The Relationship Between Isotonic Dehydration And Electrolytes

According to VanMeter and Hubert (2014), dehydration is caused by insufficient body fluid resulting from inadequate intake or excessive loss of fluids. It can also be caused by the combination of both (p. 20). The excess fluid losses can be via renal, gastrointestinal, insensible losses, or fluid shift such as ascites, effusion, burns and sepsis. The excess water loss happens in intracellular and extracellular compartments, but it is commonly starts from extracellular compartment.
According to Huang (2016), the clinical manifestations of dehydration are highly related to intravascular volume depletion. Hypovolemic shock and organ failure will occur if there is serious dehydration.
Electrolytes and some proteins losses, most of time, come

(1) Isotonic dehydration happens when there is a proportionate loss of water and electrolytes. Therefore, the electrolytes and water loss are in the similar amount or concentration in both intravascular and extravascular compartment. (2) Hypotonic dehydration happens when electrolytes losses are more than waster loss. Due to the low serum electrolyte concentration, intravascular water shifts to extravascular compartment and intensify the intravascular volume depletion. (3) Hypertonic dehydration happens when water loss is greater than electrolyte loss. Due to the high serum electrolyte concentration, extravascular water shifts to intravascular compartment and decreases the intravascular volume depletion. On the other hand, water is pulled from the cells to extracellular space via osmosis. In order to maintain the fluid volume inside the cells, the cells produce active particles to generate osmotic force to pull the water back. If rapidly rehydration is given, it induces large influx of want into the cells and causes cellular swelling and rupture such as cerebral

They lack an effective fluid reservation and conversation functions. Infants have higher insensible fluid losses due to their proportionately larger body surface area and renal immaturity. Infants have higher metabolic rate that they need greater amount of water. Therefore, infants have faster volume depletion in their vascular compartments. For older adults, according to Kobriger (1999), they had less protein and more fat in their body that they hold less water. Besides, they had lower water conserving and replenishing ability due to decrease renal function and thirsty response. Moreover, the cognitive and physical changes that led them to rely on others to give adequate fluid intake. In addition, they went to bad early that they stayed longer time in bed and no access to