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Effect Of Media On Society
Impact Of Media In Society
Roles of women during the Victorian era
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The Victorian era was marked by an aggressive belief in the purity of women. Queen Victoria herself, the most powerful matriarch of the time, perpetuated the image of a docile, subservient woman serving as the perfect help-meet for her husband. Women were viewed as “angels of the house” and anything that failed to fit this ideal image was ostracized or rationalized into erasure. The most notorious serial killer of the time, Jack the Ripper, chose prostitutes as his victims. Not middle-class wives, but women of “sin.” This exemplifies the pervasive stigma attached to any person who strayed from the Victorian Era’s stringent standards and persists to this day. The binary perception of virginity constructs a false dichotomy; one is either a prude or a slut. However there exists a Although this idea of the “angel of the house” was pervasive during the Victorian Era, …show more content…
Carmilla challenges this construct with her relationship with Laura, Although Laura is initially repulsed, she ultimately overcomes all internalized homophobia and their relationship transitions from that of strangers to livers. Laura writes of Carmilla “[pressing] me more closely in her trembling embrace, and her lips in soft kisses gently glow upon my cheek,” overtly implying the romantic nature of their relationship. Laura and Carmilla’s coupling excludes them from the homosocial exchange described by Elizabeth Signorotti. Signorotti claims women are used within society to distance men from each other and therefore from any suggestion of homosexuality. Without their use as currency, women’s existence is irreconcilable with the patriarchy, a fact that drives them, specifically Carmilla, to
Judith R. Walkowitz is a Professor Emeritus at John Hopkins University, specializing in modern British history and women’s history. In her book City of Dreadful Delight, she explores nineteenth century England’s development of sexual politics and danger by examining the hype of Jack the Ripper and other tales of sensational nature. By investigating social and cultural history she reveals the complexity of sexuality, and its influence on the public sphere and vice versa. Victorian London had upheld traditional notions of class and gender, that is until they were challenged by forces of different institutions.
Ulrich shows a progression of change in the way that women’s sexuality was viewed in New England. First, she starts with a society that depended on “external rather internal controls” and where many New Englanders responded more to shame than guilt (Ulrich 96). The courts were used to punish sexual misconducts such as adultery with fines, whippings, or sometimes even death. There were certain behaviors that “respectable” women were expected to follow and “sexual misbehavior” resulted in a serious decline of a woman’s reputation from even just one neighbor calling her names such as whore or bawd (Ulrich 97-98). Because the love between a man and his wife was compared to the bond between Christ and the Church, female modesty was an important ideal. “Within marriage, sexual attraction promoted consort; outside marriage, it led to heinous sins” (Ulrich 108). This modesty was expected to be upheld even as death approached and is seen with the example of Mary Mansfield in 1681. Ulrich describes Mary to have five neck cloths tucked into her bosom and eleven caps covering her hair. “A good wife was to be physically attractive…but she was not to expose her beauty to every eye”. Hence, even as she died, Mary was required to conceal her sexuality and beauty. However, at the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the
In The Murder of Helen Jewett, Patricia Cohen uses one of the most trivial murders during the 1800’s to illustrate the sexiest society accommodations to the privileged, hypocritical tunneled views toward sexual behavior, and the exploitation of legal codes, use of tabloid journalism, and politics. Taking the fact that woman was made from taking a rib from man was more than biblical knowledge, but incorporated into the male belief that a woman’s place is determined by the man. Helen had the proper rearing a maid servant, but how did she fall so far from grace. Judge Weston properly takes credit for rearing her with the proper strictness and education. Was Helen seduced at an early age and introduced to sexual perversions that were more persuasive that the bible belt life that the Weston’s tried to live? Was Helen simply a woman who knew how to use what she had to get what she wanted? Through personal correspondence, legal documentation, census reports, paintings, and newspapers we are able to make our own determinations. Cohen provides more than enough background and history to allow any one to make their own opinion how the murder of a woman could be turned into a side show at a circus.
In City of Dreadful Delight, Judith Walkowitz effortlessly weaves tales of sexual danger and more significantly, stories of the overt tension between the classes, during the months when Jack the Ripper, the serial murderer who brutally killed five women, all of them prostitutes, terrorized the city. The book tells the story of western male chauvinism that was prevalent in Victorian London not from the point of view not of the gazer, but rather of the object. Walkowitz argues that the press coverage of the murders served to construct a discourse of heterosexuality in which women were seen as passive victims and sexuality was associated with male violence. Much of City of Dreadful Delight explores the cultural construction and reconstruction of class and sexuality that preceded the Ripper murders. Walkowitz successfully investigates the discourses that took place after the fact and prior social frameworks that made the Ripper-inspired male violence and female passivity model possible and popular.
This essay will explore reasons why females such as Vanessa George turn to the crime of sex offending. Demonstrating my knowledge and understanding of classical criminological theory, exploring biological theories such as penis envy and more contemporary views such as liberation theory within feminism. The essay will then go on to look at the inequalities female sex offenders face within the criminal justice system in comparison with males, using chivalry theory and evil woman theory to explain this.
To “be a lady” in Victorian times, women had to repress their “instincts,” meaning that they must not have sex. Lead by the “cult of true womanhood,” which dictated piety, purity and submissiveness in women, females were directed to become almost asexual. Women went into sexuality thinking that it was something not to be talked about, that women were not supposed to have a libido, and that the act of sexual intercourse was not something that they should enjoy.
In Victorian society, according to Dr.William Acton, a doctor during the Victorian period argued that a woman was either labelled as innocent and pure, or a wife and mother. If a woman was unable to fit in these precincts, as a result she would be disdained and unfit for society and be classified as a whore (Acton, 180). The categorizing of woman is projected through the “uses the characters of Lucy and Mina as examples of the Victorian ideal of a proper woman, and the “weird sisters” as an example of women who are as bold as to ignore cultural boundaries of sexuality and societal constraints” according to Andrew Crockett from the UC Santa Barbara department of English (Andrew Crockett, 1).... ... middle of paper ...
Almost everyone knows Jack The Ripper to be skilled with a knife, but what most people do not know about The Ripper was that he was just as skilled in the media. This idea of The Ripper being a public relations specialist is made evident in “Ripped Straight From the Headlines: Jack the Ripper 's Public Relations.” by Devon Armijo, Shannon Guess, and Jacquelyn Jizno when it was published through Public Relation Quarterly in 2009. Throughout this article the writers are often writing about the possibility that it could have just been luck the way things worked out for The Ripper or did he maneuvered his way through the media and play with the minds of the people and police.
Gozalez-Lopez interviews people about their personal stories and how they dealth with situations similar to such. One of the people she interviews, Diego, talks about what he had to do to save his girlfriend from public shame because she had sex with him. “I married her because of honor. I had to come out and face the bull, to protect her image and her name” (Gonzalez-Lopez, 98). If a woman looses her virginity before marriage she can be seen as a whore, slut, or not properly raised. Many women are forced to marry men that they would never consider husband mate...
Franco Moretti provides a cogent argument for a particular understanding of societal fears existing in the Britain mind of the Victorian Era manifest in the gothic novel, Dracula. In his reading of Dracula, he chooses to extrapolate these fears along the lines of Marxist and psychoanalytic interpretative frameworks. Though Moretti admits that “it is hard to unite them harmoniously” (Moretti 104), he does not suppose these two frameworks to be mutually exclusive. In both cases, terror serves a dual function. It simultaneously expresses and hides the unconscious content of society. Dracula serves a metaphor for this content in two capacities. On the one hand, he symbolizes the uncontrollable individual pursuit of capital outside any moral boundaries. On the other, he symbolizes the liberator of sexual desire, the element which draws the trope of lust and passion into explicit social discourse. The repressive element in relation to this symbol is established solely in how it compromises the integrity of the Victorian notion of the woman. When Moretti notes that “[f]ear and attraction are one and the same… (Stoker 99)”, he is addressing the dynamic between a man and a woman. “Vampirism is an excellent example of the identity of desire and fear: let us therefore put it at the center of analysis. (100)” Though his concern throughout the article seems to be caught up in deriving the real fear in British society, by thematizing the male-female portion of the transgressive sexuality spectrum, he overlooks what appears to be, through further textual analysis, an equally prevalent hidden fear in British society: pedophilia.
During the Victorian era women were expected to be either a mother and a wife, or a pure, innocent girl. Any other deviation from the set path resulted in punishment, both physically and socially. Deviation can vary as women being over sexual to resembling men in their actions. Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula, is no exception in its representation of Victorian ideals. For his purposes, Stoker uses symbolism, tone, and diction throughout to convey the standard Victorian British perception of themselves. Through this conveyed standard to express his belief that gender roles are essential and relevant to Victorian society and that there are consequences if strayed from.
Margaret Atwood’s novel, Alias Grace, nominated for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best Novel, depicts a young 16 year old girl who is found guilty of murdering her employer and his lover in conspiracy with James McDerrmott. James McDermott is put to death by hanging, but Grace is brought to prison because she is of the “weaker sex.” This is a reflection of the construction of femininity and masculinity of the mid and late nineteenth century. A social issue of the Victorian age was women being treated as subordinate to men. Queen Victoria says, “Victorian ideology of gender rested on the belief that women were both physically and intellectually the inferior sex”(YILDIRIM). Women were seen as highly susceptible to becoming mentally ill because of this belief. Women were subject to only be “housewives.” The novel, Alias Grace, accurately shows the construction of this gender identity through society, sexuality, and emotion while challenging it through Grace’s mother and Mrs. Humphrey.
The thing that shocks me the most about victorian morality is that men and women were required to have very good etiquette. This is very abstract to me because today men and women do not necessarily have the standards they did back then. This is important because when we read the book it is necessary that we remember people had much higher standards. One thing revealing about victorian morality is the aspect of religion. Religion played a huge part in morality. People were considered immoral when they were not participating in church or not active in their religion. This is significant especially when reading a book during a different time to have the mindset of religion. Even though in these days religion is a choice and morality is not based off religion you have to remember in the past it was an extravagant part of society during those times. Finally the thing strangest of them to me was the sexual morality part of their society. Prostitution was considered immoral. Now obviously people still consider it immoral today but the thing that catches you off guard is that 3% of the population of london had to do with the prostitution business. This is very odd that this scenario
Blank is suggesting that Laura is repressing and projecting her experiences with Carmilla. This to say that the gaps are left for the reader to fill in. It is part of the attraction of Sheridan’s novella Carmilla to decide for oneself whether Laura does or does not have inherent homosexual desires. There is a significant amount of evidence to suggest that Carmilla provided a sexual awakening in Laura that would have otherwise gone unexplored due to her ignorance of homosexuality imposed on her by societal influence. She passes much of her time with women, which is to say that her experiences with women begin at one end of the spectrum. She confides in her female companions. Following her experiences with Carmilla one can then conclude that this tendency is merely introduced to her via Carmilla; Carmilla introduces her to who she really is, though regardless of her introduction to this sexuality she is restricted from pursuing this path via societal medication she overtly disliked. The 21st century is largely categorized by its progressive views; consider how Laura would fit into this society. No longer does there need to be a mediator for discussing homosexuality. The vampire was merely a tool for Sheridan Le Fanu to explore the implications of a denied sexuality in a world where homoerotic elements in literature would have been
...th of the commodity of virginity was held in such high regard that talk of sex was relegated to that which took place for a price by a whore .