A similar case occurred with Amazon acting as the corporation in place of Apple. This case relates directly to the IoT realm. The Amazon Echo (named Alexa) is Amazon's personal voice assistant. Alexa (an IoT device) may hold a crucial piece of evidence in a court case in Arkansas. A man is accused of murdering his friend in his house, where Alexa may have recorded some of the sounds during the altercation. The prosecution wants to use audio recordings from the Amazon Echo owned by the suspect. However, since the audio data is not stored on the Alexa device, but in the cloud, the data is the property by Amazon (and not the suspect). Because of this, Amazon is the legal owner of the data, and they have refused to turn over the data. The Amazon …show more content…
Training mainly originates from two places; as part of a certification or accreditation, or as part of an institutional (government or school) program. Certifications are great ways to acquire and test new skills in the cyber world, beyond even the realm of digital forensics. Certifications exist for everything, from SQL server management to ethical hacking. While they are not a perfect solution in a void of knowledge, they prove that the owner of a certification has some level of knowledge and skills when it comes to that particular skill. These certifications try to test the user on certain topics of knowledge within its realm. For example, the EnCE is a certification from EnCase, a popular forensic software. The EnCE aims to ensure that its owners can proficiently use its software, EnCase, to perform digital forensic investigations. The certification itself does not come with training, but there are courses from multiple providers that offer to teach the skills necessary to pass the EnCE. As is the case with other certifications, the certification provider generally offers some training, as well as some third-party vendors. This model works well to prepare users for the test, and the equip the student with the skills required to apply these competencies in the workforce. This technique differs slightly from institutional training. University specialized programs are similar to certification programs, but they are formal classes offered by the university, instead of the certification provider. At the bachelor’s level, these classes are more wide-scope than certifications. Certifications show that its holder has mastered one particular skill or technique, while institutional classes are designed upon teaching general skills to the student with the ultimate goal of a degree. Masters degrees are
Other evidence located within the grave consisted of a generic watch, two cigarette butts, a button, a washer and a shell casing. All of these could be analysed for finger prints and DNA. The cigarette butts would also show a serial number indicating the brand (shown in Figure 3), which can be useful if it is found a victim or offender smokes a particular type of cigarette.
CBS’s CSI: Crime Scene Investigation exploded into popularity when it aired in 2000, opening doors for the creation of other similar criminal investigative television shows involving forensic evidence such as Cold Case, Criminal Minds, and Bones. Many of these CSI-type shows present a murder or crime solved within an hour-long episode using forensic evidence conceived by glamorized CSI personnel and sometimes fabricated methodologies and technologies that only exist on television. Despite just being shows, one wonders whether these popular shows have skewered public perceptions about forensic evidence in real court cases and have impacted the outcome of court verdicts. The CSI Effect, explained by Kim, et all, was named after the television show
From a trial strategy point of view, you always start with the piece(s) of evidence you believe are most damaging to the client's case and work backwards looking for an exploitable flaw in the search and seizure procedure that would make that or those item(s) inadmissible. The further back in the series of events you can argue a fatal flaw, the more likely that the evidence and any additional materials which flowed from that particular item of evidence will be excluded. This is the practical analysis of all the times we see or hear of law enforcement arguing that there was some technical item which drew their attention and suspicion and justifies their hunch that criminal activity is afoot.
Forensics investigations that require the analyzation and processing of digital evidence can be influenced both positively and negatively by a number of outside sources. In this paper, we will explore how physical security plays a role in forensics investigations activities. We will start by examining how physical and environmental security might impact the forensics investigation process. Next, we will discuss the role that physical and logical security zones play in supporting effective forensics activities. We will illustrate how centralized and decentralized physical and environmental security affects the forensics professional’s approach toward the investigation. Lastly, we will evaluate some potential areas of risk related to the physical security of our case study organization, Widget Factory, identified in Attachment 1.
At every crime scene there is evidence and evidence is the vital part of crime scene investigation. From the time an officer arrives on the scene until a conviction of the perpetrator evidence is the key element in determining the guilt or innocence of those accused. A poorly conducted crime scene investigation can sometimes either destroy evidence or render it useless. The possibility of tainted evidence, miss-handled evidence, or lack of evidence, the guilty can go free or the wrongful convicted. When someone is convicted or acquitted wrongly it has an adverse effect on the entire criminal justice system.
Every day, hundreds of law enforcement officers go out to investigate crimes, whether it is a robbery, a car accident, a suicide, or even a homicide. But has civilization ever stopped to wonder who those behind – the - scene guys are that put all the pieces of evidence together but do not really receive credit for it or the amount of training that goes into becoming a forensic scientist? How about if the forensic science strategies depicted on TV is actually true. Society can give credit to the thousands of forensic scientists who spend their days deciphering evidence ,which is not as dazzling and fantastic as TV plays it out to be. In fact, most of the things portrayed on TV are actually false. Although the forensic science strategies used in the TV shows seem amazing, they are not representative of the real profession and people should realize there is a huge difference between fiction and the real work done. This research paper debates the technology of forensic science, the training involved, the careers that are associated with the field and also how this topic is presented in film.
The criminal justice system has changed a lot since the good old days of the Wild West when pretty much anything was legal. Criminals were dealt with in any fashion the law enforcement saw fit. The science of catching criminals has evolved since these days. We are better at catching criminals than ever and we owe this advancement to forensic science. The development of forensic science has given us the important techniques of fingerprinting and DNA analysis. We can use these techniques to catch criminals, prove people's innocence, and keep track of inmates after they have been paroled. There are many different ways of solving crimes using forensic evidence. One of these ways is using blood spatter analysis; this is where the distribution and pattern of bloodstains is studied to find the nature of the event that caused the blood spatter. Many things go into the determination of the cause including: the effects of various types of physical forces on blood, the interaction between blood and the surfaces on which it falls, the location of the person shedding the blood, the location and actions of the assailant, and the movement of them both during the incident. Another common type of forensic evidence is trace evidence. This is commonly recovered from any number of items at a crime scene. These items can include carpet fibers, clothing fibers, or hair found in or around the crime scene. Hairs recovered from crime scenes can be used as an important source of DNA. Examination of material recovered from a victim's or suspect's clothing can allow association to be made between the victim and other people, places, or things involved in the investigation. DNA analysis is the most important part of forensic science. DNA evidence can come in many forms at the crime scene. Some of these forms include hair; bodily fluids recovered at the crime scene or on the victim's body, skin under the victim's fingernails, blood, and many others. This DNA can be the basis of someone's guilt or innocence; it has decided many cases in the twentieth century. As the times continue to change and the criminals get smarter we will always need to find new ways to catch them. Forensic science is the most advanced method yet, but is only the beginning. As the field of science grows so will the abilities of the
Law enforcement like much of the economy and society has had to adapt to the rapidly changing Atmosphere of the technological advances. To counter these advances, education has served in the forefront to combating the technological sophistication that is rapidly sweeping the workforce. The need and desire to remain competitive with the technology that we have is a need that can be satisfied with more education. Much like technology, education has benefits elsewhere in the equation of remaining competitive. Education on the higher tiered level provides a professionalism to accompany by the demands placed on students during their scholastic years of study. Activities required by many professors in the higher education realm provide skills needed to polish the individual for his or her place in society. Is this now so hard to conceive that law enforcement may also have to do the same? Over the past three decades the demands that law enforcement have encountered have greatly increased as the changing times and technologically stimulated problems have come into light. Higher Education plays a large part in the professionalization and advancement of police into the modern context of what is needed and expected of police.
The San Bernardino vs Government case has been in the news for the last months since the terrorist attack last December. It has reminded the world the importance of encryption which is essential for our lives and privacy in this new era of technology. After the attack, the FBI asked Apple for help to access an iphone that belonged to Syed Rizwan Farook one of the perpetrators of the attack, Because the FBI could not access it due to the modern encryption and security features new iphones have. Apple was not completely oppose to help the FBI. The company helped with everything could without violating the privacy of its customers. Apple gave access to the backup data stored in iCloud from Farook’s iphone, but the data obtained was six weeks prior to attack. The FBI still needed more private information from the iphone such as, texts, phone calls and GPS locations after the attack. Apple is now being forced by the federal court to create a software to bypass the security features of the iphone to completely access its data. Apple is refusing to create this software because the company says this would put in danger the privacy of every Apple customer. The company says that once they create this backdoor to the iphone, they cannot guarantee to keep it safe. Because once created it can be modified to open infinite amount of iphones and access their data. Many people are concern about this issue and most experts agree that if the program is created more security issues will arise, not only within individuals, but national and possibly international security issues since technology is now all over the word.
Besides the classic medical drama, some of the most popular and most watched shows from week-to-week depict the criminal investigation process. Some of these shows revolve around the courtroom. As viewers, we are able to hear about the crime and watch lawyers argue a case. Other shows take us inside the police station to see how law enforcement operate and solve cases. However, the general public’s interest in crime solving seemed to begin when a certain show came around that took us into the forensic lab and explained the intricacies of evidence, from fibers to DNA. From the first explanation of how evidence can make or break a case, the world was hooked. The world was so enthralled with crime investigation that our court system would soon
This training helps students to gain specialty
The higher management in cyber security usually have a master’s degree in their major or education equivalent to it. Lastly, some people do continue their education further by obtaining a PHD in their field of study. These people are usually the people that are either professors, head of research and development for technological companies, or are leaders in the field. However, just because a person has a higher degree of education does not mean that they will get a job easier. This is usually because there is more competition in that part of the field. It could also be that they are over qualified for that job and the company could pay someone less that has a lesser degree, but they still do the same
Criminals’ today have higher levels of computer skills to prevent computer forensics experts to retrieve the evidence.
We do have known what forensics is. Forensics that we know is an application of various sciences to answer questions that are important to legal system in which it may be related to a crime. Forensics generallu covering something or methods of a scientific nature and also the rules established from the facts of the event, to do an introduction to physical evidence. This is just a usual forensics. Nowadays, forensics is not just like that, digital devices are everywhere today, helping people to communicate with other people globally, not just between town. We can use that to do some forensics thing too, and find the evidence. It is called Digital Forensics.
Education and training are two modes of learning and the phrases often appear interchangeable. Discerning the two is a matter of semantics for some, and for others, it’s a basic necessity (Loop, n.d.). The Oxford English Dictionary states training is “teaching a particular skill or type of behavior through regular practice and instruction” while education is described as “the process of educating or being educated, the theory and practice of teaching” (Gibbs, T., Brigden D., & Hellenber, D.,2004, pg. 5). Both training and education share the fact that both take place in both formal settings and informal ones. A formal setting for education is a school, while that for training is usually done in trade schools, seminars, and/or organization’s training classes. Informal setting of both is when people take up these processes away from curriculums and use/find materials through the internet, DVDs, videos, and/or libraries to self-acquire knowledge and skills (Kumar, 2011; Loop, n.d.). Accurate comparison and contrast of the terms education and training is done by clarifying their purpose, history, and methodology (Kumar, 2011). Table 1 summarizes the differences between education and training (Fortino, 2014).