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Difference between qualitative and quantitative research
Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative methods of research
Difference between qualitative and quantitative research
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El objetivo de cualquier ciencia es adquirir conocimientos y la elección del método adecuado que nos permita conocer la realidad es por tanto fundamental1. El problema surge al aceptar como ciertos los conocimientos erróneos o viceversa. Los métodos inductivos y deductivos tienen objetivos diferentes y podrían ser resumidos como desarrollo de la teoría y análisis de la teoría respectivamente. Los métodos inductivos están generalmente asociados con la investigación cualitativa mientras que el método deductivo está asociado frecuentemente con la investigación cuantitativa.
Los científicos sociales en salud que utilizan abordajes cualitativos enfrentan en la actualidad problemas epistemológicos y metodológicos que tienen que ver con el poder y la ética en la generación de datos así como con la validez externa de los mismos2.
La investigación cuantitativa es aquella en la que se recogen y analizan datos cuantitativos sobre variables. La investigación cualitativa evita la cuantificación. Los investigadores cualitativos hacen registros narrativos de los fenómenos que son estudiados mediante técnicas como la observación participante y las entrevistas no estructuradas3. La diferencia fundamental entre ambas metodologías es que la cuantitativa estudia la asociación o relación entre variables cuantificadas y la cualitativa lo hace en contextos estructurales y situacionales4. La investigación cualitativa trata de identificar la naturaleza profunda de las realidades, su sistema de relaciones, su estructura dinámica. La investigación cuantitativa trata de determinar la fuerza de asociación o correlación entre variables, la generalización y objetivación de los resultados a través de una muestra para hacer inferencia a una población de la cual toda muestra procede. Tras el estudio de la asociación o correlación pretende, a su vez, hacer inferencia causal que explique por qué las cosas suceden o no de una forma determinada.
Las diferencias más ostensibles entre ambas metodologías se muestran en la tabla 1 5-6. Los fundamentos de la metodología cuantitativa podemos encontrarlos en el positivismo que surge en el primer tercio del siglo XIX como una reacción ante el empirismo que se dedicaba a recoger datos sin introducir los conocimientos más allá del campo de la observación. Alguno de los científicos de esta época dedicados a temas relacionados con las ciencias de la salud son Pasteur y Claude Bernard, siendo este último el que propuso la experimentación en medicina1. A principios del siglo XX, surge el neopositivismo o positivismo lógico siendo una de las aportaciones más importantes la inducción probabilística.
Modern scientific trends developed from philosophies of the past, they are part of the philosophical path that a philosopher must walk when undergoing self-reflection. They are a presentation of modern-day prejudices, which the philosopher must seek to understand and overcome
La teoría del aprendizaje entiende que la personalidad está determinada por las experiencias externas, por el ambiente, mientras las otras tres escuelas del pensamiento la ven como formada en nuestro interior, surgiendo de necesidades, impulsos y características innatas.
Taking Two Of The Theoretical Approaches To Social Research Discussed In The Module, Demonstrate The Connections Between Their Ontological, Epistemological And Methodological Assumptions. Which Method Or Methods Would Proponents Of Each Theory Favour As A Result Of Their Assumptions.
The preliminary to fruitful discussion of social matters is that certain obstacles shall be overcome, obstacles residing in our present conceptions of the method of social inquiry. One of the obstructions in the path is the seemingl...
Longino defines her account of scientific knowledge relative to positivist and wholist accounts. Though many regard positivism as offering an untenable account of science, because "no comparable sweeping and detailed philosophical view has replaced it," Longino believes that it still needs to be reckoned with (L1990, 21). Wholists are significant because they have been the greatest critics of positivism. After presenting these accounts, and explaining the difficulties that Longino has with them, I will present Longino's own account of scientific knowledge and inquiry.
The hypothesis that answered the qualitative research from number one is as the
Sociaologist have alway attacked problems and anylized social issues that occur over long periods of time or short period of times. These ocurences usually show a trend or a pathway rather to how it has led up to a certain point of an issue occurring, or just a trend in the interaction of different groups, ethnicities, race, and culture. These anylizations differ from issue to issue, such as a micro level analysis of small social patterns to a macro level analysis of large social patterns. The foundation of sociology is based on three theoretical perspectives which are, the conflict theory, functionalism, and lastly symbolic interactionism. Being compared and contrasted in this essay will be the conflict theory and symbolic interactionism.
This essay aims to discuss the problems of the common view of science which was presented by Alan Chalmers by Popperian's view and my personal opinions. Chalmers gives his opinion about what science is and the judgment will be made in this essay through the Popperian hypothetico-deductive and my arguments will be presented in this essay. Popperian is an important philosopher of science who developed hypothetico-deductive method, which is also known as falsificationism. In my opinion, I disagree Chlamer points of view of science and this will be present in essay later. I will restrict my arguments into three parts due to the word limitation. Three aspects will be discussed in this essay: justifying the view through the Popper's view, my agreement about the Popper's objections and additional personal opinions.
In the 1980s, the hitherto-dominant normative-prescriptive conception of philosophy of science became the subject of a debate which continues to the present time. Some philosophers of science suggested that the proper aim of the discipline is the description of scientific evaluative practice.
Earlier Science was treated as an institution but now, it includes many things like "scientific experiments, "theories" etc. The authors argue that this knowledge should viewed in terms of "socially constructed" and not the one known as "scientific truth". This article points that in the social constructivist view, the 'science' it is just another system of knowledge which contains empirical researches and studies. It is basically concerned with what is "truth", how it has emerged, accepted and explained in social domain. ...
From a marriage and family, theoretical frameworks that give way to explain the reasoning of your marriage and or family. View the structure of both marriage and family through the most common three theoretical frameworks. Such as, conflict theory, family systems, and symbolic interaction that is all valuable, pertinent within the marriage, and family. Through these different frameworks, they all have some sort of comparison within the meaning of the family.
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
The concept of logical positivism, also known as logical empiricism or simply positivism, is a vital one in the realm of the social sciences, having a profusion of influence. Virtually beginning in the 1920s, logical positivism reached a peak around the time of the 1950s and 1960s. The notion revolves around the idea that scientific knowledge is the only form of valid and factual knowledge and focuses on the importance of one’s own phenomena experiences (Stiles, 2017). Although influential, there have been many analyses and critiques of the notion, with political scientist Thomas S. Kuhn acting as a prevalent critic. Kuhn, and a fair sum of other critics, are post-positivists which are those who believe that believe theory is revisable as not
The most significant feature of an investigative study is the precision and simplicity of the investigative problem. For a brief assertion, it definitely has a great deal of influence on the study. The statement of the problem is the central position of the study. The problem statement should affirm what will be studied, whether the study will be completed by means of experimental or non-experimental analysis, and what the reason and function of the results will bring. As an element of the opening, profound problem declarations satisfies the query of why the study should to be performed. The reason of this essay is to discuss the features of an investigative problem; in addition, the essay will center on what constitutes a researchable problem; the components of a well formed Statement of Research Problem; and, what constitutes a reasonable theoretical framework for the need of a study.
Another characteristic of qualitative research is that it is personal and contains very little scientific terminology. For example, the researchers seek to understand human issues and problems or why humans behave in a certain manner. This type of empathetic approach in a quantitative research is a very unique in characteristic. Also, in a qualitative research, researches interact with the participants or sample, this is very important because they need to observe their behavior. As a result, it causes the research to be more up close and personal. This type of approach is what makes a qualitative research unique or different from quantitative research. (Smith &...