Dinosaurs are not extinct As time goes on, more and more fossil record of dinosaurs are richly known; more and more relative research project work on. An encouraging imagination that species of dinosaurs are not extinct and they evolve to birds was emerged. Dinosaurs are still here. They are still all around in the Human Age. It sounds crazy. Nevertheless, it seems clues are everywhere. There is a kind of dinosaurs, call Sauroposeidon, could raise its massive head over eighteen meters into the air, but this was only possible because their neck bones were so light, almost 85% hollow (name). Like Sauroposeidon, other kinds of dinosaurs’ bones were honeycombed with empty spaces. In fact, everybody already knows that birds have hollow bones as well, and a lot of people believe that’s an adaptation for flight. Scientists learned that birds inherited their hollow light bones from their extinct ancestors, gigantic dinosaurs. And there is another clue. (name)The lungs of dinosaurs are designed like normal birds, which can be seen all around world every day. Focusing on the respiratory syst...
Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs are closely related in their characteristics. Ceratopsians processed a saddle-shaped boney frill that extended from the skull to the neck and typically had horns over the nose and eyes. The most popular was the triceratops, which could reach over 26 feet and weigh in excess of twelve metric tons. Their frills served as two major functions. It protected the vulnerable neck from being harmed. The second major function that the frill provided was due to the fact that the frill contained a network of blood vessels on its underside, which were used as a means to get rid of excess heat. The Pachycephalosaurs were considered to be bipedal. They were also found to have thick skulls, flattened bodies, and tail that were covered in an array of body rods. Pachycephalosaurs were thought to have been more than fifteen feet long and processed a skull that was surrounded by a rounded dome of solid bone. It was thought that they used their heads in combat or mating contests, but that was disproved fairly recently, which I will discuss later in the paper. Both Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs were “bird-hipped” and both of these suborders contained a backwards pubic bone. Both were Marginocephilia, or “fringed heads”, which is one of three clads under the Orinthiscia order. They were also herbivore dinosaurs that inherited their fringe at the back of the skull from earlier ancestors.(2) Their classi...
Paul, Gregory S. (2002). "Looking for the True Bird Ancestor". Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 171–224. ISBN 0-8018-6763-0.
The Permian-Triassic Extinction is a mass extinction that occurred between the Permian and Triassic geologic time periods approximately 250 million years ago; it is the deadliest of all extinctions that have occurred on Earth. In addition, during the Permian-Triassic extinction the continents of today existed as one supercontinent known as Pangaea. This was the first time in history where continental or land mass exceeded that of the ocean. This was also before dinosaurs of the Triassic period roamed Earth, during this time animals such as the therapsids, and Synapsids such as the Pelycosaurs, insects and amphibians also occupied Earth. Fauna that existed during the Permian period includes Gymnosperms, or seed producing plants such as the Conifers. Other animals that existed during this time include marine life such as brachiopods (clams), bryozoans (coral-like skeletons), bony fish and sharks, as well as crinoids (sea urchin like creatures). According to National Geographic, about 90 percent of all the animals and fauna of this period perished, the marine life was hit the hardest wi...
weather, and the theory says it simply can't be predicted beyond the space of a
In an article entitled Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner, those experts, John R. Hutchison and Mariano Garcia provide us with a detailed account of a recent study they did. Their study is described in an article entitled Biomechanics: Walking with tyrannosaurs by Andrew A. Biewener. Biewener states that Hutchinson and Garcia, “introduce a new biomechanical approach,” to the question of dinosaur movement and provide an, “a...
This idea was reinforced when a Diplodocus (a type of sauropod that lived in the late Jurassic) skull was found in 1884 that contained a large hole in the top of the head. Scientists believed that this hole contained the entire nostril (Witmer 2001; ). This positioning of the nostrils was used for many other models of dinosaurs as well, but when it was discovered that...
A group of scientists from North Carolina and Oregon used medical technology to search an iron-stained concretion inside the specimen’s chest. With the assistance of imaging equipment and software, they were able to reconstruct 3-dimensional structures through the interior of the concretion. The images reveal a heart that was more like that of a bird or a mammal than those of reptiles, significantly adding to evidence suggesting that at least some dinosaurs had high metabolic rates. In addition, the heart appears to have been four chambered with a single aorta, which is most commonly found in mammals or birds.
The cursorial hypothesis postulate that Archaeopteryx were likely fast ground runners and generated thrust for lift off by flapping their wings. The hypothesis is supported by calculations from an aerodynamic model, suggesting that Archaeopteryx could run at 6 metres per second before takeoff (Burgers & Chiappe, 1999). Their bone structure also support that they were fast bipedal ground runners, as Archaeopteryx had a larger hind limb to body proportion and slender limb joints that allowed them to bend their knees with ease (Lucas, 2007). Their fast, bipedal running speed, agility, and ability for flight suggest that Archaeornithes were endothermic, as these energetically demanding tasks would not be possible without the high basal metabolic activity of an endotherm.
The Troodon formosus had the appearance of a cross between a bird and a raptor. “Troodon is Greek for “wounding tooth,” a reference to the single incisor by which it was originally known” (Troodon- The Only Dinosaur That Could Pronounce Its Own Name). Scientists believe that the dinosaur was feathered and was relatively small, only about six feet in length and three feet tall ranging from around 100-130 pounds. Researchers also believe that the Troodon formosus was nocturnal and had some depth perception due to its large, front facing eyes (Troodon). The Troodon formosus also had bendable arms that resembled a modern-day birds’ wings. Troodon formosus had a U-shaped jaw with serrated teeth, and sharp claws on a couple of their toes (Troodon Formosus Dinosaur).
of species due to a variety of causes. Included is out competition, depletion of resources
Museums over the past century have only contained large dinosaur bones. Where are the little dinosaur bones? Jack Horner, the famous American paleontologist, uses his research to describe how scientists have made plentiful mistakes when it comes to naming dinosaurs. He has found the first evidence of parental care to a dinosaur's young and studies the behavior, physiology, ecology, and evolution of dinosaurs. His work has led him to discover his own dinosaur, which he named the Maiasaura, and he is exploring how to build a dinosaur.
Just as most dinosaurs are believed to be wild and mean, most are. Unlike the wild and ferocious Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Velociraptor, is a smaller, agile dinosaur. The Brontosaurus can be found with the bigger, more gentle dinosaurs. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor, and Brontosaurus differ greatly in their body structure, diet, and discovery.
“Scientific evidence is consistent with the belief that the physical universe was designed by God.” Several of those evidences can be proven throughout the Bible. As intelligent beings who are born, live life span, then die, we must have come into existence through either a natural, or supernatural process would indicate an all- powering and all- knowing Deity. This Deity would have left some record of his existence. An orderly universe was made by an orderly Creator (Sarfati, Refuting Evolution I 25).
Extinction of Dinosaurs Many different theories exist as to why the dinosaurs went extinct. We know for sure most dinosaurs died around 65 million years ago. The majority of scientists agree on a number of theories as to what brought the end of the dinosaurs. The most popular theory is that an asteroid ended the reign of the dinosaurs. Another theory, massive climate change in the pre-historic atmosphere, caused all the dinosaurs to die.
Reptiles are vertebrate, or backboned animals constituting the class Reptilia and are characterized by a combination of features, none of which alone could separate all reptiles from all other animals.The characteristics of reptiles are numerous, therefore can not be explained in great detail in this report. In no special order, the characteristics of reptiles are: cold-bloodedness; the presence of lungs; direct development, without larval forms as in amphibians; a dry skin with scales but not feathers or hair; an amniote egg; internal fertilization; a three or four-chambered heart; two aortic arches (blood vessels) carrying blood from the heart to the body, unlike mammals and birds that only have one; a metanephric kidney; twelve pairs of cranial nerves; and skeletal features such as limbs with usually five clawed fingers or toes, at least two spinal bones associated with the pelvis, a single ball-and-socket connection at the head-neck joint instead of two, as in advanced amphibians and mammals, and an incomplete or complete partition along the roof of the mouth, separating the food and air passageways so that breathing can continue while food is being chewed. These and other traditional defining characteristics of reptiles have been subjected to considerable modification in recent times. The extinct flying reptiles, called pterosaurs or pterodactyls, are now thought to have been warm-blooded and covered with hair. Also, the dinosaurs are also now considered by many authorities to have been warm-blooded. The earliest known bird, archaeopteryx, is now regarded by many to have been a small dinosaur, despite its covering of feathers The extinct ancestors of the mammals, the therapsids, or mammallike reptiles, are also believed to have been warm-blooded and haired.