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Rousseau's state of nature
Rousseau state of nature summary
State of nature as discussed by rousseau
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Benjamin Taft
Political Science 221
11/29/2017
Essay on Rousseau and Mean Girls In the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Rousseau demonstrates that in the state of nature, man was free and equal. According to Rousseau, man’s problems started from the evil in the society that has caused inequality. During the state of nature, man was similar to an animal with no knowledge of material things, status, and money. In part two, Rousseau states, “Man’s first sentiment was that of his own existence; his first concern was that of his preservation . . . devoid of any sentiment of the heart, produced a purely animal act” (Rousseau, 851). The reliance on natural instinct during the primitive time made people equal. Mean Girls is a 2004 movie
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Man no longer lives and fights to survive but enjoys luxuries. In the Mean Girls movie, the comparison between the students and domination of others by the alphas depict Rousseau’s idea. The alphas consisting of Regina George, Karen Smith, Gretchen Wieners, Aaron Samuels and Cady Heron (joins later) dominate the underdogs including Janis Ian, Damian, Ms. Norbury, and the Asians. As Rousseau stated, comparison gives dominance and happiness, the alphas have a better life and are enjoying themselves more than the others. They also derive pleasure from dominating the others and treating them with contempt. Rousseau considers the invention of property as the beginning of equality, and that property offers a platform for the rich to exploit the poor. Rousseau believes that conflict and despotism would occur as wealth becomes a rule for comparison. The idea of wealth as a comparison factor is evident in Mean Girls movie with Regina representing the upper class as she is rich, famous, and beautiful. Her social status gives her the title of a leader of the “plastics,” and she makes the rules including deciding what to wear and doesn’t take orders from anyone (Mean Girls). Wealth differentiates Gretchen and Regina, and because of her lower social status, she cannot be the leader of the plastics. She has to accept her position yet she despises Regina, thus depicting the role of wealth as a comparison factor in the movie highlighting Rousseau’s idea of wealth as the basis for comparison. Wealth as a differentiator is also evident in Cady, who comes from the middle-class but her exciting experience makes her accepted in the plastics but becomes obsessed with richness and fame that it intoxicates her. The changing status also shows inequality evidenced by wealth as outlined by Rousseau. Wealth status also creates classes among the other students
An anonymous person once said “The most miserable people are those who care only about themselves, understand only their own troubles and see only their own perspective.” In other words if someone is selfish and does not care about other people’s feelings is someone who is usually miserable in their lives, if all they see is themselves and views only their side they are blinded by their character and personality. In the play Othello by Shakespeare the villain Iago suffers from wanting more power which drives him to destruct other people’s lives along with his own. In the movie Mean Girls by Mark Waters Cady Heron suffers from wanting to fit in and be apart of something which makes herself the villain in many parts. Cady Heron and Iago’s character
The film Mean Girls is about a young girl, Cady Heron, born and raised in Africa by her zoologist parents, who were also her homeschool teachers for sixteen years. When Cady moves to the United States, she enrolls in a public school for the first time. Here she realizes that high school students have the same hierarchy as the animals she observed in Africa. The lowest ranking group in this high school hierarchy is the outcasts, who also happen to be Cady’s first friends in the U.S. The highest on the high school food chain are the “plastics”. The “plastics”, are the most popular girls in school. The plastic’s notice Cady’s charming personality and stunning good looks and invite her to join their clique. In order to avenge her first friends,
As the student develops his essay, Sammy begins to compare the girls to other customers in the store. From “houseslaves in pin curlers” to “an old party in baggy gray pants” (2192 ), Sammy negatively characterizes customers in contrast to the leader of the girls, Queenie. To Sammy, the girl is someone that is not from their town. She is everything that every girl envies and wants to be. In contrast to Sammy, she will spend her summer vacationing while he spends it working. It is clear to Sammy that their worlds are different, however it is also obvious that he would like to explore hers.
"Cold, shiny, hard, PLASTIC," said by Janice referring to a group of girls in the movie Mean Girls. Mean Girls is about an innocent, home-schooled girl, Cady who moves from Africa to the United States. Cady thinks she knows all about survival of the fittest. But the law of the jungle takes on a whole new meaning when she enters public high school and encounters psychological warfare and unwritten social rules that teen girls deal with today. Cady goes from a great friend of two "outcasts", Janice and Damien to a superficial friend of the "plastics", a group of girls that talks about everyone behind their back and thinks everyone loves them. Adolescent egocentrism and relationships with peers are obviously present throughout the film. I also noticed self worth in relationships, parenting styles, and juvenile delinquency throughout Mean Girls.
One of her argument is that people like to wear jeans and sweatshirt no matter the social class. But it does not mean the social class is disappeared. The price of a simple pair of jean can be low as few dollar from the thrift store up to thousands in boutique shop. Good and services are two good measurements for social station. The richest people is spending their money on personal services or exclusive experiences and isolating themselves from the masses. According to the poll by The New York Times, about 81 percent of Americans said they had felt social pressure to but high priced goods (Steinhauer). Professor Juliet B. Schor at Boston College suggests that “ the actual social competition used to played out largely at the neighbors level, among people in roughly the same class” (Steinhauer), but people have become increasingly isolated from their neighbors in the past 30 years. Magazines and televisions filled with advertisements and celebrities has become the new level of desire across all classes. Similar to the case from the film, Lillian is affected by her boss’s wife/friend Helen. The film represents marital and familial institutions. Lillian looks up to Helen’s high standard of life, which made her suffer in the
The movie main character is Cady Heron who is a homeschooled girl. Her and her family lived in Africa for 15 years. They return back to the states and place Cady into a public school for the first time. Cady meets her classmates and finds a few good friends the introduce her to a group of girls called the Plastics. She ends up joining the plastics with the motive of bring them down because her new friend don’t like them very much and thought it would be funny. However, she eventually gets assimilated into the group of three unkind girls and starts to be just like them.
Natural selection gave man the necessity of adapting in order to sustain life. As stated before, Rousseau’s natural man has no intention of harming his environment, except for cases in which he must do so in order to survive. Natural man may have originally begun in the most primitive of states as an herbivore, but was unable to stay put in a state of nature that is always changing.
Gender has played specific roles in societies all over the place. Men are usually seen as the dominant gender and therefore appear to be more important to society but women still have an important role. It was not that long ago that women did not have many rights or play an important role at all. In America, laws were put in place to make men and women equal and today many women have filled jobs thought of as a man’s job but there is still a common thought of women being less important in society than men. Before deciding if a woman’s role in society is complimentary or not, the role of all humans must be examined. A woman could appear to have a terrible role but maybe that’s because everybody has a terrible role in that type of society. Same
According to Rousseau, in the state of nature, man resembles the image of a savage. The human animal does not have a language or self awareness. Man simply dispersed among the beasts by imitating and
To this day, men of the bourgeois class are coddled and prized, whereas we women [...] have learned to settle for less - to accept that we are either decorative, invisible, or one-dimensional (Hagedorn 403).
The former, a product of the human empathy and responsible for the preference of seeing no harm come to other living creatures so long at the latter is maintained. Together these maxims form the basis of the savage man’s natural state and, by extension, his tenancy of gentleness towards his fellow man (121). The civilised man, in contrast, comes to be as a result of “perfectibility”. Perfectibility, according to Rousseau is an innate human attribute to want to learn and better oneself, particularly to overcome obstacles in one’s environment. Rousseau’s description of perfectibility implies that the conditions of one’s environment have a direct influence over their character and that one can therefore deduce that regardless of man’s natural gentleness, he can develop the capacity to be cruel if so prompted by elements in his environment. Such a prompt comes as man looks to collaborate with others out of mutual self-interest. Rousseau notes that, “their connections become more intimate and extensive … there arose on one side vanity and contempt, on the other envy and shame … Men no sooner began to set a value upon each other, and know what esteem was, than each laid claim to it … It
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx both had the similar notion that property was the root of inequality, even though they both lived in different eras. Rousseau, who lived during the 18th century, was a staunch proponent of the idea that property gave rise to inequality, due to its unequal distribution. Similarly, Marx, who lived during the 19th century, contended that property gave rise to inequality because it created a class conflict between that of the upper class bourgeoisie, and the working class proletariat. However, for Rousseau, there was an underlying force that gave rise to property and that was amour propre. In simplest terms, amour propre is the vanity and self-love that leads one to seek personal gain, even if it may be at the expense of others (Rousseau 63). Rousseau argued that amour propre and private property were the sources of inequality because they drove man away from his natural state where he was equal amongst others.
Today in our society we are expected to present ourselves in a certain way, so, when a person goes against the average society tends to notice. We are expected to put on a costume and act different when in front of the audience, but when were alone we can act ourselves. Over time this theory shown to be accurate. In this generation boys are meant to act a certain way, as are girls. Although some people choose to act different as opposed to how they’re “supposed to act”. Men and women have been the same for decades, although many things have changed, there are still things that are the same and will remain the same. In the essay “Unfair Games” the author explains some encounters with men that would approach her in public and hit
Mean Girls is a comedy film aired in 2004 this film captures the influences on lifespan development during adolescence. The main character Cady Heron was home schooled in Africa and now she must transition into high school where she is tested in different areas of her development. Throughout the film she becomes known as the new girl who is trying to figure out her self-identity. Cady integrates herself into a clique of girls known as the Plastics, soon enough Cady understands why they are known for their name. The Plastics run the school by the norms they have created and must always be followed otherwise it will lead into exclusion from the group. In order to be socially accepted social norms determining attitude, behavior, and status must
In The Social Contract philosophers John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau discuss their differences on human beings’ place of freedom in political societies. Locke’s theory is when human beings enter society we tend to give up our natural freedom, whereas Rousseau believes we gain civil freedom when entering society. Even in modern times we must give up our natural freedom in order to enforce protection from those who are immoral and unjust.