partner violence among women in Victoria, VicHealth (2004, p. 25) found that anxiety and depression represented the greatest proportion of the disease burden (27% and 35% respectively). Eating disorders represented a further 0.5% of the disease burden (p. 27).
MAY 2013
FAST FACTS 10
• In a seminal study on the cost of domestic violence, Access Economics (2004, p. 24) associated nearly 18% of all female depression and 17% of female anxiety disorders in Australia with family violence.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL
There are many different types of domestic violence. Physical abuse is the most obvious form, but this is not to say that outsiders always recognize it. Generally, physical violence causes bodily harm, using a variety of methods. Slapping, pushing, throwing, hitting, punching, and strangling are only a few methods. An object or weapon may or may not be used. There is not always physical evidence of physical abuse such as bruising, bleeding, scratches, bumps, etc., therefore, absence of physical marks does not necessarily mean physical abuse had not occurred. Physical abuse sometimes escalates to murder (Morris and Biehl 7, Haley 14-17).
Abuse can have a serious impact on the way a person thinks and interacts with the world around them. The chronic exposure to domestic violence, and the stress fear resulting from this exposure can cause not only immediate physical injury, but also mental shifts that occur as the mind attempts to process trauma or protect the body. Domestic violence affects one’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors and can significantly impact one’s mental stability. Increased anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms are commonly observed among survivors of domestic violence. Coping with the effects of domestic violence can be overwhelming, often because the perpetrator has taken the survivor’s control over the situation away. When this has occurred, a survivor may have the need to self-medicate or use drugs or alcohol to help him or her cope with the overwhelming feelings. Engaging in self-injurious behaviors can also bring a sense of control over a person’s environment and serve as a release of tension. It is an action that is not always performed with suicidal intent, although occasionally it can result in severe harm or death. These are temporary coping strategies that can lead to deeper issues in the
Warshaw, C., Sullivan, C., & Rivera, E. (2013, February). Domestic violence and other lifetime trauma can have significant mental health consequences. Retrieved October 27, 2017, from http://www.nationalcenterdvtraumamh.org/
A representative study (Rees et al. 2011, p. 513) concluded the rates for female victoms in intimate partner violence: 77% for an anxiety disorder, 53% for a mood disorder, 47% for a substance abuse disorder and 56% for post-traumatic stress disorder with 35% having attempted suicide. These statistics clearly show a need for psychological help for these women, and this is reflected in the psychological services offered within domestic violence shelters, support groups and specialised counselling services. There is very limited empirical research done on the efficacy of domestic violence shelters and the psychological help provided, but the scarce body of work indicates that counselling assists in improving these women’s lives dramatically. Tutty, Bidgood & Rothery (1993) evaluated 12 support groups for female victims of intimate partner violence and found that the women who had left their abusive partner and continued to attend the support groups sessions had significantly improved “self-esteem, belonging support, locus of control… [and] perceived stress” (Tufty, Bidgood & Rothery 1993, p. 325). It was found that in comparison to when they started attending sessions, these women held less traditional views of family and marriage and marital functioning. With these conclusion the support groups being instrumental to women’s recovery (Tufty, Bidgood & Rothery, 1993), it can be seen that the creation of psychological support shows positive reform for
Domestic violence is well-known to be a serious problem in Canada. Domestic violence includes physical assault or aggressive actions against family members, spouse, intimate partner, boyfriend or girlfriend. It can have many negative results and even result in death. Statistics Canada (2013) mentions stress, chronical diseases and addictions as common results of domestic violence. In most cases, the victims are women. According to Statistics Canada (2013), among all the cases of domestic in 2013, 80% of victims were women. Statistics Canada (2013) states that intimate partner violence is higher when female victims are between 25 and 34 year old. Alcohol also can increase risk of domestic violence. Another factor is that life in certain poor neighborhoods has a lot of instances of street violence. If not effectively stopped, domestic violence can result in murder. Many intimate partner homicides result from escalation of
Domestic violence, also referred to as intimate partner violence, intimate partner abuse or domestic abuse, affects over one million people in the United States alone. It can be carried out in any number of ways including physically, emotionally, sexually, psychologically and/or financially. Its legal definition considers it to be “any assault, battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, or any criminal offense resulting in physically injury or death of one family member or household member by another who is residing in the same single dwelling unit” (Brown, 2008). In the United States it is considered a major health problem so much so that it was declared the number one health concern by the U.S. Surgeon General in 1992 (Peterman & Dixon, 2003). Not only is it a rapidly growing health problem but it is a growing societal concern as well. Extending beyond the effect felt by the victims and their families, it impacts our communities, government, law enforcement and public service agencies.
75% of cases of domestic violence result in physical injury or mental health consequences to women. Due to reports of...
In conclusion, it is clearly shown that domestic violence has a negative effect on the children who witness it. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes (Anda & Chapman & Dube & Felitti & Giles & Williamson, 2001, p.1). In fact, childhood stressors such as witnessing domestic violence and other household dysfunctions are highly interrelated and have a graded relationship to numerous health and social problems (Anda & Chapman & Dube & Felitti & Giles & Williamson, 2001, p.2). It is obvious and clearly shown that the children who witness domestic abuse have serious long term mental effects.
Paddock, Catharine, PhD. "Mental Health Disorders Linked to Domestic Violence." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
Actual or threatened physical violence, psychological violence and the denial of physical and economic resources all have an enormous impact on women 's mental health. These problems take many forms, all affecting women 's ability to attain a basic quality of life for herself and her family. Abuse is strongly associated with alcoholism and drug use in women (Facts About Domestic Violence). It also can lead to "fatigue and passivity coupled with an extreme sense of worthlessness" (Violence Against Women in the Family, 78 ). These symptoms together remove any initiative and decision making ability from the victim. This lethargy, coupled with economic barriers, makes escape from the situation very difficult. The lack of initiative also thwarts women 's abilities to participate in activities outside of the home. High levels of stress and depression are also extremely common mental health problems for victims of family violence, often leading to suicide (Facts About Domestic Violence). In the United States, one quarter of suicide attempts by white women and one half of attempts by African American women are preceded by abuse (In the Health of Women: A Global Perspective, 128). The World Bank 's analysis found domestic violence to be a major cause of disability and death among women; the burden of family violence is comparable to that of HIV, tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease or cancer (Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Issue,
Thesis: In my paper, I will be examining the different types, possible causes, and effects of Intimate Partner Violence, and what treatments or programs are available to combat this growing problem in America. Regardless of differing approaches to fight it, statistics show that women all across the world suffer from the effects of domestic violence at a similar rate independent of class, race, or religion.
How does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these 'effects' of domestic violence on children and show that there is evidence of a clear relationship in which increasing parental violence is associated with increasing outcome risks (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998, p.8).
When I saw that the writing assignment for this week I can honestly say I did not look forward to sitting down and writing it. In fact, I put it off….did a ton of other things around my house before I could get myself to sit down and somehow put what I have to say about my personal experience/knowledge that I have with domestic violence.
Campbell, Jacquelyn et al. “Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Heath Consequences.” Archives of Internal Medicine 162i10 Article 7 (2012): 1-13.
Lundy, M., & Grossman, S. F. (2005). The mental health and service needs of young children exposed to domestic violence: Supportive data. Families in Society, 86(1), 17-29. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230168631?accountid=10825