Distinctions between refrigeration and ventilation.
Ventilation is a process of conducting an adequate flow of pure, fresh air along airways, working places and severe points underground, ventilation broadly focuses on providing fresh adequate air to the workings. Its main aims is to also displace and dilute the concentration of toxic gases and of airborne dust do acceptable levels for workers underground, it is efficient up to certain levels ( 600m -800m) beyond this we have to implement other cooling strategies. Refrigeration is defined as the process of removing heat from an enclosed space or from a substance for the purpose of lowering the temperature. Refrigeration focuses on bringing down the temperature to acceptable levels that are
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The biggest problem is encountered when shafts get deeper due to geothermal gradient, which says the deeper you go, the higher the temperatures, ventilation becomes less effective at depths of about 600-800m, ventilation is limited by auto-compression and surface ambient temperatures which are typical of ultra-deep operations or deep level mines. At greater depths to be able to maintain production rates and also to have our workers working in a suitable area we need to come with methods of cooling the air at deeper levels, this is where refrigeration comes in, there have been several developments on the refrigeration systems …show more content…
These are put in place to regulate the ventilation of air whenever the air temperature goes above acceptable limits. This is implemented to ensure that the temperatures in the haulages where people will be travelling to reach their working face are brought down to bearable levels that are comfortable with the physical and mental condition of people. This has improved positional efficiencies compared to the surface bulk air cooler.
• Cross cut coolers
These act as a supplement for the above cooling systems in that they were developed to have better positional efficiencies compared to the above mentioned. The cross cut coolers ensure that the air entering the working place are brought down to acceptable levels, this is achieved in the following way; the air is passed through the cooler by use of a small fan, the air is then cooled and delivered to the face.
• Fridge shaft cooler
The Making of a Hardrock Miner written by Stephen M. Voynick, describes his own personal experiences as a hardrock miner in four different underground mines in the western United States, the Climax molybdenum mine in Colorado, Hecla Lakeshore Project a copper mine in Arizona, and two uranium mines in Wyoming. Rather than a book telling of the fortunes gained and lost, this book was about the relationships gained, but then also lost through mining. Stephen M. Voynick’s direct words and simple writing style provided a book that was an easy read and educational about mine work and safety.
This has increased efficiency and consistency as well as made it possible to apply some of the business strategies like just in time to solve the manufacturing process issues.
IT helps manager to reduce inventory and human resource requirement to a competitive level in market.
...pinion, which means that the people aren’t to happy with a lot of smoke flowing all over their neighborhood, but it is something that they have to deal with or the fire will spread and cause more damage. Another disadvantage of ventilation is that it costs to much for the training process for firefighters, but it is a good technic. Also, another disadvantage is that there can be a serious case of water damage do to the firefighters spraying water through the ventilated spots. Other disadvantages are that when performing a cut for vertical ventilation, it could cause some weird fire movement towards flammable substances and can be extremely dangerous to a firefighter.
Indeed, the designer and engineers succeeded in their mention by having verity of solutions. One of the main methods is to keep the subway as close to the surface of the street as possible. This technique serve many aspects like the three objectives mentioned above. First, it decreases the distant needed to reach the subway train and then exit to streets; therefore, its handy attract the public to use this transportation. Additionally, time saving is important to the passengers, and the shorter the distance, the faster the serves. Finally, the ventilation circulation can be direct from the outdoor air though grilles in the sidewalk above without use of ducting or fans which decreases the financial budget. On the other hand, the usage of passive ventilation inside the subway cause air pollution. Since the steam and reek flow to the streets via the vents, the city get extra toxic waste that thrusts not only the passengers’ health care, but also the Pedestrians in the sidewalk, people inside the cars, and everyone uses the air conditioner (AC) inside the buildings will defiantly be affected negatively. Also, the risk of flooding, earthquakes, and other natural damages. The underground system had a threat to sink in flood water.
"5 Things to Know About a Geothermal Heat Pump." The Family Handyman. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 May 2014
Refrigeration Refrigeration is defined as “The process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, to lower its pressure.” (First website given in bibliography) In simpler terms, it is removing heat from states of matter in order to keep them cooler. The basic need for refrigeration is to cool food and beverages, as they often get spoilt if the temperature is high. Before actual refrigerators and other such mechanical systems were introduced, it was very common for people to cool their food with ice and snow.
Exhaust: Converging afterburning jet pipe, variable area divergent secondary nozzle, with 3 bearing swivel arrangement.
Possible effects and some examples are pain in stomach, heat stroke, asthma or other allergy symptoms. So this technology is really useful for keeping our homes clean and healthy. The dehumidifier has an incredible design which solves the main issue really well; most dehumidifiers have a fan compressor, reheater, compressing cooler coils, and a reservoir. And here are how these components are broken down into three individual steps to work together and solve the issue. Firstly, a fan from a dehumidifier collects and drags air (with large amounts of moisture) into the machine. Then, as the air is being brought through, it approaches a section of the dehumidifier called the cooled coils. These coils are designed to perform the process of condensation to drag moisture away from the air that is passing through. The moisture would remain on the coils and eventually drip into the dehumidifier reservoir. Finally, the air inside the machine would be reheated and exhausted back to the room.
The factors for exponential growth for air-conditioning are the HVAC Market, energy, environment, communication, societal, political, preparing for the future, looking ahead, and the conclusion. Buildings of the U.S. use approximately 35% of the nation’s precise total of energy consumption. The worth of shipments by U.S. HVAC manufacturers was over $28 billion of 1996. Since there are 52,000 CHC chillers needed to be replaced among the U.S., there’s a large opportunity for new chillers, new technology for the HVAC industry. The ozone depletion is an international issue in which is currently being resolved. The 3rd world countries are still allowed to manufacture CFC’s. Illegal imports of CFC’S to the U.S. is a consistent concern. Many illegal imports are virgin CFC’s. Those whom have a political overtones are specifically the ones whom create a protectionism of local commerce, having a negative impact on those inside and out of the country.
furnaces. By letting all these gases release into the air, it makes it harder to breathe.
Life changed immensely in the 20th century as air conditioning and refrigeration systems became more efficient and controllable. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration play important roles in providing human comfort, food processing, storage, and many other industrial processes. We chose this topic because our life would be difficult without AC and Refrigeration. This paper will talk about the history of air conditioning and refrigeration, the role of engineers in designing and building it, people’s life before and after air conditioning and refrigeration, and finally Applications in the area of achievements and future developments.
All TB isolation rooms must have a lower air pressure when compared to the outside corridors. This ensures that air enters the isolation room from hallways and adjacent areas and leaves only via planned outside exhausts… Vertical displacement ventilation can also be u...
to keep on cooling it down by turning off the power. Therefore 2 and 4
In thermodynamics Refrigeration is the major application area, in which the heat is transferred from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region. The devices which produce refrigeration are known as Refrigerators and the cycle on which it operates are called refrigeration cycles. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is the most regularly used refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is alternately vaporized and condensed and in the vapor phase it is compressed. Gas refrigeration cycle is the well-known refrigeration cycle in which cycle refrigerant remains in the gaseous phase throughout the cycle. Cascade refrigeration are the other refrigeration cycles discussed in this chapter; absorption refrigeration is the one more refrigeration cycle which is used where the refrigerant is dissolved in liquid before it is compressed. One more refrigeration in which refrigeration is produced by passing the electric current through two dissimilar materials is called as the thermoelectric refrigeration.