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Research paper on integrated pest management
Effects of pollution on the environment
Harmful effects of pollution
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1. Chlorinated hydrocarbon - name it, describe its route of entry, and 1 or 2 health effects
a. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane known as DDT is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless is an organic chemical.
b. It is used for pesticide control worldwide and harmful mosquitoes that carry malaria.
c. It also causes destruction to the bald eagle egg where it had thin egg shells and broke easily as an aftermath of using DDT and affecting the bald eagle inability to reproduce.
d. The route of entry is ingested, inhalation, skin and eye contact.
e. Health effects of DDT are cancer like pancreatic, reproductive effects, impaired lactation, impaired neurologic function such as irritability, dizziness, and numbness.
2. Organophosphate
a. Phosmet is
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Phosmet can harm insects, fish, birds, and human.
c. The route of entry of Phosmet is inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.
d. Health effects of Phosmet is headache, nausea, diarrhea, excessive salivation and tearing, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
3. Carbomate
a. Bendiocarb is known as the toxic carbomate insecticide used in Public Health and agriculture to control many insects such as flies, wasps, ants, cockroaches, and including industrial plants and food storage places.
b. The route of entry of Bendiocarb is ingested and absorbed into the skin.
c. Health effects of Bendiocarb is abdominal cramps, weakness, headache, chest discomfort, sweating, muscle spasms, unresponsive pupils, tearing, blurred vision, irritation and pain.
4. Pyrethroid
a. Pyrethroid is known as the synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas, ticks, and human lice.
b. It is active agent in the branded product RAID Fly and Wasp killer which kills inserts
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Synthetic herbicide
a. Linuron is known as synthetic herbicide, odorless, and used to control the growth of grass, weeds, and growth of crops like soybeans and cotton,
b. It is known to be toxic to aquatic organism, wildlife, and human. Linuron can enter the atmosphere by evaporation or sprayed into the crops.
c. Linuron can enter the body by ingestion of contaminated water or food, dermal contact with linuron.
d. Health effects of Linuron is nausea, coughing, shortness of breath, vomiting, headache, weight loss with chronic exposure, and diarrhea.
6. Glyphosate
a. Glyphosate is a systemic herbicide and general use of pesticide. It’s used on plants such as grasses, sedges, broad-leaved weeds and woody plants.
b. Monsanto discovered Glyphosate and stated it would reduce the amount of herbicides
c. It is classified as human carcinogen by the IARC
d. The route of entry of Glyphosate is eating crops that are infected.
e. Health effects are damage to do the endocrine system like kidney and liver, DNA damage, breast cell proliferation, and birth defects.
7. Define IPM in your own words
a. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a pest control strategy that use techniques decrease pest economically at acceptable
By the name of “superspecies” we try to change the world feature and control the nature with science. With science, a lot of technology has been invented to support people demand for products. Without anticipation about the bad consequences, sometime the invention is causing more damaged than it provide in later on. In 1930, DDT that use for killing insect was discovered by Paul Mueller, working for the chemical company Geigy in Switzerland. For this reason, the benefits of using DDT became immediately obvious (65). Years letter, the unbelievable side effect of using DDT was found. While Biologists investigated the decline of eagles and hawks, they discovered the hitherto phenomenon of “biomagnification”, which compounds gather as they are ingested up the food chain (67). DDT phenomenon proves that thinking like science is only to understand the world in separate pieces. It is lack of understanding the rhythms, patterns and cycles of the nature. Therefore, we need to think beyond the science to see the connections between us and nature because in the reality this world is the world of
The pesticide DDT banned in 1987 was a detrimental to the environment leading to it to be banned in 1987. DDT remains in the soils for a long period of time. The chemicals affect the ecology of the soil and water run off causing contamination of livestock and native animals and aquatic species. Studies indicated a range of human health impacts from DDT including cancers, infertility, miscarriage and nervous system impairment. The social and economic impact of DDT use in viticulture was significant.
In his short story, “Top of the Food Chain”, T.C. Boyle effectively argues that humans are destroying their planet with chemicals and that the general consensus of the public is that it is okay. He argues this efficaciously through the use of rhetorical and satirical devices, which are used throughout his story. Overall, I agree with Boyle’s argument that DDT is an especially harmful chemical to our planet, and while it may have had a place at one time, there is no need for it any longer.
The medication given to the children is a trial and error situation. The right drug could take years to find. The children taking this drug feel like test subjects when their pediatrician/psychotherapists must monitor them for compliance to the medication. Side effects differ from each individual, ranging from nervous breakdowns, inadequacy, mania, delusions, physical harm, self harm and possible attempted suicide. These symptoms can be treated with even more medication. Other side effects include: headache, stomach ache, dry mouth, constipation, gas, weight loss/gain, and acne. These symptoms might go away or are tolerable. New symptoms are hard to determine whether or not they are due from a new illness, the drugs, or just natural hormone development.
In addition to the risk of actual introduction, orally, are minimal, Malathion is very low in toxicity when ingested. When introduced to small amounts for short periods of time via the skin, effects were also minimal. Studies done showed minor skin irritations. In studies on eye irritation, Malathion proved to cause slight eye irritation that typically cleared up within seven days. When inhaled, results were similar. While typically low in toxicity (when inhaled in small amounts, for short periods of time), some animals showed reduced plasma CHe activity after exposure. No studies have been done on long-term effects, however. It is thought that a lethal dose will not typically be used in the treatment of insects. However long-term exposure, as well as highly concentrated exposure, may lead to cancer, birth defects, reproductive toxicity, and even
The affects teratogens can have on the developing fetus can vary greatly. Research provided from the University of Iowa’s on teratogens explains some of the possible outcome to exposure to certain teratogens. Listed birth defects resulting from exposure to teratogens, range from prenatal death, to physical and mental abnormalities.
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
Zyklon b is a hydrocyanic acid.It is given off by evaporation,and is highly lethal in the correct dosage. Zyklon b was an insecticide which suffocates it’s prey.Killing insects was its original use("Newsletter").It was packaged in metal canesters for safe keeping.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate is one of the most commonly used pesticides in the world. Unfortunately it is also extremely dangerous causing a range of health problems, from difficulty breathing to reduced fertility. It is also thought to cause cancer. ( Cox, 2008)
By the time naturalists learned of DDT's effect on wildlife, it was almost too late.
...n-toxic, but becomes toxic once it reacts with air or soil compounds to become the allelopathic hydrojuglone (Appleton et al. 2009). Once this compound reaches the soil, it can affect neighbouring plants by “root contact, leakage or decay in the soil, falling and decaying leaves, or when rain leaches and drips juglone from leaves and branches onto plants below” (Appleton et al. 2009). This process is illustrated below.
Which herbicide will best control the weed on your property? Controlling weeds requires more than just killing a particular plant or handful of plants; it requires preventing offspring, too. A few weeds are not so bad, really; it’s the thousands of offspring that cause problems. To insure that you both kill the weed and prevent it from reproducing, you must know a little about its life cycle. How does it spread?
... a “natural pesticide” against, in this situation wheat, the crop-killing bug. This is the advantage that family farms have.
Negative effects on human health: can harm almost every organ, damages the nervous system, and can increase blood pressure. With prolonged exposure it can lead to kidney and brain damage, negative effects on the reproductive system, and can even be fatal.
Botanicals may also find use in organic food production, both in the field and in controlled environments for export to developed countries where strict pesticide levels are strictly monitored in horticultural products before export. In addition, the greatest benefits from botanicals might be achieved in developing countries, where human pesticide poisonings are most prevalent. In Africa ex tracts of locally available plants have been traditionally used as crop protectants, when used alone or in mixtures. In fact, indigenous knowledge and traditional practices can make valuable contributions to domestic food production in countries where strict enforcement of pesticide regulations is not applied (Isman, 2008).