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Affect of media stereotyping on women and girls
Effect of mass media on individuals
Effect of mass media on individuals
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Introduction “Mickey Mouse, either by name or by image, is better known in more places on this mud-ball earth than any human being in all history. In their day neither Caesar nor Napoleon were half so widely known” (Wallace, 1949). The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney has created the iconic Mickey Mouse image that is known all over the globe, demonstrating Disney’s power in the media. The Walt Disney Company has been the world’s most dominant story telling company, making it highly responsible for constructing representations of childhood culture. Disney’s representations have, inadvertently or otherwise, shaped early childhood perceptions of codependency, body image and stereotypes.
Argument When children are young, they begin
Dr. Gail Dines, a Professor of sociology and women studies at Wheelock College in Boston, MA speaks about the minimal change of feminine characters, throughout the years in Disney movies. “[y]ou still have the same highly sexualized female body with big breasts, the tiny waist, the fluttering eyelashes, the coy expressions and the seductress” (Picker & Sun, 1991). Dissatisfaction of body image is common in women, coinciding with this, studies performed on peer and media influences of body image concerns and dieting awareness in younger girls, have shown a growing number of preadolescent girls are also dissatisfied with their body image. “Sixty two per cent of Canadians see girls being exposed to unrealistic, sexy images of women in advertising as one of the most major problems facing women and girls in Canada today” (Canadian Women’s Foundation, 2012). The typical body image that Disney portrays unrealistic and unattainable representations and causes children to have self-doubt about their current body image. “A study in BC found that 60% of girls who were actually too thin, thought they were too fat” (The McCreary Centre Society, 2003). Reinforcing these notions is the media that these young girls are faced with. In Disney films the protagonists are
Socialization of children allows them to learn stereotypes and attitudes towards races from external influences such as their parents, peers, media and the surrounding environment. With the exposure to common Disney films such as The Jungle Book, The Lion King, and Lady and the Tramp, examples of subtle racist references can shape a child’s view of stereotypical behaviour. With regularity, Disney draws comparisons between the African American minority and the voices of animals such as gorillas or hyenas. Examples of this include, in the film The Jungle Book, the gorillas in the film, portray the traits like jive dancing and sound similar to those of African American males, with slower deeper voices. In a scene from the movie, the gorillas sing “I want to be a man, man cub, and stroll right into town and be just like the other man – I’m tired of walking around. I want to be like you. I want to talk like you, walk like you” (Walt Disney’s The Jungle Book, 1967). The subtle reference between gorillas and African Americans can begin to shape the ideals of children from a young age. In the Disney film, The Lion King, the hyenas speak in street slang, that is reminiscent of the dialect of inner city minorities, particularly African Americans. Researcher Jacqueline Maloney at
It has recently been brought up that media influences girls in pre-adolescence, which is highly likely since most young girls idolize Barbie (Rintala & Mustajoki, 1992). “Were Barbie a flesh-and-blood woman, her waist would be 39% smaller than that of anorexic patients, and her body weight would be so low that she would not be able to menstruate” (Rintala & Mustajoki, 1992). Most young girls wish that they could look like Barbie when they grew up, but if they knew the reality of having her measurements, their perceptions would probably change. Children frequently fantasize about who they will be, what they will do, and how they will look when they grow into adulthood. Advertisers use women that are abnormally thin, and even airbrush them to make them appear thinner.
In recent years, sociologists, psychologists, and medical experts have gone to great lengths about the growing problem of body image. This literature review examines the sociological impact of media-induced body image on women, specifically women under the age of 18. Although most individuals make light of the ideal body image most will agree that today’s pop-culture is inherently hurting the youth by representing false images and unhealthy habits. The paper compares the media-induced ideal body image with significant role models of today’s youth and the surrounding historical icons of pop-culture while exploring various sociological perspectives surrounding this issue.
Presently, Disney known for its mass media entertainment and amusement parks technically bring warm feelings to many children and some adults. Personally, Disney elicits magical fantasies that children enjoy and further encourages imagination and creativity. For decades Disney has exist as an unavoidable entity with its famous global sensation and reach. Furthermore, Disney is a multibillion dollar empire with an unlimited grasp on individuals and territories. An empire per se, since they own many media outlets, markets, shops, etc., you name it they got it. However, the film Mickey Mouse Monopoly presents an entirely new perspective on the presumed innocence projected in Disney films. This film exposes certain traits Disney employs and exclusively portrays through its media productions, specifically cartoons for directing and nurturing influence beginning with children. Mickey Mouse Monopoly points out camouflaged messages of class, race, and gender issues in Disney films that occur behind the scenes intended to sway viewers towards adopting Disney values.
According to Beverly Ballaro, the combination of two trends, the technology-enabled media saturation of the American public, and the promotion by this media of highly unattainable body types, is largely responsible for an epidemic of body image pathologies afflicting American girls and women, as well as an increasing number of boys and men. She also mentions that the media has given certain images for each gender. Generally, for females the body image is extremely thin, and there is an emphasis on large breasts and for males, tall, slender, muscular and toned. For both genders, the most valued and appreciated appearance i...
A little girl sits on the floor with her gaze fixed on the television screen in front of her, watching magical images dance before her eyes and catchy songs flow through her ears. Even though she had seen it at least twenty times before, she still loved The Little Mermaid just as much as she did the first time she watched it. As she watched it, she longed to be a beautiful mermaid with a curvy body and wonderful singing voice like Ariel. She longed to be saved by the handsome Prince Eric, and fall in love and live happily ever-after like Ariel did. In today’s society, women strive to achieve equality between the sexes. Despite the tremendous steps that have been taken towards reaching gender equality, mainstream media contradicts these accomplishments with stereotypes of women present in Walt Disney movies. These unrealistic stereotypes may be detrimental to children because they grow up with a distorted view of how men and women interact. Disney animated films assign gender roles to characters, and young children should not be exposed to inequality between genders because its effect on their view of what is right and wrong in society is harmful to their future.
Media is a powerful agent in entertaining children. It also influences and teaches the youth of society the suitable and appropriate gender roles that they inevitably try to make sense of. The power of media is very influential especially in the minds of the youth. Disney movies target the youth and plant certain ideas and concepts about social culture into the vulnerable minds of children. Media uses gender to its advantage, just like Disney productions. Humorous caricatures reveal some harsh realities about the portrayal of Disney Princesses in many movies made by the Walt Disney Company. Disney mixes innocence with the ultimate form of fantasy to capture an audience. Predominantly, Disney helps highlight the gender roles by showing the audience simply what they want to see. In the attempt to stick to the norm and portray stereotypical female characters, Disney created Princesses. Presented as damsels in distress and inferior beings to men, Disney Princesses give children an inaccurate portrayal of gender roles at a young age. Through Disney’s social success and intriguing films, such as The Little Mermaid, Snow White, Aladdin, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, and Beauty and the Beast, Disney Princess movies portray stereotypical representation of gender roles through the denigration of the female image, targeting and ruining the perception of youth today.
Once upon a time, there was a 16 year old mermaid princess named Ariel who gave up her voice, an important part of her identity, in order to be with a man who she became infatuated with at just one glance. Ariel has a very traditional gender-stereotypical role in the film, as the helpless, clueless, naive, physically weak, submissive, and attractive female protagonist that Disney films, especially the classics, portray so often (England). There is a lot of controversy surrounding this film in regards to its patriarchal ideals. The Little Mermaid, like most media, is build for the ‘male gaze’, a term coined by Laura Mulvey that suggests that visual entertainment, such as movies, are structured to be viewed by a masculine consumer. I will argue that the male gaze perpetuates harmful gender-stereotypes in The Little Mermaid.
Society cements certain roles for children based on gender, and these roles, recognized during infancy with the assistance of consumerism, rarely allow for openness of definition. A study conducted by Witt (1997) observed that parents often expect certain behaviors based on gender as soon as twenty-four hours after the birth of a child. The gender socialization of infants appears most noticeably by the age of eighteen months, when children display sex-stereotyped toy preferences (Caldera, Huston, & O’Brian 1989). This socialization proves extremely influential on later notions and conceptions of gender. Children understand gender in very simple ways, one way being the notion of gender permanence—if one is born a girl or a boy, they will stay that way for life (Kohlberg 1966). “According to theories of gender constancy, until they’re about 6 or 7, children don’t realize that the sex they were born with is immutable” (Orenstein 2006). The Walt Disney Corporation creates childhood for children worldwide. “Because Disney are such a large media corporation and their products are so ubiquitous and wide spread globally, Disney’s stories, the stories that Disney tell, will be the stories that will form and help form a child’s imaginary world, all over the world, and that’s an incredible amount of power, enormous amount of power” (Sun). Because of the portrayal of women in Disney films, specifically the Disney Princess films, associations of homemaker, innocence, and dependence are emphasized as feminine qualities for young children. Thus, children begin to consider such qualities normal and proceed to form conceptions of gender identity based off of the movies that portray the very specific and limiting views of women (...
Disney is a company that almost everybody has either seen, heard about, or been to. Throughout the years that Disney has been making movies, some people have been saying that Disney shows stereotyping through their movies. Even though some people do not notice these stereotyping images, some people do notice them and do get very offended. Disney has been around since the early 1920`s when “Walt signed a contract with M. J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies — this date is considered the start of the Disney company first known as The Disney Brothers Studio”(Wikipedia 3). In the past, Disney has had many different claims about stereotyping, but nothing was really done about the issues. Despite claims that Disney invents perfect role models for children, Disney actually creates their characters based upon stereotypes.
Lippi-Green gives an in-depth look at the negative portrayal of African-Americans in Disney animations. She acknowledged the fact that the cartoon characters that have connotations to be from an African descent, are voiced over by actors that are also of African descent. These actors and the animated characters spoke in "African-American Ver...
Critics have warned the public audience about Disney programming’s affect on the “invasion and control of children’s imagination” (Ross 5). These movies express the typical gender roles “such as males being physically strong, assertive, and athletic, and females being prone to overt emotion, inc...
There comes a time in every parents life that their child finally grows up. Unfortunately, the age that this is occurring is decreasing with every generation. In the article “Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect,” the author, Stephanie Hanes, informs us of the growing sexualization that is occurring to the younger generations of girls all over the world. Hanes’ style of organization and use of examples and statistics not only appeals to the audience’s emotions but to the credibility of the article itself. The transition gap between early childhood and early adulthood is becoming smaller and smaller.
Towbin. M. A. et al. (2008). Images of gender, race, age, and sexual orientation in Disney
This shows how on each side of the spectrum naturally people seem fearful of people that do not look like them based on stereotypes they have heard. For example, how the turtle heard scorpions sting people and so he was uneasy to trust him. It is natural to be fearful of something and even resentful to something that is not familiar. Also in cases like in “Defining Racism” by Daniel Tatum, where he has gone to 3-4-year-olds (almost all were white) and asked them to draw a picture of an American Indian and most were stumped. Once he asked for them to draw an Indian it was the same stereotype (feather with a scary weapon) with the person in each piece. Most described that Peter Pan was their main inspiration. This demonstrates how people based looks and other assumptions based on untrustworthy sources can lead to this offensive behavior and an underlining
For decades Disney has been the source of happy endings, fairytales, and family friendly stories for children of all ages. These stories range from realistic and familiar, to the eye-catching magical fairytale. The key to each of these stories are the happy endings brought about by each of the characters unique personalities and dreams. Disney’s films are attempted to provide children with the basic understanding of wrong versus right, but instead influences our society’s beliefs and awareness. Although Disney’s efforts to provide the basic morals to our children are misleading and affect our society strongly, they also contain the use of racism in a form which shows the major differences between characters. The once admired and well-known characters are seemed to be recognized by their species, ethnicity and even their social class. Disney films have taken out of context and have persuaded their viewers understanding of racial stereotyping, which is thoroughly explained in Henry Giroux and Grace Pollock’s novel, The Mouse that Roared. They bring awareness to the underlying racial stereotyping in Disney films, which deeply affect our societies understanding today. Giroux and Pollock bring into perception these admired and regularly watched films through precise examples and racist rendering of the specific characters species and ethnicities which strongly influence our society and lead children to intake these negative influences.