The principle of cable-tool drilling has remained unchanged since it first started in China. According to Kurts, DeGolyer (1940) “Drilling is done by repeatedly lifting and dropping a heavy string of drilling tool into the borehole, with the drill bit crushing consolidated rocks into small fragments”. Huge improvements have been made from the Chinese bamboo method. University of Kansas (1940) highlighted the key improvements that the rig mechanisms had. A good example of this is the spring pole which originally was operated by the weight and strength of three or more men, this was replaced with a modern all steel rig “which is powered with an internal-combustion engine, electric motor or steam engine” Kurtz, et al (1940). This mechanical advancement has continued during this period; however man power was still required in drilling practices regardless the advancement. 2.3 Rotary drilling technique Dr Reed Claude (2009) stated that “it was approximately 100 years ago ‘20th century’ that rotary drilling started to develop into the oil and gas industry and its then when it became a standard method of reaching oil and gas formations”. He added “It was about this time that this basic mechanical method phased out the cable-tool drilling method” (Claude, 2009). Since the start of rotary drilling, key improvements have occurred, however the method of drilling has not changed. Directional drilling developed in the 1920s is adapted to rotary drilling for “drilling horizontal wells” (Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune. 2009). The American Oil and Gas Historical Society (2006) reviewed the difference between rotary and cable-tool drilling. “Instead of the repetitive lift and drop of heavy cable-tool bits, the rotary introduced the... ... middle of paper ... ...ols • Sidetrack • Directional laser drilling devices. Paul Deutch (2009) president of Foro Energy stated that “Laser drilling would eliminate costs of using steel wall casing because the laser seals the wall of the wellbore as it bores by creating a ceramic sheath”, resulting in an “elimination of influx and out-fluxes of fluids in and out of the well” (2009). As a result, this reduces problems of formation collapsing. However, Mike Philips (2010) Total operations manager argued that laser drilling will be very difficult and expensive to apply as the “Laser must be able to cut or basically fuse the rock, a lot of energy will be required for this” (2010). Accordingly, regardless of requirements of requiring a lot of energy to power the laser, the idea of applying laser technology to the oil and gas industry is a feasible option for improving the drilling process.
On April 9, 1997, Rig 52 that belonged to Mallard Bay Drilling was towed to a location in the territorial waters of Louisiana, where it drilled a well over two miles deep. After the well was almost complete an explosion occurred killing four of the crew and injuring several others. Seeing that this was a marine casualty in navigable U.S. waters, under existing regulations the United States Coast Guard responded. When the investigation was over the Coast Guard did not find any violations of their regulations and noted it was an uninspected vessel and the operator held an Operator Uninspected Passenger Vessel (OUPV) license. Soon after the incident the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cited Mallard Bay Drilling for violations
It all began on a normal day in October 1961, when I was a freshman in high school. Me and my sisters, Ruth and Dorothy were growing up on a corn farm in the Nebraska prairie. The corn had just been harvested, and we would put the cows in thf feild to eat the little stalks in the ground. To do that we had to put up the fence, and the first step towards doing that was to drill the holes. Normally Dorothy and I, the two oldest, went out to help dad, but that day mom was especially busy so she sent seven-year-old Ruth out to the field to “help”. The drill was very dangerous, with a sharp blade wound around a metal pole and the whole thing spun super fast, when it was hooked to the PTO of the tractor. Dorothy and I knew to stay well away when it was spinning, but Ruth did not. She must have seen dad adjusting the drill when it was stopped and wanted to do it as well. It all went by in a flash. Ruth stepped a little closer to the drill.
Current drilling technology was unable to penetrate the thick rock of southwest Texas and oilmen could only extract the surface layers of oil, unable to tap the vast resources that lay far below. Big Howard came up with the idea for a rolling bit, with 166 cutting edges and invented a method to keep the bit lubricated as it tore away at the rock. Later that year, Big Howard produced a model and went into business with his leasing partner, Walter B. Sharp, forming the Sharp-Hughes Tool Company. Rather than sell the bits to oil drillers, Hughes and Sharp decided to lease the bits out on a job basis, for the tidy sum of $30,000 per well. With no competitor able to duplicate this new technology, Sharp- Hughes Tool possessed a profitable monopoly over oil extraction. So quickly was the invention successful that in late 1908, the partners built a factory on a seventy-acr...
The steam engine had the strength of ten thousand men. (Pollard) This was not the only invention that helped the factory system evolve. Textiles were a major product of the Industrial Revolution. Production was slow at first in the factory.
"Soon the 4-inch drill pipe…shot skyward. After the mud, water, and pipe were blown out, gas followed, but only for a short time. Then the well was very quiet. We ventured back, after our wild scramble for safety, to find things in a terrible mess...We started shoveling the mud away-when, without warning, a lot of heavy mud shot out of the well with the report of a cannon…In a very short time oil was going up through the top of the derricks, and rocks were being shot hundreds of feet into the air. Within a very few minutes, the oil was holding a steady flow at more than twice the height of the derrick…”
Advancements in new technology clearly promoted the industrial growth of the United States. The new technologies allowed business owners to reduce labor in the movement of materials from one point to the other. This occurred by using the new technology of railroads and machinery. Business owners used the railroads to transport their finished product and raw materials around the country more efficiently, which enabled businesses to expand. The business owners were now able to use machines for lifting materials from one floor to another and to use conveyer belts to move materials around on an assembly line. The use of machines is evident because the graph in document 5 clearly shows that American industrial and agricultural power sources between 1850 and 1900 changed. This is evident because in 1850, only 13% human power and 35% water and coal power was used, but in 1900 a mere 5% human power and a whopping 73% water and coal power was used. The use of machines more than doubled over the course from 1850-1900, and the human output de...
The United States relies on imports for about forty percent of its crude oil, which is the lowest rate of dependency since 1991 according to the U.S Energy Information Administration. Today our country is trying to keep on track in becoming less and less dependent. When it comes to the topic of the future ways the United States will get its fuel, most of us readily agree that the United States should become more independent by using natural gas that is already here on our land. Where this argument usually ends, however, is on the question of the consequences drilling for natural gas brings. Whereas some are convinced drilling is safe, others maintain that it is actually in fact dangerous. Hydraulic fracturing or "fracking", the terms for drilling for natural gas, is dangerous to our public health and to the environment because of the water contamination it causes. Therefore, it is not something that should become a project for alternative fuel used by the United States.
finding new ways to drill for oil and also refine it more efficiently to ensure that
Impact drivers lack torque control. Torque control is a feature on most cordless drills that lets you choose how much torque is going to be applied when you press the trigger on the drill. When used properly, it helps you stop your drill from damaging screws and the surface you are drilling into. Since they do not have torque control, you will have to be extra careful when using an impact driver, otherwise you will have a lot of stripped screws and damaged surfaces on your hands.
Digital fabrication is coming into the construction industry to create precisely crafted and complex buildings in response to the new competitive environment and construction market demands. Thanks to advanced technology, the good revolution can be seen in most industrial activities. Almost all of the industry sectors are trying to keep themselves up to date with new related innovation to boost their sustainable growth. However, unfortunately architects and construction engineers have been more conservative despite all of the massive global investment in the construction sector. This conservative trend was started many years after great prosperity and success in the other industries. As an example, in comparison with the more developed automotive industry, the construction industry has been weighing the pros and cons of doing automation, and it is still under development. Despite some limitations and lack of information over the 80’s and even 90’s, but the current status indicates good progress. Today, most of architectural design is no longer possible without computer technologies. The models have become more complex and require advanced tools to understand design codes and implement fabrication processes. It can be said, that the advanced automated tools with a user-friendly programming system can bring incredible solutions for architects and construction engineers. Many researchers have made significant studies to consider all possibilities and limitations of digital design-construction in various types of procedures.
The Web. The Web. 21 May 2014, ‘Petroleum Engineer: Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.’ U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. N.p.,.
As you can see lasers are a very useful and important tool which is why I have
The introduction of machinery initiated the Industrial Revolution making factories an important way of life. The machinery in factories used the pow...
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