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Impact on native inhabitants of the european colonization
Impact on native inhabitants of the european colonization
Impact on native inhabitants of the european colonization
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Chapter 2 Review Questions Outline the goals of the directors of the Virginia Company and the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Where did they succeed? In what ways did they fall short? Virginia: Pg. 51 The main goal for the Virginia Company was to trade with the native population. They wanted anything that would result in profit. In 1607, male traders who weren’t farmers or ministers were to obtain food, ship exotic crops, gold, and Indian items to England. Many men went searching for gold to gain profit, although they failed to find any. Powhatan, the Paramount Chief saw the English traders as possible allies to gain goods. John Rolfe, a colonist who imported tobacco seeds from the West Indies and produced them caused a migration of thousands of English settlers. To promote more settlers, the Virginia Company allowed them to own land. They also adopted self- government, using a system called a “greate Charter.” The migrants may have succeeded in business, but they fell short on necessities. Since they settled in a swampy peninsula, there was a very …show more content…
unlikely chance of an abundance of fresh water, which caused them to perish because the settlers couldn’t grow crops and they were deprived of water. Nine months after the Englishmen arrived; only 38 out of 120 men who settled in Jamestown were alive. Disease also caused a number of deaths among the 1,200 new settlers that were sent by the Virginia Company. The only way the population of Virginia increased was because of the many migrants who kept settling there. Massachusetts Bay: Pg. 63 The goals of the Massachusetts Bay were to live in self- governing communities.
John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts Bay, lead 900 migrant to the new world because he stated how England was “overburdened with people.” Winthrop and his associates governed this colony by transforming their joint-stock corporation into a political system. The Puritans visualized a reformed Christian society in New England. The Massachusetts Bay established Puritanism as its main religion. The leaders of the Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut gave land to proprietors, and then gave out land to male settlers. The Massachusetts Bay allowed most men whether or not they were rich or poor, to have a vote in town meetings. The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay looked to imitate the simplicity of the first Christians by believing in predestination. As a result, about 10,000 people migrated to this colony over the next
decade. Why were there no major witch craft scares in the Chesapeake colonies and no uprising like Bacon’s rebellion in New England? Consider the possible social, economic, and religious causes of both phenomena. In Massachusetts Bay, servants and daughters of poor families accused rich people and their friends of witch craft. Of the people who were executed, many of them were woman, where some historians speculate that the goal of the Puritans was to make sure that women were inferior to men. The people in Chesapeake only sought for money, while the people of Massachusetts Bay sought for religious freedom. Although, the people of the Chesapeake colonies practiced Christianity, they weren’t as strict about religion as the Puritans because they were mainly looking for profit in the new world. Their religious ideals were so strong that it likely caused mass hysteria among the Puritans, which may have caused them to accuse many people, mostly women of practicing witch craft. Vocabulary: Polygamy: To marry a man who already has multiple wives. The Spanish soldiers would whip the Indians who practiced polygamy, which was a normal concept in their tribal societies. Freehold, freeholder: Property that’s owned entirely. Most of the plantations in the Americas were freeholds owned by either families or male partners. Common law: A system of law that’s bases on decisions of the court, rather than written law. The African people who worked for the Englishmen for life were not legally enslaved according to the common law because chattel slavery wasn’t acknowledged. Chattel slavery: Owning humans. Slaves have a status of being property. Chattel slavery wasn’t decided by common law. Joint-Stock Corporation: A financial organization where investors pooled their capital and earned shares of stock. John Winthrop transformed joint-stock Corporation into a political system. Proprietors: Groups of settlers who receive land from the General Courts of Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay, where they then distributed land to other settlers. More land was given to people with higher status. Town meeting: A system where all men of the household met to discuss taxes, elect, and regulate roads, markets, and schools. Town meetings were a form of local government. Praying town: Native American settlements that were supervised by Puritan ministers. 14 Indian villages in Massachusetts and Connecticut were converted into praying towns, which resulted in native forms of Christianity. Encomienda System: Land grants given to privileged landholders who had total control over any natives who lived near or on their land. The conquistadors exploited the natives who were now laborers by forcing them to raise crops and cattle. Pope’s Rebellion: An uprising in 1680 where Indian (Pueblo) rebels destroyed catholic churches and killed many priests and settlers in attempt to resist Europeans and Catholicism. This was a way for the natives to take their land back and to help restore what they’ve lost. House of Burgesses: The first elected legislative assembly in the New World that was established in Virginia of 1619. Anne Hutchinson: A Puritan woman who disagreed with the Puritan church, resulting in her banishment from the Massachusetts Bay. Barbados slave codes: A code of 1661 that refused any fundamental rights to slaves and gave them no control. APPARTS: Author- Place and Time- Prior Knowledge Audience- Reason- The Main Idea- Significance-
In 1620, seeking refuge from persecution in Europe, William Bradford and his small colony of one-hundred and three Protestant separatists, later known as the Pilgrims, arrived in New England to found Plymouth Plantation. Winthrop established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, now known as Boston, as a theocracy, where elected leaders such as Winthrop himself made decisions with the advice of the clergy based of their belief of pre-destination and enforced strict religious laws upon all people who lived in the colony. Although most of those who migrated to America in 1630 shared a common Calvinist theology, there was by no means unanimity regarding how they would practice their religion. Two prominent figures soon brought dissent among the community; first, Anne Hutchinson spread her sharp challenge to the Puritan faith by spreading the idea that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and to not bother with obeying the law of either God or man; second, Roger Williams urged
The colonists had different reasons for settling in these two distinct regions. The New England region was a more religiously strict yet diverse area compared to that of the Chesapeake Bay. The development of religion in the two regions came from separate roots. After Henry VIII and the Roman Catholic Church broke away from each other, a new group of English reformers was created called the Puritans. The Puritans came from protestant backgrounds, after being influenced by Calvinistic ideas. When their reforms were thwarted by King James I of England, they fled to the New World in what is now known as the "Great Migration". The Puritans were then joined by Quakers, Protestants, and Catholics in the religiously diverse New England area. These diverse religious factions were allowed to live freely but under the laws of New England. It was due to this religious freedom that these people came to escape religious persecution back home. The New Englanders had a religion-based society and religion was based on family. As the Bible highly regarded family, it condemned adultery. Adultery was considered a punishable crime. Adulterers were marked as impure by a letter "A" stitched on their clothing, as in the book "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne. As religion was a very high priority in New England, it was very much less severe in the Chesapeake Bay region. The one established church in the region, the Anglican Church of Jesus Christ, was only then established in 1692, more than 70 years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock.
Massachusetts's inhabitants were Puritans who believed in predestination and the ideal that God is perfect. Many Puritans in England were persecuted for their nihilist beliefs in England because they felt that the Church of England, led by the Kind, did not enforce a literal enough interpretation of the Bible. Persecution punishment included jail and even execution. To seek refuge, they separated to go to Holland because of its proximity, lower cost, and safer passage. However, their lives in Holland were much different than that of England. The Separatists did not rebel against but rather preferred the English culture. They did not want their children to be raised Dutch. Also, they felt that Holland was too liberal. Although they enjoyed the freedom of religion, they decided to leave for America. Pilgrims, or sojourners, left for America on The Mayflower and landed in Cape Cod in 1626. They had missed their destination, Jamestown. Although the climate was extremely rocky, they did not want to move south because of their Puritan beliefs. They thought that everything was predestined, and that they must have landed on this rocky place for a reason. They moved slightly north to Plymouth Rock in order to survive more comfortably. Also because of their Puritan beliefs, they had good relations with the Native Americans. Their pacifist nature led the Indians to help with their crops. In thanks, the Pilgrims celebrated the first thanksgiving in 1621. A second group of Puritans in England, the Massachusetts Bay Company, came to Massachusetts for more economically motivated purposes due to their non-minimalist beliefs.
...ve in Virginia did not mean immigrants were free from its rule. Upon departing England, those leaving would take an “oath of allegiance and supremacy” (Virginia Ship’s List). This meant that the people owed their loyalty to the monarch of England, not to Virginia itself. The colonists of Virginia could have been frustrated that their head official was chosen by a single person, a person who had no place within their community. In fact, Berkeley, the governor the monarch of England elected, “brought high taxes on the people, increased his power at the expense of local officials and created a monopoly on Indian trade” (Divine, 85). This abuse of power is possibly one of the causes of rebellions, specifically Bacon’s rebellion. This republic government leading the Virginia Colony was an increasingly stark contrast to the Massachusetts’ Colony’s democratic government.
Most of early American colonies struggled to make a significant profit. It was not until John Rolfe perfected his recipe for tobacco in 1612 colonies began to seriously grow a single crop. It was then that Virginia became a plantation colony. It revolutionized colonies leading to the importation of slaves. This tobacco revolution lead to numerous advertisement campaigns. The advertisement presented is modification of what actually happened; the historical evidence in the chapter presents a different story. For instance, African American lives were influenced by tobacco, the idea of life being “a smoke,” and the increase of wealth of white people are shown in the image but are partially true.
During the 17th century, many Puritans set sail for New England in order to escape religious persecution and re-create an English society that was accepting of the Puritan faith. John Winthrop, an educated lawyer from England who later became governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was one of the first in North America to advocate Puritan ideals and lifestyle. Winthrop delivered his sermon A Model of Christian Charity, in hopes of encouraging his shipmates to establish a truly spiritual community abroad. Almost fifty years later, a Puritan named Mary Rowlandson, daughter of a wealthy landowner and wife of a minister, wrote A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, describing her 11-week captivity by native Indians after an attack on Lancaster. Rowlandson recounts her story with heroism and appreciation for God. Although John Winthrop and Mary Rowlandson were in entirely different situations when composing their literary works, both writings reflect many of the same ideals that characterize the Puritan mind, such as the belief in God's mercy, the acceptance of one's condition in life, and the importance of a strong community.
The motives of the founders of the colonies in each region played a significant part in the regions development. Sir Walter Raleigh and the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company, were among the first to try to develop settlements in the New World. Their motive to establish Roanoke and Jamestown in the Chesapeake region was primarily to make money. Thus the constant reminder that their first goal was to make profits influenced the settlers of Virginia. However, this conviction for making profits almost was the collapse of the colony for its settlers were more interested in finding gold then building shelter and growing food, finally found its outlet in the cash crop, tobacco, which John Rolfe perfected. Virginians were already greedy and self-centered. They were more concerned about personal gain than equality, and so the different levels of society appeared. Life centered on plantations, and so the rich planters were most important. Their constant need for labor source led to the introduction of land grants and indentured servants through the head-right system. In addition, the Carolinas, proprietary colonies created by Lord Berekley et al, was established strictly to profit the proprietor which they eventually did due also to cash crops.
In the early 1600s, Britain had managed to establish colonies on the coast of the present day United States. After the Spanish had settled North America in the 1500s, Britain became increasingly interested in what lay in the New World. The first successful group of aristocrats to make it to the New World had established a settlement at Chesapeake Bay, present day Virginia. The Chesapeake colonies ruled the East Coast until 1629 when the Puritans arrived. The Puritans were a group of religiously persecuted individuals who had broken away from the Anglican Church. These two groups hoped to find a new sense of peace in the New World that England could not provide them with. Despite the difference in purpose and religious views, both the Chesapeake
The settlers of New England came mostly for religious toleration. Many people that settled in New England were Puritan separatists who disagreed with the cruel religious repression of Charles I. The Puritans came to plant a godly commonwealth in New England's rocky soil. The settlers who immigrated to the Chesapeake region had no intention of finding a place to celebrate their religion. Therefore, New England became a much more religious society than the Chesapeake region. John Winthrop, a Puritan priest states in Doc.A "We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our god in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world". This shows that their goal was to create a wholesome Christian community, where Christianity could be worshiped in proper ways. It also shows that they believe if they do not do the work God has given them, that he will refuse to help them and they will perish. They felt that ...
The Puritan belief system has several guidelines that have been ingrained into the culture of the Massachusetts Bay area and its surrounding area. One of the first leaders of the Puritans was John Winthrop, and on the subject of his mission he stated that he wanted to create a “city upon the hill.” This “city” would be the beacon of example to others. The Puritans believed in model church communities and so religion was meshed with their everyday life. The Puritan religion was so significant, it needed to be taught to others, and so it was preached to other communities including the Native American population. The Puritans also believed in predestination and the power of good behavior, this helped in the overall countenance of the community. Although some of the surrounding colonies adopted various principles from the Puritans, others believed that the lifestyle was too harsh and thus rejected it. When the Puritan lifestyle did not prove successful, Roger Williams, a former Preacher of the Puritans, moved on to start the colony of Rhode Island. This new colony still held some principles of the Puritans but had much more freedom and leeway. Other colonies were influenced by the Puritans’ social structure either through adopting the Puritan principles or changing them to better fit the ideal
John Winthrop founded the colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1630, where he was the first Governor of the colony, a position he held for twenty years. In April, 1630, aboard the ship Arbella, he led a large party from England for the new world to establish a pure Christian based colony. "They hoped to establish communities of pure Christians who collectively swore a covenant with God that would they work for his ends, knowing that in return, He would watch over them".
Without a profitable export such as sugar or tobacco, New Englanders turned to fishing and lumber for products. On the contrary, the economy concentrated on family ranches supplying food for their own needs and a small commercial surplus. The government of Massachusetts mirrored the Puritans’ spiritual and social idea. Longing to govern the colony without foreign intrusion and to avoid non-Puritans from manipulating decision making, the owners of the Massachusetts Bay Company traveled to America, taking the deed with them and converting a business document into a system of government. Initially, the eight shareholders selected the men who controlled the settlement. A cluster of deputies voted by freemen was adjoined to establish the General
The Puritans came and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony around 1630 with the ideas to shape New England culture. The Puritans were religious separatists, which meant they had left the Church of England. King James the first threatened to push the puritans out or do worse. In reslult the puritans ended up leaving and finding their own place to settle. Their main purpose was to spread their religious beliefs and to find land for economical reason.Puritans held very strong beliefs on the way they lived their life. They wanted to spread their beliefs and ideas among the colonies. The amount of Puritans continued to grow larger based on the control of the leaders, 13 years after they settled there were about 20,000 puritans living in the area. The Puritans had their own ideas and values which helped shape the political, economic, and social structure of the New England colonies.
John Winthrop was a wealthy English Puritan lawyer who arrived in Massachusetts on the Arbella, in, June 1630. As one of the founding leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he was elected as the colony’s first Governor. He strongly believed in being united in a good cause and being an example to other nations around the world. Winthrop shows his strong belief in unity, in his sermon, “A Model of Christian Charity,” in 1630. With the passengers on the Arbella practically close to death and with no time for giving up, Winthrop addressed his sermon, “A Model of Christian Charity,” to inspire the passengers on how to overcome the struggles of the New World and the upcoming winter through their unity. However, unlike the strongly unified Puritans,
Education, frugality, family, and hard work were main ideas that shaped the Puritan society in the 17th century. The Puritans were a strict, religious group of people that settled in Boston and created the Plymouth Bay Colony. According to Edward Taylor, “Make me, O Lord, thy Spining Wheele complete./Thy Holy Worde my Distaff make for mee./Make mine Affections thy Swift Flyers neate/ and make my Soule thy holy Spoole to bee”(230). This conveys that the Puritans believe in God and that he can make them into something holy. John Winthrop is writing as a Puritan and he says, “Therefore let us choose life,/ that we and our seed,/ may live by obeying his/voice and cleaving to him,/for he is our life and/our prosperity”(257). Winthrop is stating