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Theories behind extinction of the dinosaur
Theories behind extinction of the dinosaur
Theories behind extinction of the dinosaur
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A number of different theories have been assessed throughout the course of this research to attempt to reach a conclusion as to the reason behind the extinction of the Tyrannosaurus Rex. Although all arguments are credible, and supportive with educated information and data, the most conclusive theory of all is The Alvarez Asteroid Impact theory.
Alvarez, a researcher at the University of California, discovered a pencil thin layer of Iridium around the rocks in Gubbio, Italy. (New Scientist, 1) Iridium is an element found in meteorites and asteroids. In 1980 it was proven that the layer if Iridium was evidence of a huge comet or meteorite that crashed into the earth sixty five million years ago. The normal amount of Iridium an area is to have is 0.001 on an average. The layer of Iridium found in Gubbio Italy was 0.003. Thirty times the average amount in parts per million. (New Scientist, 1) The theory of the Alvarez Asteroid states that the strength of this comet is at 10,000 times the explosive power of the global nuclear arsenal. The Alvarez Asteroid theory is the leading explanation as to why the amazing dinosaur creatures died millions of years ago, along with many other animals of the Earth's Crustaceous Period.
The extinction of the Tyrannosaurus Rex was obviously due to the same reason. Every other living species was killed sixty five million years ago. Although it is believed that the asteroid theory is the cause of extinction of the Crustaceous Period, we cannot be positive. The environmental effects of this problem were that the dinosaurs living during this period perished from the earth and their extinction remains a mystery to us to this day. All we can do to reenact what happened is use the technology we have in the twenty first century to find more evidence to see what went wrong so long ago. By discovering things like what happened to the Tyrannosaurus Rex we can use this information to prevent an event such as a mass extinction from happening a second time.
Although it is impossible to rewrite history, we still have to be careful to prevent a catastrophe like the asteroid said to have hit the earth sixty five million years ago. If there is ever a scare of an asteroid as big as the Alvarez Asteroid, one way of preventin...
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...d at least seven tons and were over forty feet long. The T-Rex was the largest meat-eating dinosaur. The teeth of the T-Rex are thick and sharp for the killing of its prey. The T-Rex was also very fast; in fact it could outrun any species of dinosaur if it was hungry enough. Scientists have also found that the Tyrannosaurus was also very smart, it would outwit any prey if it needed a snack, even the Gigantosaurus the only dinosaur that is bigger than the T-Rex wasn't smarter than the king. (Highlights, 22)
The Tyrannosaurus Rex was a very smart and interesting dinosaur and it is unfortunate that we will never be able to see one. The extinction of dinosaurs was brought on by the Alvarez Theory. It is great to know what actually happened to them now, and also know how to prevent such an occurrence from happening again. If our country uses the technology it has available it will be possible to find out more about the mass extinction of the Crustaceous Period. As the years pass technology becomes more advanced and we will eventually know everything there is to know about what happened sixty five million years ago.
The possibility if a meteor strike as the cause of extinctions is discarded, something that most specialists agree on. There is no evidence of any meteor crater big enough or recent enough to be accountable for it; there are no “elements that are common extraterrestrially but less so on Earth, such as iridium, and no sign of a tsunami or other phenomena following the impact.” The extinctions where also very selective and occurred over a very long period of time. If a “one shot” catastrophe had been the cause it would have affected all species at the same time and in similar
The disaster theory, Gould claims, is an example of good science. It has testable evidence and has an impact on studies in other fields of science, it develops further and explains why the extinction of dinosaurs occurred simultaneously with other events. This theory suggests that a large comet hit the Earth sixty five million years ago, causing the cloud of dust to rise into the sky and to block sunlight. As a result, world temperatures went down significantly, the ice age bega...
However, there are still many factors in the evidence collecting process that make it difficult to determine the actual events, let alone the sequence of them. For instance, at the end of the Permian, giant volcanic eruptions occurred in Siberia, spewing out some 2 million km3 of basalt lava, and covering 1.6 million km2 of eastern Russia to a depth of 400-3000mteres, equivalent to the area of the European Community. Consequently, with increasingly precise dating, the Siberian “Trap” (areas which are composed of basalt, a dark-colored igneous rock which is generally not erupted explosively from classic conical volcanoes, but usually emerges more slowly from the long fissures in the ground) have switched from having only a minor role in the Permian crisis to being the most probable cause of the whole catastrophe. Some scientists have even suggested recently that the massive flood basalts were actually themselves caused by a giant extraterrestrial impact, which tore deep into the continental crust of that part of present-day Siberia. So this is yet another example the evolutionary and
Scientists do not know for sure if the Argentinosaurus is the biggest dinosaur, but it is renowned for its size. Argentinosaurus was discovered next to the remains of the Gigantosaurus. The Argentinosaurus was one of the biggest herbivores. It was as long as three school buses end to end. It was also able to gain 100 pounds a day, making it able to gain a ton in only 22 short days.
What they did find was fluctuations in the model dating back 65 million years ago right when the asteroid supposedly hit. Even though it sounds like good solid evidence a lot of scientists are still not sold on the idea and need more convincing.
We use dinosaurs to represent the changes in nature that have occurred throughout time. Studies found that although the “oldest rock did not show evidence of life, the progression of plant and animal life that changed in recognizable intervals, from ancient life, age of reptiles to the age of mammals” (Dino Nature Metaphor, slide 6), measured the age of the earth. When we think of dinosaurs in relation to nature, we think of that very powerful force that controls the cycle of life. Nature was able to yield such magnificent ferocious creatures that walked the earth and then take them back when they served nature’s purpose. Dinosaurs fit perfectly in nature’s constant
...actly when the impact of the asteroid occurred, how much damage it truly did, and how long the period of atmospheric darkness lasted, I believe that there is enough positive data to persuade even the most skeptical audience. This recent discovery of the flourishing fungi during a period when larger plants died is just another stepping stone in solving the mystery of what truly happened to the dinosaurs for good. I believe this research is, overall, very credible and establishes a reliable theory of what exactly happened to the dinosaurs and what life was like during the period following their demise.
“...99.9 per cent of all [species] that have ever existed are now extinct.” (Benton 1) After one hundred and sixty million years of domination, the reign of the dinosaurs ended in fire and ice. Sixty five million years ago, the largest volcanoes in the history of the Earth erupted across what is now India, effectively annihilating the dinosaurs by spewing out noxious gas and ash, that effectively blocked out the sun killing off most vegetation and breaking the food chain, leaving the dinosaurs to starve. Compared to other groups of animals the dinosaurs were the most vulnerable to such a climatic event and the result was the end of the dinosaurs’ glorious evolutionary history.
Until recently, scientists believed the chances of finding a fossilized dinosaur heart were extremely slim. The heart belonged to a 66 million year old dinosaur found in Harding County in Northwestern South Dakota. The dinosaur, found in 1993, weighed over 650 pounds and was 13 feet long. The dinosaur was in fairly good condition with the exception of the left side of the skeleton. The small, plant-eating Thescelosaurus, nicknamed ‘Willo’ has been acquired by the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Thescelosaurus was an ornithischian, or "bird-hipped," dinosaur that lived in the latter stage of the Cretaceous period. This was approximately 1 million years before the end of the dinosaur era. Native to North America, its range extended from the northern United States up into Canada. Since using the 3-D software to reveal Willo's heart, scientists have also used it to create 3-D images of the fossil's skull, and of remains from other dinosaurs in the museum's collection. (Fisher, Paul)
Over time, other scientists began finding iridium evidence at many different locations around the world that supported the Alvarez theory. In 1991, an immense meteor crater, about 110 miles in diameter, was discovered on the the Yucatán Peninsula. The crater even extended to the Gulf of Mexico. The Chicxulub Crater, as it was called, was named after a nearby village. Scientists believe the meteor that formed this massive crater was around 6 miles in diameter. It is also believed that it struck the earth at 40,000 miles per hour and released 2 million times more energy than the most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated. This great impact would have caused so much heat that would have boiled the earth’s surface. The scorching temperatures would have caused wildfires throughout the globe and the Earth would turn into complete darkness because debris would have filled the sky. It is believed that mile-high tsunamis could have the momentum to cover the continents, which would drown multiple species of life. Massive shock waves would even have the power to trigger earthquakes and volcanic eruptions all over the planet.
There isn’t a way to test this hypothesis. As a result, this theory holds little water as true science, although it may hold some validity. The second theory of plant chemical overdosing is also speculation. This theory as well has an untestable hypothesis. The theory that dinosaur extinction was a result of a natural disaster is the definition of real science. It is testable and can be furthered. To test this theory, individuals measured levels of iridium in rocks at the time of the dinosaur’s extinction. Therefore, Iridium is a “the source of testable evidence”. Testable evidence is what separates science and speculation. The testing of iridium alerted many other scientists around the globe to test levels in the rocks at their locations. This fueled the hypothesis and made is well publicly known. The other two theories drifted away and are still not well known. Gould then proves how the theory that the extinction of dinosaurs occurred because of a natural disaster has led to other important findings. He proclaims that because of this theory the renowned scientist, Carl Sagan, studied the climate and nuclear warfare. Sagan found that a nuclear holocaust would instill the same dust cloud that caused the mass deaths of dinosaurs due to blocking the sun. This is also why the Cold War was so
The K-T Extinction is supported by 3 pieces of evidence. According to the EarthViewer app, the crater caused by the impact of the 10 km-diameter asteroid was identified in the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. This evidence proves the K-T extinction because there it is physical evidence that exists from the mass extinction event. Additionally, "Fossil Data by Era and Period" shows that during the Cretaceous period, there was evidence of a diversity of dinosaurs from the fossils. However, during the Tertiary period, there was no evidence of dinosaurs, seemingly nonexistent. This is another piece of evidence because the K-T extinction happened at the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period. The Tertiary period wouldn't
In the early 2000’s, Universal released the ending of the Jurassic Park trilogy, Jurassic Park III. The Tyrannosauruses rex, commonly known as T-rex, played the main antagonist in earlier movies, but was changed to the long, aggressive Spinosaurus for the final installment. This bipedal carrier of terror quickly killed the almighty T-rex and dominated the rest of the movie. Later in Jurassic World, Colin Trevorrow, the director, references
While this film may seem out of the ordinary, it is becoming more relatable as new creations are made. Looking back at this film in 2000 after it was released, this idea of bring back dinosaurs seemed outrageous. The film as several scenes that seem very unrealistic today, but when we consider the future, these ideas may not be as outrageous as we thought. TO being, there is a scene in the film where a man named Owen is bonded with a discourse. According to the Washington Post, “Our hero Owen (played by Chris Pratt) spends the first half of the movie serving up foreshadowing on a platter. People can’t control wild animals, he explains again and again. Even as an accomplished velociraptor-whisperer, he could have been torn to pieces by the dinos who found him unexpectedly trapped in their enclosure, setting off
seems like it happened so sudden, as geologic time goes, that almost all the dinosaurs