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Effects of segregation in the united states
The newark riots of 1967
Effects of segregation in the united states
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The late 60s were a time of unrest in the United States; many cities were experiencing race riots. The riot in Detroit started on July 23, 1967, this ended up being the deadliest race riot in the history of the United States, and the riot lasted five days. During the course of the Detroit riot forty-three people were killed, 1,189 people were injured, and more than 7,000 were arrested. After the riot President Lyndon B. Johnson established a commission to investigate the riots in Detroit in 1967. President Johnson informed the commission that they had the freedom to follow the truth where ever it would take them. The commission was chaired by Governor Otto Kerner of Illinois. According to the report President Johnson instructed the commission to find the answers to three questions. “First, what happened? Second, why did it happen? Third, what can be done to prevent it from happening again?” The commissions’ conclusion was that, “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, and one white— separate and unequal.” The commission’s report also states that “Segregation and poverty have created in the racial ghetto a destructive environment totally unknown to most white Americans.”
Many black Detroiters prefer to call it a rebellion and not a riot. "When I hear the word 'riot' I just get the chills," said Brenda Dixon, 45, of Detroit. "The word 'riot' just seems inhumane, like people acting savagely."
According to http://www.67riots.rutgers.edu/d_index.htm was “rooted in a multitude of political, economic, and social factors.” These included but were not limited to police abuse, lack of affordable housing, economic inequality, black militancy, and rapid demographic change.
Blacks were treated badly by police, they were manh...
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...and Revitalization in the Rust Belt: A report of findings from the University of Michigan’s
http://www.archive.org/stream/kernerreportrevi00asse/kernerreportrevi00asse_djvu.txt
Nichols, Darren A.; Lee, Amy. 2007. Fears of Police Harassment Linger. http://detnews.com/article/20070720/METRO/707200381/Fears-of-police-harassment-linger
Stuart, Reginald. "ON THE RISE?" Crisis (15591573) 114.4 (2007): 16-20. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 4 Oct. 2011.
From The Detroit News: http://detnews.com/article/20070719/METRO/707190402/Disparity-may-lead-to-unrest#ixzz1ZswmrHQm
From The Detroit News: http://detnews.com/article/20070724/METRO/707240370/Metro-gathers-to-show-unity#ixzz1Zt9LoKNE
http://www.umich.edu/~lawrace/causes1.htm#
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/metro.nr0.htm. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Lee, Paul. UPRISING. July 2007. www.michigancitizen.com
On March 17, 1955, more than 10,000 crazed hockey fans from inside the Montreal Forum and from the streets outside gathered together to protest the suspension of Maurice "The Rocket" Richard. An outraged fan slapped and punched the president of the National Hockey League, Clarence Campbell who was quietly sitting among the spectators. This "seven-hour rampage of destruction and looting" was a result of this attack that occurred during the game that opposed the Montreal Canadians and the Detroit Red Wings (Zacharias, 2000). During this riot, there were many people who were injured and over 100 fans were arrest.
Once called the Public Housing capital in the United States, Newark was receiving more money than any other city from the federal government to clear slums and build public housing complexes. People like Louis Danzig who was the head of the Newark Housing Authority (NHA) used the federal funds the city received to destroy low income housing of minorities in Newark, then build public housing on the outskirts of the city putting all the poor minorities in these areas. The police brutalized the cities African-American citizens numerous times with no repercussions. The city was being segregated and African-American Newark residents started to feel more and more marginalized. In 1967 things finally came to ahead as an African-American cab driver was arrested and beat badly by the Newark Police Department and when rumor spread that he had died in police custody. Though the cab driver was in fact brought to the hospital, a group gathered out in front of the police station and started throwing bricks and other objects at the police station. The riot went on for six days and has shaped the image of Newark to this day the riots have given the city a negative appearance that still lingers.
What is a Riot? According to Encyclopedia.gov a riot “is a social occasion involving relatively spontaneous collective violence directed at property, persons, or authority.” There are five main
On July 27, 1919, a young black man named Eugene Williams swam past an invisible line of segregation at a popular public beach on Lake Michigan, Chicago. He was stoned by several white bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned, and his death set off one of the bloodiest riots in Chicago’s history (Shogun 96). The Chicago race riot was not the result of the incident alone. Several factors, including the economic, social and political differences between blacks and whites, the post-war atmosphere and the psychology of race relations in 1919, combined to make Chicago a prime target for this event. Although the riot was a catalyst for several short-term solutions to the racial tensions, it did little to improve race relations in the long run. It was many years before the nation truly addressed the underlying conflicts that sparked the riot of 1919. This observation is reflected in many of author James Baldwin’s essays in which he emphasizes that positive change can only occur when both races recognize the Negro as an equal among men politically, economically and socially.
The Newark riots of 1967 were very extreme and terrible time in Newark, New Jersey, one of the worst in U.S. history. The riots were between African-Americans and white residents, police officers and the National Guard. The riots were not unexpected. The tension between the city grew tremendously during the 1960's, due to lack of employment for Blacks, inadequate housing, police brutality and political exclusion of blacks from government.
Waggoner, John. "Is Today's Economic Crisis Another Great Depression?" USA Today. N.p., 4 Nov. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Before the events of the Tulsa race riot African Americans saw the white community taking justice into their own hands. Black citizens of Tulsa stood up against this sort of white mob. This escaladed into the Tulsa race riot. The Tulsa race riot and its effects weighed heavily upon the African Americans of this era.
“April 26th, 1992, there was a riot on the streets, tell me where were you!? You were sittin' home watchin' your TV, while I was paticipatin' in some anarchy,” these are the lyrics Sublime uses in their song ‘April 26, 1992’ to describe what happened during the Los Angeles Riots of 1992. “First spot we hit it was my liquor store. I finally got all that alcohol I can't afford. With red lights flashin' time to retire, And then we turned that liquor store into a structure fire,” people ,running through the streets, had no pity when demolishing small businesses and taking what ever they may want from them. The streets, neighborhoods, businesses were destroyed by angry protesters. Their reasons were clear, all they wanted was some justice. A video tape of four L.A.P.D police officers brutally beating a male (Rodney King) without any sympathy was made public, which started the bomb track. “Let it burn, wanna let it burn, wanna let it burn, wanna wanna let it burn,” says the song when describing the riots. Throughout these days there was an estimate of more than 50 killed, over 4 thousand injured, and 12,000 people arrested. The damage caused in the city was about one billion dollars, damage that is believed was never fully repaired. The riots and destruction that went on for about a week that showed the people’s rage and that they were not going to tolerate the injustices committed by the authorities.
Shaskolsky, Leon. “The Negro Protest Movement- Revolt or Reform?.” Phylon 29 (1963): 156-166. JSTOR. U of Illinois Lib., Urbana. 11 Apr. 2004 .
In a society of a violent system it was hard for young blacks to take charge in an non-violent organization, it seemed to be a hypocrisy. And the idea of tolerance was wearing thin for the whole generation. Later on in the year, around August, the first of many large-scale riots began to break out. The first one was in Los Angeles, California and lasted for a little over three weeks. This single riot killed 39 people during its wrath of burning block after block.
Riot: an organized physical action by a group of individuals. After viewing the films depicting the events that followed the Rodney King verdict I believe that the actions that followed should be categorized as a riot.
Around five in the morning an empty bottled crashed into the window of a police car and trash cans started going thru store windows. The pre-dawn chaos rapidly escalated into a destructive rebellion that engulfed the city of Detroit, Michigan. Governor Romney deployed the Michigan National Guard and President Johnson sent in federal troops to aid in bringing peace back to Detroit. For five days, chaos and fire consumed the city leaving forty-three people dead, millions of dollars of damage, and the use of over seventeen thousand law enforcement, guardsmen, and troops to restore order to the streets. The 1967 Detroit Riot is known as one of the bloodiest civil unrests in the United States. Many of the deaths in these five days were of young African-Americans and many of them were killed by law
Social issues during the Election of 1968 were stirring; urban rioting, restlessness in college campuses, and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. lead to an era of mass hysteria and chaos. On February 29, 1968, Kerner commission on the urban violence issues condemned the cause to be racism, as it states, “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal.” Moreover, this great divide between the people caused a rise in black militant groups and civil rights leaders. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover ordered to neutralize the threat; he stated, “Prevent the rise of a 'messiah' who could unify, and electrify the militant black nationalist movement.” Hoover believed the “messiah” could be Malcolm X, Martin
The 11-member commission was appointed by President Lyndon B.Johnson in July 1967. He was appointed to uncover the causes of the urban riots and recommended solutions. It reported, that declared our nation moving toward two societies, one black one white separate and unequal. This called for expanded aid to African American communities in order to prevent any more racial violence and polarization. Unless drastic remedies were undertaken at once. The report also said there would be a continuing polarization of the American community and end in the destruction of basic democratic values. Also it was identified more than 150 riots or major disorders between 1965 and 1968 which was blamed by “white racism”. According to the news we are dividing
Postrel, V. (2004). The Consequences of the 1960s race riots come into view. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/30/business/30scene.html?_r=1&