This chapter aims to place the field of digital forensics as a science within the broader spectrum of disciplines. A few definitions of digital forensics are given. These definitions are critically discussed in addition to comments found in the literature. The main elements are identified from which digital forensics is defined for the purposes of this dissertation.
Digital forensic investigation as used in this dissertation is discussed by investigating definitions found in the literature. Forensic science is brief introduced, followed by some reaction on its definition and historic origin in Section 2.2. Section 2.3 places forensic science as a discipline among other sciences, where after the term digital forensics as defined in the literature
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At first glance, this seems to be a copy of Palmer, but there are a few important differences. First, Willassen replaces use with practice. Secondly, not only the method is important, but also tools used to produce evidence. Thirdly, the criminal element is removed from the definition, which broadens the scope of application to include digital forensics as a means for finding originating causes in other types of investigations. Lastly, the root cause is not included. Certain investigations will not have a specific root cause.
Willassen states that the investigation will be after the fact, or post incident [117]. A striking similarity with Palmer is that the process can be used to aid in providing evidence, make a possible reconstruction of events; and help in preventing future similar incidence [80].
From the definitions listed earlier and the discussion above the common elements identified in a digital forensics definition
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The legal foundation is not the focus of this dissertation, but is seen as the departure point in various methodologies [74].
2.6 Digital Forensic Investigations
Digital investigations, digital forensic investigations, forensic examination and forensic investigations have been used to describe an investigation where a digital device forms part of the incident. For the purposes of this dissertation the term digital forensic investigation (DFI) is used. The terms will however be used interchangeably in this section to accurately reect various author opinions. The successful outcome of a DFI is the presentation of digital evidence (to be discussed in Chapter 3). A DFI is conducted by an appropriately qualified investigator
The book gives a general overview of the field of forensic science. The sections of the book include “The Scene of the Crime; Working the Scene--The Evidence; Working the Scene of the Body Human; Working the Scene--Different Stages; and Working the Scene--Different Skills (Genge vii-viii). Included are instructions on what professionals should do upon arriving at a crime scene, what items to bring with them, how to protect the crime scene, and how to protect the evidence from contamination. In addition to writing about the subject of forensic science, the author also included several appendixes and suggested readings to help the reader learn even more information about the subject. In addition, the author included a list of colleges that offer programs in the field of forensic science.
Forensics investigations that require the analyzation and processing of digital evidence can be influenced both positively and negatively by a number of outside sources. In this paper, we will explore how physical security plays a role in forensics investigations activities. We will start by examining how physical and environmental security might impact the forensics investigation process. Next, we will discuss the role that physical and logical security zones play in supporting effective forensics activities. We will illustrate how centralized and decentralized physical and environmental security affects the forensics professional’s approach toward the investigation. Lastly, we will evaluate some potential areas of risk related to the physical security of our case study organization, Widget Factory, identified in Attachment 1.
Forensic science has paved the way to a new world of technological advancements in solving crime, through DNA analysis, new technology such as M-Vac, improving systems such as CODIS and other investigative methods. As forensic science technology advances, the chance of an individual being able to commit a crime and walk away free without leaving any trace of evidence will lessen. While forensic science has its limitations, it can be the only way to provide an accurate account of what actually occurred at some crime scenes.
The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types and uses the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or known samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigators use it to solve cases and convict criminals. Trace evidence was first discovered by Edmond Locard. Edmond Locard was born in 1877, and founded the Lyon’s Institute of Criminalistics.
Investigators must ensure the integrity of all evidence collected, analyzed, processed and presented to a courtroom and jury. The reason that this is important is because the improper collection and analysis of evidence can lead to compromised data and potential damage to a prosecution. The seizure and analysis of digital evidence can be particularly challenging but is just as critical to a case as physical evidence. There are specific procedures that must be met to ensure the successful collection and analysis of digital media and guidelines or best practices for collection of all evidence, both physical and digital that must be followed. Conducting the proper steps in an investigation regarding the collection and processing of evidence and the proper chain of custody requirements can ensure a successful outcome in solving a case and a successful prosecution.
“Advance in Forensics Provide Creative Tools for Solving Crimes.” www.ctcase.org. Np. n.d. Web. 17 March 2014.
In modern period, the crime laboratory has become so popular in crime investigation that widely depends upon the circumstances of crime, types of crime, social nature, size of community, available facilities and funding, and so on. In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section,...
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
The transitional growth in the forensic science sector has not been without challenges. Though the world has experienced increased capabilities and scientific knowledge, which has led to faster investigations and results, many forensic experts have argued that forensic laboratory testing, in the light of 21st century technological advancements, is yet to meet the expected rate in quick available testing and analysis (Mennell & Shaw, 2006). This is with respect to the growing rate of crime and the high demand of quick crime scene testing and analysis. In the science of crime scene, analysis and interpretation of evidence is majorly dependent on forensic science, highlighting the change in the role of forensic sciences (Tjin-A-Tsoi, 2013). In the business of forensic science, time is beginning to play important role in the evidence testing and analysis which is becoming crucial in reducing ...
The use of computers in homes, schools, offices, and other places has increased in the past few years due to technological developments. As computers have become important components of modern communication, their increased use has also led to the emergence of computer crimes. Computer crimes basically involve the use of a computer system to carry out an illegal activity. In attempts to lessen the frequency and impact of computer crimes, law enforcement agencies use computer forensic to investigate these offenses. Actually, computer crimes are governed by specific laws and dealt with through conducting a computer forensic investigation (Easttom & Taylor, 2011, p.337). Notably, a computer forensic investigation is usually carried out through the use of computer forensic tools, which help in collection of evidence based on the specific offense.
Criminals’ today have higher levels of computer skills to prevent computer forensics experts to retrieve the evidence.
We do have known what forensics is. Forensics that we know is an application of various sciences to answer questions that are important to legal system in which it may be related to a crime. Forensics generallu covering something or methods of a scientific nature and also the rules established from the facts of the event, to do an introduction to physical evidence. This is just a usual forensics. Nowadays, forensics is not just like that, digital devices are everywhere today, helping people to communicate with other people globally, not just between town. We can use that to do some forensics thing too, and find the evidence. It is called Digital Forensics.
Digital Evidence is electronic data, materials, objects, property, documents, or records that are presented in court to prove or disprove allegations made against an arrestee. It takes the form of electronic data or information stored in bits and bytes on magnetic media. The examples of devices that can contain digital evidence include; cellular phones or similar all in one devices, pagers, digital voice recorders.
In a day and age where technology is the best known way to spread information that would otherwise be kept on the down low, a computer becomes a quiet man's public mind. When police go to search a suspect’s home to find what might have caused them to take a gun into an elementary school and kill innocent children and people, the seizure of a computer can become the biggest insight to investigators as to what leads to such an event. Computer forensics is defined as “the discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is admissible as evidence in a court of law” (US-CERT, “Forensics”). Computer forensics is a
The Forensic Skilled can be an specialist upon finding dropped invisible or even erased information onany a digital gadget. These kind of professionals works extremely well by the government, inside legislation enforcement or even inside non-public UTILIZE. This kind of forensics is normally the multiform tactic that also includes several complex activities. The original partin the tactic involves investigation of computer system method datato uncover evidence of felony things to do. Typically the next aspect involvesanalyzing and even dealing with the