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Methodology of natural language processing
Natural language processing methodology
Natural language processing methodology
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i. Identify Lexical Ambiguity
The Lexical database contains the possible ambiguity indicators such as: bound, break, call, content, continue, contract, count, direct, even, express, form, forward, function, get, job, level, name, notice, number, out, part, position, record, reference, return, set, source, special, standard, string, subject, switch, tail, throw, throw, throw, translate, try, under, value , way.
ii. Identify Referential Ambiguity
The Referential database contains the possible ambiguity indicators such as: anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, he, her, hers, herself, him, himself, his, I, it, its, itself, me, our, ours, ourselves, she, somebody, someone, something, that, their, theirs, them, themselves,
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For each ambiguous sentence, resolve the ambiguity in the sentence automatically as the final step using resolving rules, and thus improve the natural language requirement specification document. The Ambiguity Resolving Module architecture is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 The Ambiguity Resolving Module
The resolving ambiguity approach uses the following common rules to check if a sentence contains an ambiguity:
Rule 1: when sentence containing not only, but also, as well as, both, but, and, and also, or, and/or, X /Y, either, whether, otherwise, meanwhile, whereas, on the other hand split it to two sentences.
Rule 2: when sentence containing unless, replace with if not.
Rule 3: when sentence containing a, an, all, any, some, every, several replace with each.
Rule 4: when sentence containing should, will, would, may, might, ought to replace with shall.
Rule 5: when sentence containing There is X in Y, X exists in Y replace with Y has X.
Rule 6: when sentence containing anaphora or pronoun such as they or them replaces with the farthest
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OpenNLP is an open source Java library which is used process Natural Language text. OpenNLP provides services such as tokenization, sentence segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, named entity extraction, chunking, parsing, and co-reference resolution, etc. The OpenNLP library was used to build an efficient text processing service. In this section the screenshots of DARA is provided. The graphical user interface (GUI) is shown to aid in the description. The GUI when the tool is in the run state is shown in Figure 5. The DARA GUI is composed of four principal
This will impact his reading if this does not get fixed because he will always put a word to fill in the spot. This will also change the meaning of the sentence, they will have misinformation on what is going on in the story because the miscue altered the entire sentence.
Ambiguity is when a word is used in a sentence but it has an unclear or unfixed meaning. An example of this is in “The Catcher in the Rye” by J.D. Salinger, in one scene Holden says “I ran all the way to the main gate, and then I waited a second till I got my breath. I have no wind, if you want to know the truth. I’m quite a heavy smoker, for one thing—that is, I used to be. They made me cut it out. Another thing, I grew six and a half inches last year. That’s also how I practically got tubby and came out here for all these goddam checkups and stuff. I’m pretty healthy though.” This is an example of ambiguity because the words “they” and “here” used by the speaker are ambiguous. But the readers are allowed to presume from the context that “they” might be the professionals helping out Holden and “here” might be a rehabilitation center.
These denoting phrases can be classed into either one of two groups; those containing definite descriptions and those containing indefinite descriptions.
Chapter seven begins by explaining an example that would make the case against using ambiguity. In fact, the title of chapter seven is “Avoid Ambiguity”. While it is true that vague statements leave questions unanswered, the traditional idea behind gathering information is to find specific details and clear communicated information. Ambiguous communication can be dangerous in some situations where the consequences of not understanding the complete picture can cause harm. Therefore, communication of specific information is needed in some situations, however, the author then goes on to explain how the ambiguous statement or event can lead to more accurate and applicable solutions.
My goal is to work on my sentence structure so that the syntax makes sense, and does not confuse the reader.
You've had a rough day. How can anyone come up with a clear-cut decision on good usage when you are constantly forced to change it? If you don't change your usage, you won't be conforming to the normal framework of what is appropriate in a given situation. But what is the "normal framework?" If there was only a "god of good usage" in the sky, you could consult him/her and find out what is appropriate. Maybe this god could be an English professor. You realize this would be impossible- they can't seem to agree on the issue of good usage either. You resolve to just use your best judgement considering the circumstances with which you are presented. You don't have any more time to ponder on the point anyway. You've got another stack of applications waiting for you in the morning.
To revise a phrase fragment, you will either attach the phrase to an independent clause or make it a separate sentence. A correct way of attaching the phrase to an independent clause would be, “The board meeting is serving breakfast in the hallway, along with desert.” An incorrect way would be placing a period after hallway instead of the comma. A correct way of making the phrase into a separate sentence is by adding a subject, verb, or both. For example, you can turn “Jerry trained relentlessly for weeks at the gym. To compete at the strongest man competition.” to “Jerry trained relentlessly for weeks at the gym. He wanted to compete at the strongest man competition.” Do I need to repeat myself?
For example, consider the two statements - Rafael Nadal lives in Spain" and Rafael Nadal likes
Philosophical approaches, deixis can be as indexical expressions may be usefully approached by considering how truth-conditional semantics deals with certain natural language expression. For example:
Ellipsis is a pervasive phenomenon in natural language.Since ellipsis is one of the different cohesive devices in English, its place will specify among other standards of textuality and its characteristics as a cohesive device.
Expressions such as these can cause miscommunications, misunderstandings, and basically just a lot of confusion.
The field of Computational Linguistics is relatively new; however, it contains several sub-areas reflecting practical applications in the field. Machine (or Automatic) Translation (MT) is one of the main components of Computational Linguistics (CL). It can be considered as an independent subject because people who work in this domain are not necessarily experts in the other domains of CL. However, what connects them is the fact that all of these subjects use computers as a tool to deal with human language. Therefore, some people call it Natural Language Processing (NLP). This paper tries to highlight MT as an essential sub-area of CL. The types and approaches of MT will be considered, and limitations discussed.
Conceptual meaning is widely considered to be a basic building block of all linguistic communication. Leech considers it to prove necessary in almost all forms of language based communication (10). It provides the complex organization which mirrors the order apparent in the other key areas of language, phonology i.e. sound and, syntax concerning grammar and the construction of sentences. In particular the principle of...
The external argument in both the examples (5a & b) is marked with the instrumental Case because of the presence of the capabilitative auxiliary ɟa. In addition, the transitive verbal string agrees with the internal argument in both examples.
Recognize grammatical word classes (e.g., nouns and verbs), systems (e.g., tense, agreement, and pluralization), patterns, rules, and elliptical forms.