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Case study in violent behavior
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The literature presented by Walker and colleagues’ (2014) suggests that the process of desistance among offenders who engage in intimate personal violence is not a quick and simple process; actually it is complex and gradual. Also the literature suggests that this is not a spontaneous occurrence, this can start and stop for a significant amount of time before the actual desistance process truly begins. Further, this process is not the same for any individual; each offender has their own set of circumstances and factors that are associated with their type of violence. This process will not follow a “correct pathway”, it will not go through stages in a progressing way, and there will be failure most often. Also, Walker & colleagues’ (2014) even state that ethnic and cultural factors do in fact need to be address, as it may play a role in the process if desistance. Additionally, there are three elements that comprise the researcher’s conceptual model. …show more content…
First, the lifestyle changes from the old way to the new way, this is known as persistence and desistance.
The old way is comprised of the expression, permission, and the triggers of violence. To get from the first phase to the second, there will be many catalysts for change. These catalysts are triggers or anything that can assist the process in moving forward to change and desistance. These can be consequences for one’s violence such as the involvement of the criminal justice system, emotional responses, or fearful reactions. Also, the individual’s lifestyle behaviors are brought into this conceptual framework to aid in the desistance process. The practitioner needs to understand what triggers persistence, and what triggers desistance, and by identifying these components, they can aid the offender is managing their
violence. I believe that the findings identified by Walker & colleagues’ (2014) were able to explain the modest success of treatment interventions that targets domestic violence offenders within the Babcock and colleagues’ (2004) research for a number of reasons. First, Walkers & colleagues’ (2014) research states that there are so many diverse factors that need to be considered in relation to the treatment process of intimate personal violence. The criminogenic needs to be identified and matched with the correct services based on the RNR assessment. This allows the technician to adapt to the offender and tailor a program that suits his or her needs, because there is not one offender that is the same. Therefore, when looking at the research presented by Babcock and colleagues’ (2004), their results were minuscule, and most of the studies that were included did seem flawed. There were so many that had dropouts, not adequate reporting or follow ups, etc. Further, there did not seem to be a significant worry about the difference of each offenders needs. While many of the studies that were included did use different methods of treatments, assessments did not seem adequate, for example getting information from police reports rather than gathering information with a trained professional who can use the tools and skills they have to better identify the needs of the offender to help the desist from intimate partner violence.
It has been reported that Jamie has ‘committed more than one act of intimate partner violence’ which suggests a lack of control. Jamie denied responsibility for these aggressive acts and stated ‘she can be a total cow when she wants to be’. Weldon & Gilchrist (2012) found that offenders believe partners provoke violent responses which can be highlighted in Jamie’s case as he reported ‘she should know when to shut up’. Although there is evidence of the lack of ability to control aggression, there is insufficient evidence regarding the level of aggression and minimal violence was reported from the sexual
James Gilligan is an American psychiatrist who presents the causation and prevention of violence from his point of view of working in US prisons for decades in his book “Preventing Violence”. Gilligan provides readers with a multitude of data and theories, but his book (or at least the first four chapters) boils down to the fact that violence towards other is caused by shame. He calls upon his many years of interaction with prison inmates and explains how inmates who committed violent crimes often said it was because they were disrespected, and therefore shamed. However, it’s very important to highlight that it takes not only shame but also an inability to “regain respect” after a shameful event, to cause violence as Gilligan proposes. This
The problems caused by domestic violence become more and more serious across the time. Compare with the incidents like car accidents and rape, there are more women getting hurt because of domestic violence. Many researches were carried out to understand men's domestic violence and some of the researchers suggested that the perpetrators of the domestic violence, abuse their partner due to their experience of rejection and shame. Thus, a rejection-abuse cycle existed (Brown, James, & Taylor, 2010). There are four steps in the cycle, which the sense of rejection of man make up a threat to self, leading to a defend against this threat and then results in abusive behaviour.
Wormith, J. S., Althouse, R., Simpson, M., Reitzel, L. R., Fagan, T. J., & Morgan, R. D. (2007). The rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders: The current landscape and some future directions for correctional psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(7), 879-892.
Most states provide pre and post release treatment programs to help paroled offenders convicted of domestic violence. A study that evaluated the affects of domestic violence treatment programs found offenders that completed a treatment program or who had attended at least 75% of the sessions were less likely to recidivate than those who had attended fewer sessions (Sartin, Hansen, Huss). However, of the offenders who were less likely to offend, 47% did recidivated within four years after completing domestic violence programs. They also found that of the offenders who were court-ordered to attend a treatment programs, 40% attended the initial session and 37% attended 25% of the sessions. Domestic violence offenders that do not complete the treatment programs characteristically recidivate within six month.
...nd incidence of such violence, there still seems to be gaps amongst the research that creates links to other aspects of IPV. By providing a further analysis of how women go from being the victim to the offender, it may create a more realistic understanding of why the recent intimate partner homicide/violence rates for women offenders has increased. Perhaps society needs to not see females as become more serious 'aggressors' and 'bad girls' but rather as women who are finally fighting back. By relating the social learning theory, the self defense theory as well as the male proprietariness theory to intimate partner violence it creates a more thorough understanding of the causes and affects of this form of violence. Conceivably, future directions of research on intimate partner violence should investigate the reasoning behind this new 'husband abuse' phenomenon.
More than half of prisoners reoffend within at least three years of leaving prison. Those who reoffend tend to have more severe and more aggressive offenses than previously. A man by the name of Brandy Lee has shown that by having a very strict program in prisons, violent offenders in San Francisco jails reduced the amount of violence in jails. The program also helped to reduce the rate of violent re-offences after leaving the jail by over 50 percent.
In today’s society, many people commit crimes and illegal behavior is nothing new. Society knows that there are criminals and they have criminal intentions. The question today is not if people are going to commit crimes, it is finding the most effective method to help those criminals reenter society as productive citizens, and preventing new people from becoming criminals. Department of corrections around the nation have implemented a program that identifies the most effective method. The “what works” movement outlines four general principles that are implemented in the rehabilitation of criminals; and, these principles are risk principle, criminogenic need principle, treatment principle, and fidelity principle.
... middle of paper ... ... Understanding psychological theories helps criminologists to design appropriate correctional strategies to mitigate crime. Works Cited Eysenck, H.J., & Gudjonsson, G.H. d. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a The causes and cures of criminality.
The reasons as to why individuals desist from crime can range from genetic, environmental, social, or psychophysiological. One belief focuses on the idea that criminals desist from crime through pro-social development and a worthwhile career path. In a study conducted by Aresti, Eatough and Gordon (2010), five ex-offenders participated in interviews about their lives as offenders, and their new found lives as productive members of society. Results show that four major themes emerged from the five men. First “being stuck” in their offending ways, second “defining moments” or moments of self-change, third “life in transition” or moments in the self-change process, and fourth “a new world” which encompasses the men’s new and reformed lives. The men in the study each had defining moments, typically the realization that they were going to be locked up for many years or losing out on time of their lives acted as this defining moment. This produced angst and made the men question their existence;
As the current prison structures and sentencing process continues to neglect the issues that current offenders have no change will accrue to prevent recidivism. The issue with the current structure of the prison sentencing process is it does not deal with the “why” the individual is an social deviant but only looks at the punishment process to remove the deviant from society. This method does not allow an offender to return back to society without continuing where they left off. As an offender is punished they are sentenced (removal from society) they continue in an isolated environment (prison) after their punishment time is completed and are released back to society they are now an outsider to the rapidly changing social environment. These individuals are returned to society without any coping skills, job training, or transitional training which will prevent them from continuing down th...
I experienced, first hand, the necessity of considering the cultural and ethnic views and requirements of a variety of victims. Each victim remembered their experience from a viewpoint that included their age, sex, religion, family background, and the emotions that affected the stories they had about the crime (D’Argembeau & Van der Linden, 2004). This can make messy complexity of what could have been a simple recovery process. These things necessitate humility on the part of the counsellor, an open mind, and continual self reminders that I do not know everything and that I must listen attentively or I will miss something important.
2015). From the way a person talks, to how they view the world around them, this is all individually constructed, and therefore so is crime. Research has proved a strong relationship between whether a child has been abused, and their likeliness for criminal behavior at some point in their life. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, 15% of all Male inmates in prison experienced some form of abuse as a child, the number grows to an astounding 37% for women in the system (Prather, Walter and Jeannie A. Golden. 2009). This forms a strong case for criminals who experienced this type of abuse and their reasoning for turning to crime (Prather, Walter and Jeannie A. Golden. 2009). Using the Interaction theory, for many of these individual’s extreme abuse was one of the first things experienced in life. They learned it from their parents or other family members, or maybe other children and teachers at school. From verbal to physical abuse, this type of interaction went on to form and become an essential part of their identity and reality. Abuse which was transformed to violence and deviancy whether to earn a living or let out rage upon another person resulting in a heinous
When people have been living a life of crime, it may be difficult for them to discontinue
“Domestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm” (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks help (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). For instance, a child is brought up in a household that is constantly involved in criminal acts. As this child grows up, the criminal lifestyle will be synonymous with his/her behavior. With that being said, it is also a given fact that if a household and its members are surrounded with violence, the relationships between one another will be strained. Eventually this will end up in a divorce or even worse, death, depending on how far the violence goes. If there is violence in a family, then the ones who are affected by it may feel like they deserve it because of what the batterer is accusing them of doing. Battering occurs among people of all races, ages, socio-economic classes, religious affiliations, occupations, and educational backgrounds (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). Domestic violence can affect families in more aspects than one; the husband-wife relationship, the children, and also the financial stability.